The Human Dimensions of Geomorphological Work in Britain
Abstract
Summary: The transfer of materials from the natural environment to the urban and industrially built environment produces two broad impacts on the landscape: a removal of materials from the earth's surface (a change in geomorphology) and the accumulation of a stock of concrete and other materials elsewhere in cities and industrial zones (a change in urban morphology). Thus, industrial activity transforms natural landscapes and, in doing so, has to be considered to be a geological and geomorphological agent. On the global scale, the deliberate shift of around 57,000 Mt (megatons)/yr of materials through mineral extraction processes exceeds the annual transport of sediment to the oceans by rivers (some 22,000 Mt/yr) by almost a factor of three. On the island of Britain, the total deliberate shift of earth‐surface materials is between 688 and 972 Mt/yr, depending on whether or not the replacement of overburden in opencast coal mining is taken into account. The export of sediment to the oceans by rivers is only 10 Mt/yr whereas the export of materials in solution is about 40 Mt/yr, making the deliberate materials shift nearly 14 times larger than the shift caused by natural processes. Processes examined by industrial ecology, such as direct excavation, urban development, and waste dumping are those most driving changes in the shape of the British landscape today. These transformations pose added costs. Industrial ecology will produce an understanding of the hidden costs associated with these transformations. Such an understanding will help in planning and encouraging the reuse of materials everywhere and in identifying the key areas for intervention to reduce off‐site geomorphological impacts and costs.
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Mineral extraction alone accounts for the displacement of ~57,000 Tg/year of sediments, exceeding the current rate of river-borne sediment transport by almost a factor of 3.
“Mineral extraction alone accounts for the displacement of ~57,000 Tg/year of sediments, exceeding the current rate of river-borne sediment transport by almost a factor of 3 ( 38 ).”
From The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene (2016) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- Douglas, I., & Lawson, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Douglas, Ian
- ORCID
- Douglas, Ian
- Venue
- Journal of Industrial Ecology
- Published
- 2000-04
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 9-33
- ISSN
- 1088-1980 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-9290
- OpenAlex
- W1979562014
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 33.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Industrial Ecology (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Geology and Environmental Impact Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Geography and Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- industrial ecology, geomorphology, urban morphology, material flow, landscape change, mining, open-pit coal mine, sediment export, waste dumping, urban development, material reuse, British landscape
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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