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Cited by 262Adrenal Hormones and DisordersGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsStress Responses and Cortisol

The plasma sugar, free fatty acid, cortisol, and growth hormone response to insulin, and the comparison of this procedure with other tests of pituitary and adrenal function. II. In patients with hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction or anorexia nervosa.

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Landon, J, Greenwood, F C, Stamp, T C, Wynn, V·1966·Journal of Clinical Investigation
DOI 10.1172/jci105358PMC PMC292718
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Abstract

The sequence of events that follows the intra-venous injection of insulin has been reviewed ex-tensively by De Bodo and Altszuler (1). A com-plex set of mechanisms normally operates to an-tagonize the action of insulin, thereby limiting the extent to which the blood glucose falls and causing a rapid return to original levels. There is evi-dence that glucocorticoids and growth hormone play an important role as hormonal insulin an-tagonists. Thus both Addison's disease and hypo-pituitarism are known to be associated with in-creased insulin sensitivity, whereas patients with Cushing's syndrome or acromegaly are resistant to its hypoglycemic action (2, 3). The observa-tion that the intravenous injection of insulin into control subjects results in rapid elevations of plasma cortisol (4, 5) and growth hormone (6-9) also supports the possible physiologic importance of these hormones as insulin antagonists. Since the release of these two hormones depends on ade-quate hypothalamic as well as pituitary and adrenal function (5, 7, 10), it was apparent that a rapid test of both the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis for the secretion of cortisol and the hy-pothalamo-pituitary axis for the secretion of growth hormone could be developed with insulin-induced hypoglycemia as a stimulus. The present paper describes the time sequence of the changes in plasma sugar, free fatty acids (FFA), cortisol, and growth hormone in normal * Submitted for publication September 21, 1965; ac-

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  1. [8]8. Langdon, R. G. In Lipide Metabolism, K. E. Bloch, Ed. New York and London, John Wiley, 1960, p. 238.
  2. [12]12. Mogensen, E. F. Chromopobe adenoma of the pituitary gland. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 1957, 24, 135.
  3. [19]19. Spirtos, B. N., W. R. Ingram, E. M. Bogdanove, and N. S. Halmi. Increased insulin sensitivity in rats with hypothalamic lesions, and its interpretation (abstract). J. clin. Endocr. 1954, 14, 790.
  4. [30]30. Rudman, D., S. J. Brown, and M. F. Malkin. Adipokinetic actions of adrenocorticotropin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, vasopressin, α- and β-melanocytestimulating hormones, fraction H, epinephrine and norepinephrine in the rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, rat, pig and dog. Endocrinology 1963, 72, 527.

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Authors
Landon, J., Greenwood, F. C., Stamp, T. C., & Wynn, V
Affiliations
St Mary's Hospital (GB)
Venue
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher
American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published
1966-04-01
Volume
45
Issue
4
Pages
437-449
ISSN
0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1172/jci105358
PMC
PMC292718
OpenAlex
W1972114216
Cited by
262
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
FWCI
17.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
insulin-induced hypoglycemia, insulin tolerance test, plasma glucose, free fatty acids, cortisol, growth hormone, hypothalamic dysfunction, pituitary dysfunction, anorexia nervosa, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary axis, insulin antagonists, Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly
MeSH terms
Acromegaly, Adenoma, Chromophobe, Adolescent, Adrenal Glands, Adult, Aged, Anorexia Nervosa, Blood, Blood Glucose, Craniopharyngioma, Fatty Acids, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypopituitarism, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Insulin, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Pituitary Function Tests, Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests, Pregnancy, Puerperal Disorders, Growth Hormone

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