Cited by 1,842Cardiac Ischemia and ReperfusionAcute Myocardial Infarction ResearchCardiac Imaging and Diagnostics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The “No-Reflow” Phenomenon after Temporary Coronary Occlusion in the Dog

Open access

Kloner, Robert A., Ganote, Charles E., Jennings, Robert B.·1974·Journal of Clinical Investigation

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The role of microvascular damage in the genesis of the "no-reflow" phenomenon was investigated in the left ventricular myocardium of dogs subjected to temporary occlusions of a major coronary artery for 40 and 90 min. Intravenous carbon black or thioflavin S (a fluorescent vital stain for endothelium) were used to demonstrate the distribution of coronary arterial flow in control and damaged myocardium. These tracers were injected simultaneously with release of the coronary occlusion or after 5 or 20 min of reflow of coronary arterial blood. After 40 min of ischemia plus arterial reperfusion, usually the tracers were evenly distributed throughout the damaged tissue at each time of reperfusion. On the other hand, when reflow was allowed after 90 min of ischemia, portions of the inner half of damaged myocardium were not penetrated by the tracers. Electron microscopic study of this poorly perfused tissue revealed severe capillary damage; endothelial cells with large intraluminal protrusions and decreased pinocytic vesicles were common. Also, occasional intraluminal fibrin thrombi were noted, as well as extravascular fibrin deposits and erythrocytes. Myocardial cells were swollen in both poorly perfused and well-perfused irreversibly injured tissue. Contraction bands and mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation were prominent features of irreversible injury with reflow at 40 min but were not noted after 90 min of ischemia in areas with poor perfusion. These results suggest that 40 min of ischemia were tolerated by the capillary bed of the dog heart without serious capillary damage or perfusion defects, but that 90 min of ischemic injury was associated with the "no-reflow" phenomenon, i.e., failure to achieve uniform reperfusion. This failure of reflow was associated with extensive capillary damage and myocardial cell swelling. Death of severely ischemic myocardial cells in this model occurs before the onset of capillary damage and the no-reflow phenomenon.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1172/jci107898

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Some sources of error in measuring regional blood flow with radioactive microspheres.
Buckberg, G. D., Luck, J. C., Payne, D. B., Hoffman, J. I. E., Archie, J. P., & Fixler, D. E. (1971) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1971.31.4.598 · Cited by 1,132
Myocardial calcium and magnesium in acute ischemic injury.
Shen, A. C., & Jennings, R. B. (1972) · PubMed · Cited by 629
Self-citation
Kinetics of calcium accumulation in acute myocardial ischemic injury.
Shen, A. C., & Jennings, R. B. (1972) · PubMed Central · Cited by 507
Self-citation
The Role of Cell Swelling in Ischemic Renal Damage and the Protective Effect of Hypertonic Solute
Flores, J., DiBona, D. R., Beck, C. H., & Leaf, A. (1972) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci106781 · Cited by 452
Effect of a transient period of ischemia on myocardial cells. II. Fine structure during the first few minutes of reflow.
Kloner, R. A., Ganote, C. E., Whalen, D. A., & Jennings, R. B. (1974) · PubMed Central · Cited by 430
Self-citation
Effect of a transient period of ischemia on myocardial cells. I. Effects on cell volume regulation.
Whalen, D. A., Hamilton, D. G., Ganote, C. E., & Jennings, R. B. (1974) · PubMed Central · Cited by 357
Self-citation
Cerebral ischemia. III. Vascular changes.
Chiang, J., Kowada, M., Ames, A., Wright, R., & Majno, G. (1968) · PubMed Central · Cited by 336
Blood Supply of the Myocardium after Temporary Coronary Occlusion
Krug, A., de Rochemont, W. D. M., & Korb, G. (1966) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.19.1.57 · Cited by 288
Cell Swelling
Leaf, A. (1973) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.48.3.455 · Cited by 269
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FINE STRUCTURE OF NORMAL AND ISCHEMIC DOG MYOCARDIUM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EARLY CHANGES FOLLOWING TEMPORARY OCCLUSION OF A CORONARY ARTERY.
Herdson, P. B., Sommers, H. M., & Jennings, R. B. (1965) · PubMed · Cited by 219
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 25 references

1 of the 25 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Kloner, R. A., C. E. Ganote, K. A. Reimer, and R. B. Jennings. 1974. Coronary flow during acute myocardial ischemia. Fed. Proc. 33: 592. (Abstr.)
Rasmussen, M. M., K. A. Reimer, and R. B. Jennings. 1974. Propranolol therapy in experimental myocardial ischemia. Fed. Proc. 33: 591. (Abstr.) 1508

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 999

Impact of early vs. late microvascular obstruction assessed by magnetic resonance imaging on long-term outcome after ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a comparison with traditional prognostic markers
de Waha, S., Desch, S., Eitel, I., Fuernau, G. F., Zachrau, J., Leuschner, A., Gutberlet, M., Schuler, G., & Thiele, H. (2010) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq247 · Cited by 230
Myocardial Hemorrhage After Acute Reperfused ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Carrick, D., Haig, C. E., Ahmed, N., McEntegart, M. B., Petrie, M. C., Eteiba, H., Hood, S., Watkins, S., Lindsay, M. M., Davie, A. P., et al. (2016) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.115.004148 · Cited by 230
Coronary microvascular injury in myocardial infarction: perception and knowledge for mitochondrial quality control
Chang, X., Lochner, A., Wang, H.-H., Wang, S., Zhu, H., Ren, J. T., & Zhou, H. (2021) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.60143 · Cited by 231
KATPChannels in the Cardiovascular System
Foster, M. N., & Coetzee, W. A. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00003.2015 · Cited by 233
Granulocytes cause reperfusion ventricular dysfunction after 15-minute ischemia in the dog.
Engler, R. L., & Covell, J. W. (1987) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.61.1.20 · Cited by 227
Assessment of Myocardial Reperfusion by Intravenous Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography and Coronary Flow Reserve After Primary Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angiography in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Lepper, W., Hoffmann, R., Otto Kamp, B., Franke, A., de Cock, C. C., Kühl, H. P., Sieswerda, G. T., Dahl, J. V., Janssens, U., Voci, P., et al. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.20.2368 · Cited by 226
The no-reflow phenomenon: A basic mechanism of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion
Reffelmann, T., & Kloner, R. A. (2006) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-006-0615-2 · Cited by 225
Self-citation
Optimized Treatment of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Niccoli, G., Montone, R. A., Ibáñez, B., Thiele, H., Crea, F., Heusch, G., Bulluck, H., Hausenloy, D. J., Berry, C., Stiermaier, T., et al. (2019) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.119.315344 · Cited by 227
Contribution of No-reflow phenomenon to hepatic injury after ischemia-reperfusion: Evidence for a role for superoxide anion
Koo, A., Komatsu, H., Tao, G., Inoue, M., Guth, P. H., & Kaplowitz, N. (1992) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840150325 · Cited by 221
Pathophysiology of Acute Myocardial Infarction
BURKE, A. P., & Virmani, R. (2007) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2007.03.005 · Cited by 220
Prolonged impairment of coronary vasodilation after reversible ischemia. Evidence for microvascular "stunning".
Bolli, R., Triana, J. F., & Jeroudi, M. O. (1990) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.67.2.332 · Cited by 219
Calcium out of control
Poole-Wilson, P. A., Harding, D. P., Bourdillon, P. D. V., & Tones, M. A. (1984) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(84)80706-3 · Cited by 213
Sites and Mechanisms of Localization of Technetium-99m Phosphorus Radiopharmaceuticals in Acute Myocardial Infarcts and other Tissues
Buja, L. M., Tofe, A. J., Kulkarni, P. V., Mukherjee, A., Parkey, R. W., Francis, M. D., Bonte, F. J., & Willerson, J. T. (1977) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci108825 · Cited by 211
"Reperfusion injury" by oxygen-derived free radicals? Effect of superoxide dismutase plus catalase, given at the time of reperfusion, on myocardial infarct size, contractile function, coronary microvasculature, and regional myocardial blood flow.
Przyklenk, K., & Kloner, R. A. (1989) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.64.1.86 · Cited by 210
Self-citation
Myocardial consequences of reperfusion
Becker, L. C., & Ambrosio, G. (1987) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/0033-0620(87)90009-0 · Cited by 208
The powerful microbubble: from bench to bedside, from intravascular indicator to therapeutic delivery system, and beyond
Feinstein, S. B. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00134.2004 · Cited by 206
Coronary no‐reflow phenomenon: From the experimental laboratory to the cardiac catheterization laboratory
Rezkalla, S. H., & Kloner, R. A. (2008) · Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1002/ccd.21715 · Cited by 205
Self-citation
PI 3-kinase regulates the mitochondrial transition pore in controlled reperfusion and postconditioning
Bopassa, J. C., Ferrera, R., Gateau-Roesch, O., Couture-Lepetit, E., & Ovize, M. (2005) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.07.014 · Cited by 205
The significance of persistent ST elevation versus early resolution of ST segment elevation after primary PTCA
Matetzky, S., Novikov, M., Gruberg, L., Freimark, D., Feinberg, M. S., Elian, D., Novikov, I., Segni, E. D., Agranat, O., Har‐Zahav, Y., et al. (1999) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00466-0 · Cited by 205
Thrombolytic Therapy
Laffel, G. L., & D, E. B. M. (1984) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198409133111105 · Cited by 205
Magnetic resonance imaging-defined areas of microvascular obstruction after acute myocardial infarction represent microvascular destruction and haemorrhage
Robbers, L. F. H. J., Eerenberg, E. S., Teunissen, P. F. A., Jansen, M. F., Hollander, M. R., Horrevoets, A. J. G., Knaapen, P., Nijveldt, R., Heymans, M. W., Levi, M. M., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht100 · Cited by 202
Excitation-contraction coupling in postischemic myocardium. Does failure of activator Ca2+ transients underlie stunning?
Kusuoka, H., Koretsune, Y., Chacko, V. P., Weisfeldt, M. L., & Marbán, E. (1990) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.66.5.1268 · Cited by 200
Exacerbation of Cerebral Injury in Mice That Express the P-Selectin Gene
Connolly, E. S., Winfree, C. J., Prestigiacomo, C. J., KIM, S. C., Choudhri, T. F., Hoh, B. L., Naka, Y., Solomon, R. A., & Pinsky, D. J. (1997) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.81.3.304 · Cited by 195
Failure of superoxide dismutase to limit size of myocardial infarction after 40 minutes of ischemia and 4 days of reperfusion in dogs.
Uraizee, A., Reimer, K. A., Murry, C. E., & Jennings, R. B. (1987) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.75.6.1237 · Cited by 197
Self-citation
Endothelial and myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfusion: Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications
Forman, M. B., Puett, D. W., & Virmani, R. (1989) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(89)90526-3 · Cited by 197
The possible role of hemorheology in atherothrombogenesis
Köenig, W., & Ernst, E. (1992) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(92)90234-8 · Cited by 196
Iloprost inhibits neutrophil function in vitro and in vivo and limits experimental infarct size in canine heart.
Simpson, P. J., Mickelson, J. K., Fantone, J. C., Gallagher, K. P., & Lucchesi, B. R. (1987) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.60.5.666 · Cited by 196
Predictive factors for development of the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with reperfused anterior wall acute myocardial infarction
Iwakura, K., Ito, H., Kawano, S., Shintani, Y., Yamamoto, K. I., Kato, A., Ikushima, M., Tanaka, K., Kitakaze, M., Hori, M., et al. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01405-x · Cited by 194
Acute Myocardial Infarction: Evaluation with First-Pass Enhancement and Delayed Enhancement MR Imaging Compared with201Tl SPECT Imaging
Lund, G., Stork, A., Saeed, M. M., Bansmann, M. P., Gerken, J. H., Müller, V., Mester, J., Higgins, C. B., Adam, G., & Meinertz, T. (2004) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2321031127 · Cited by 193
Combined prognostic utility of ST-segment recovery and myocardial blush after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction
Sorajja, P., Gersh, B. J., Costantini, C., McLaughlin, M. G., ZIMETBAUM, P. J., Cox, D. A., Garcı́a, E., Tcheng, J. E., Mehran, R., Lansky, A. J., et al. (2005) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi167 · Cited by 193
Temporal dependence of beneficial effects of coronary thrombolysis characterized by positron tomography
Bergmann, S. R., Lerch, R. A., Fox, K. A. A., Ludbrook, P. A., Welch, M. J., Ter‐Pogossian, M. M., & Sobel, B. E. (1982) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(82)90338-2 · Cited by 192
Microemboli and Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Coronary Thrombosis and Sudden Coronary Death
Schwartz, R. S., BURKE, A. P., Farb, A. A., Kaye, D. M., Lesser, J. R., Henry, T. D., & Virmani, R. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.042 · Cited by 190
Reduction of the size of infarction by allopurinol in the ischemic-reperfused canine heart.
Werns, S. W., Shea, M. J., Mitsos, S. E., Dysko, R. C., Fantone, J. C., Schork, M. A., Abrams, G. D., Pitt, B., & Lucchesi, B. R. (1986) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.73.3.518 · Cited by 190
Endothelial catabolism of extracellular adenosine during hypoxia: the role of surface adenosine deaminase and CD26
Eltzschig, H. K., Faigle, M., Knapp, S., Karhausen, J., Ibla, J. C., Rosenberger, P., Odegard, K. C., Laussen, P. C., Thompson, L. F., & Colgan, S. P. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-02-001016 · Cited by 188
Lipid-rich plaque and myocardial perfusion after successful stenting in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: an optical coherence tomography study
Tanaka, A., Imanishi, T., Kitabata, H., Kubo, T., Takarada, S., Tanimoto, T., Kuroi, A., Tsujioka, H., Ikejima, H., Komukai, K., et al. (2009) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp122 · Cited by 187
Endothelial control of vascular tone in large and small coronary arteries
Lüscher, T. F., Richard, V. J., Tschudi, M. R., Yang, Z., & Boulanger, C. M. (1990) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(90)90619-z · Cited by 187
Coronary arterial reperfusion. III. Early and late effects on regional myocardial function and dimensions in conscious dogs
Théroux, P., Ross, J., FRANKLIN, D. L., Kemper, W. S., & Sasayama, S. (1976) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(76)80009-4 · Cited by 185
Clinical significance of no-reflow phenomenon observed on angiography after successful treatment of acute myocardial infarction with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Morishima, I., Sone, T., Mokuno, S., Taga, S., Shimauchi, A., Oki, Y., Kondo, J., Tsuboi, H., & Sassa, H. (1995) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(95)90434-4 · Cited by 184
Scintigraphic evidence of the “No reflow” phenomenon in human beings after coronary thrombolysis
Schofer, J. J., Montz, R., & Mathey, D. G. (1985) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(85)80381-8 · Cited by 183
Reduction of myocardial reperfusion injury by intravenous adenosine administered during the early reperfusion period.
Pitarys, C. J., Virmani, R., Vildibill, H. D., Jackson, E. K., & Forman, M. B. (1991) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.83.1.237 · Cited by 182
The no-reflow phenomenon: State of the art
Bouleti, C., Mewton, N., & Germain, S. (2015) · Archives of cardiovascular diseases · doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2015.09.006 · Cited by 181
Studies of controlled reperfusion after ischemia
Acar, C., Partington, M. T., & Buckberg, G. D. (1990) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(19)35470-4 · Cited by 181
CMR of microvascular obstruction and hemorrhage in myocardial infarction
Wu, K. C. (2012) · Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1186/1532-429x-14-68 · Cited by 179
Ischemia-reperfusion impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary microvessels but does not affect large arteries.
Quillen, J. E., Sellke, F. W., Brooks, L. A., & Harrison, D. G. (1990) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.82.2.586 · Cited by 176
Predictive Factors and Impact of No Reflow After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Ndrepepa, G., Tiroch, K. A., Keta, D., Fusaro, M., Seyfarth, M., Pache, J., Mehilli, J., Schömig, A., & Kastrati, A. (2010) · Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1161/circinterventions.109.896225 · Cited by 175
Coronary no reflow
Schwartz, B. G., & Kloner, R. A. (2011) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.06.009 · Cited by 170
Self-citation
Intramyocardial haemorrhage after acute myocardial infarction
Betgem, R. P., de Waard, G. A., Nijveldt, R., Beek, A. M., Escaned, J., & van Royen, N. (2014) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.188 · Cited by 168
Myocardial reperfusion injury and oxidative stress: Therapeutic opportunities
González‐Montero, J., Brito, R., Gajardo, A. I. J., & Rodrigo, R. (2018) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v10.i9.74 · Cited by 174
Abnormal myocardial fluid retention as an early manifestation of ischemic injury.
Willerson, J. T., Scales, F., Mukherjee, A., Platt, M. R., Templeton, G. H., Fink, G. S., & Buja, L. M. (1977) · PubMed Central · Cited by 168
Impaired Myocardial Tissue Perfusion Early After Successful Thrombolysis
Maes, A., de Werf, F. V., Nuyts, J. L., Bormans, G. M., Desmet, W. J., & Mortelmans, L. A. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.8.2072 · Cited by 168
INTENSE MICROVASCULAR CONSTRICTION AFTER ANGIOPLASTY OF ACUTE THROMBOTIC CORONARY ARTERIAL LESIONS
Wilson, R., Lesser, J., Laxson, D. D., & White, C. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92271-x · Cited by 167
Intracoronary adenosine administered after reperfusion limits vascular injury after prolonged ischemia in the canine model.
Babbitt, D. G., Virmani, R., & Forman, M. B. (1989) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.80.5.1388 · Cited by 163
Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography
Kaul, S. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.10.3745 · Cited by 163
A fresh look at coronary microembolization
Kleinbongard, P., & Heusch, G. (2021) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-021-00632-2 · Cited by 169
Intracoronary Thrombectomy With the X-Sizer Catheter System Improves Epicardial Flow and Accelerates ST-Segment Resolution in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Beran, G., Lang, I. M., Schreiber, W., Denk, S., Stefenelli, T., Syeda, B., Maurer, G., Glogar, D., & Siostrzonek, P. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000016350.02669.1d · Cited by 161
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Dorweiler, B., Pruefer, D., Andrási, T. B., Maksan, S. M., Schmiedt, W., Neufang, A., & Vahl, C. F. (2007) · European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00068-007-7152-z · Cited by 164
Interaction of Cardiovascular Nonmodifiable Risk Factors, Comorbidities and Comedications With Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection by Pharmacological Treatments and Ischemic Conditioning
Ferdinandy, P., Andreadou, I., Baxter, G. F., Bøtker, H. E., Davidson, S. M., Dobrev, D., Gersh, B. J., Heusch, G., Lecour, S., Ruiz‐Meana, M., et al. (2022) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.121.000348 · Cited by 170
Reperfusion haemorrhage as determined by cardiovascular MRI is a predictor of adverse left ventricular remodelling and markers of late arrhythmic risk
Mather, A. N., Fairbairn, T. A., Ball, S. G., Greenwood, J. P., & Plein, S. (2010) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.202028 · Cited by 159
The effect of streptokinase on intramyocardial hemorrhage, infarct size, and the no-reflow phenomenon during coronary reperfusion.
Kloner, R. A., & Alker, K. J. (1984) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.70.3.513 · Cited by 158
Self-citation
Capillary pericytes mediate coronary no-reflow after myocardial ischaemia
O’Farrell, F. M., Mastitskaya, S., Hammond‐Haley, M., Freitas, F., Wah, W. R., & Attwell, D. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.29280 · Cited by 161
Endothelial, platelet and leukocyte interactions in ischemic heart disease: Insights into potential mechanisms and their clinical relevance
DINERMAN, J. L., & Mehta, J. L. (1990) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(90)90481-4 · Cited by 155
Prostacyclin protects ischemic reperfused myocardium in the dog by inhibition of neutrophil activation
Simpson, P. J., Mitsos, S. E., Ventura, A., Gallagher, K. P., Fantone, J. C., Abrams, G. D., Schork, M. A., & Lucchesi, B. R. (1987) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(87)90020-2 · Cited by 155
Microvasculature in Acute Myocardial Ischemia: Part II
Kaul, S., & Ito, H. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000111583.89777.f9 · Cited by 154
Inflammation in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Underlying Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Francisco, J. J., & Re, D. P. D. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12111944 · Cited by 165
STUDIES OF CONTROLLED REPERFUSION AFTER ISCHEMIA
Allen, B. S., Okamoto, F., Buckberg, G. D., Bugyi, H. I., Young, H., Leaf, J. D., Beyersdorf, F., Sjöstrand, F. S., & Maloney, J. V. (1986) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(19)36513-4 · Cited by 153
Protection Against Myocardial Infarction and No-Reflow Through Preservation of Vascular Integrity by Angiopoietin-Like 4
Galaup, A., Perdiguero, E. G., Souktani, R., Durand, M., Cazes, A., Monnot, C., Teillon, J., Jan, S. L., Bouleti, C., Briois, G., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.049072 · Cited by 160
No‐Reflow Phenomenon Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Incidence, Outcome, and Effect of Pharmacologic Therapy
Rezkalla, S. H., Dharmashankar, K., Abdalrahman, I. B., & Kloner, R. A. (2010) · Journal of Interventional Cardiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8183.2010.00561.x · Cited by 150
Self-citation
Effect of Low-Dose Intracoronary Alteplase During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Microvascular Obstruction in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
McCartney, P. J., Eteiba, H., Maznyczka, A., McEntegart, M. B., Greenwood, J. P., Muir, D. F., Chowdhary, S., Gershlick, A., Appleby, C. E., Cotton, J. M., et al. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.19802 · Cited by 150
Effects of myocardial ischemia on quantitative ultrasonic backscatter and identification of responsible determinants.
Mimbs, J. W., Bauwens, D., Cohen, R. D., O’Donnell, M. P., Miller, J. G., & Sobel, B. E. (1981) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.49.1.89 · Cited by 150
Efforts to Limit the Size of Myocardial Infarcts
Rude, R. E., Muller, J. E., & D, E. B. M. (1981) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-95-6-736 · Cited by 150
Functional coronary microvascular injury evident as increased permeability due to brief ischemia and reperfusion
Dauber, I. M., VanBenthuysen, K. M., McMurtry, I. F., Wheeler, G. S., Lesnefsky, E. J., Horwitz, L. D., & Weil, J. V. (1990) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.66.4.986 · Cited by 149
Temporal Changes in Myocardial Perfusion Patterns in Patients With Reperfused Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction
Ito, H., Iwakura, K., Oh, H., Masuyama, T., Hori, M., Higashino, Y., Fujii, K., & Minamino, T. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.91.3.656 · Cited by 147
Impaired canine coronary vasodilator response to acetylcholine and bradykinin after occlusion-reperfusion.
Mehta, J. L., Nichols, W. W., Donnelly, W. H., Lawson, D. L., & Saldeen, T. G. P. (1989) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.64.1.43 · Cited by 146
Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium: Ultrastructural and histochemical aspects
Schaper, J., & Schaper, W. K. A. (1983) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(83)80106-5 · Cited by 145
Calcium-mediated damage during post-ischaemic reperfusion
Nayler, W. G. (1988) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0022-2828(88)90331-8 · Cited by 142
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Recent Myocardial Infarction or Suspected or Known Coronary Artery Disease
Aidi, H. E., Adams, A. L. L., Moons, K. G. M., den Ruijter, H. M., Mali, W. P. T. M., Doevendans, P. A., Nagel, E. C., Schalla, S. M., Bots, M. L., & Leiner, T. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.048 · Cited by 142
Assessment of risk area during coronary occlusion and infarct size after reperfusion with myocardial contrast echocardiography using left and right atrial injections of contrast.
Villanueva, F. S., Glasheen, W. P., Sklenar, J., & Kaul, S. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.2.596 · Cited by 141
Treatment of no-reflow in degenerated saphenous vein graft interventions: Comparison of intracoronary verapamil and nitroglycerin
Kaplan, B. M., Benzuly, K. H., Kinn, J. W., Bowers, T. R., Tilli, F. V., Grines, C. L., O’Neill, W. W., & Safian, R. D. (1996) · Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0304(199610)39:2 · Cited by 140
Infarct size reduction by propranolol before and after coronary ligation in dogs.
Rasmussen, M. M., Reimer, K. A., Kloner, R. A., & Jennings, R. B. (1977) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.56.5.794 · Cited by 140
Self-citation
Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells enhances regional perfusion and improves ventricular function in a porcine model of myocardial infarction
Halkos, M. E., Zhao, Z., Kerendi, F., Wang, N.-P., Jiang, R., Schmarkey, L. S., Martin, B. J., Quyyumi, A. A., Few, W. L., Kin, H., et al. (2008) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-008-0741-0 · Cited by 140
Effects of Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction on Early and Late Infarct Size and Left Ventricular Wall Characteristics
Baks, T., van Geuns, R., Biagini, E., Wielopolski, P. A., Mollet, N. R., Cademartiri, F., van der Giessen, W. J., Krestin, G. P., Serruys, P. W. J. C., Duncker, D. J., et al. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.09.008 · Cited by 139
Health position paper and redox perspectives on reactive oxygen species as signals and targets of cardioprotection
Heusch, G., Andreadou, I., Bell, R., Bertero, E., Bøtker, H. E., Davidson, S. M., Downey, J. M., Eaton, P., Ferdinandy, P., Gersh, B. J., et al. (2023) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2023.102894 · Cited by 141
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore and postconditioning
Gateau-Roesch, O., Argaud, L., & Ovize, M. (2006) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.02.024 · Cited by 139
Temporal Evolution of Myocardial Hemorrhage and Edema in Patients After Acute ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Pathophysiological Insights and Clinical Implications
Carrick, D., Haig, C. E., Ahmed, N., Rauhalammi, S. M. O., Clerfond, G., Carberry, J., Mordi, I. R., McEntegart, M. B., Petrie, M. C., Eteiba, H., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.002834 · Cited by 137
Assessment of “microvascular no-reflow phenomenon” using technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin scintigraphy in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Kondo, M., Nakano, A., Saito, D., & Shimono, Y. (1998) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00435-5 · Cited by 137
Complications of free flap transfers for head and neck reconstruction following cancer resection
Genden, E. M., Rinaldo, A., Suarez, C. M., Wei, W., Bradley, P. J., & Ferlito, A. (2004) · Oral Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.01.012 · Cited by 137
Nitric Oxide and Cardioprotection During Ischemia-Reperfusion
Jugdutt, B. I. (2002) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1023/a:1020718619155 · Cited by 134
Microvascular reperfusion injury: rapid expansion of anatomic no reflow during reperfusion in the rabbit
Reffelmann, T., & Kloner, R. A. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00270.2002 · Cited by 135
Self-citation
Ability of the no-reflow phenomenon during an acute myocardial infarction to predict left ventricular dysfunction at one-month follow-up
Kenner, M. D., Zajac, E. J., Kondos, G. T., Dave, R. H., Winkelmann, J. W., Joftus, J., Laucevičius, A., Kybarskis, A., Berūkštis, E., Urbonas, A., et al. (1995) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80250-1 · Cited by 134
Coronary no-reflow is caused by shedding of active tissue factor from dissected atherosclerotic plaque
Bonderman, D., Teml, A., Jakowitsch, J., Adlbrecht, C., Gyöngyösi, M., Sperker, W., Lass, H., Mosgoeller, W., Glogar, D. H., Probst, P., et al. (2002) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v99.8.2794 · Cited by 133
Role of Endothelial Cells in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Singhal, A. K., Symons, J. D., Boudina, S., Jaishy, B. P., & Shiu, Y.-T. E. (2010) · Vascular Disease Prevention · doi:10.2174/1874120701007010001 · Cited by 133
A Hypothesis for the Cause of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome-Type I (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy): Pain Due to Deep-Tissue Microvascular Pathology
Coderre, T. J., & Bennett, G. J. (2010) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00911.x · Cited by 131
Progressive failure of coronary flow during reperfusion of myocardial infarction: Documentation of the no reflow phenomenon with positron emission tomography
Jeremy, R., Links, J. M., & Becker, L. C. (1990) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(90)90362-s · Cited by 131
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Delineates the Ischemic Area at Risk and Myocardial Salvage in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Berry, C., Kellman, P., Mancini, C., Chen, M. Y., Bandettini, W. P., Lowrey, T., Hsu, L., Aletras, A. H., & Arai, A. E. (2010) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.109.900761 · Cited by 129
Determinants and impact of microvascular obstruction in successfully reperfused ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Assessment by magnetic resonance imaging
Bogaert, J. G., Kalantzi, M. V., Rademakers, F. E., Dymarkowski, S., & Janssens, S. P. (2007) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-007-0627-9 · Cited by 128
Treatment with deferoxamine during ischemia improves functional and metabolic recovery and reduces reperfusion-induced oxygen radical generation in rabbit hearts.
Williams, R. E., Zweier, J. L., & Flaherty, J. T. (1991) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.83.3.1006 · Cited by 128
Peripheral intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography using a 2% dodecafluoropentane emulsion: Identification of myocardial risk area and infarct size in the canine model of ischemia
Grayburn, P. A., Erickson, J. M., Escobar, J., Womack, L., & Velasco, C. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00306-1 · Cited by 128
There May Be More to Myocardial Viability Than Meets the Eye!
Kaul, S. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.10.2790 · Cited by 128
No-Reflow Phenomenon: Maintaining Vascular Integrity
Kloner, R. A. (2011) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/1074248411405990 · Cited by 127
Self-citation
Intramyocardial haemorrhage and prognosis after ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Reinstadler, S. J., Stiermaier, T., Reindl, M., Feistritzer, H., Fuernau, G. F., Eitel, C., Desch, S., Klug, G., Thiele, H., Metzler, B., et al. (2018) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1093/ehjci/jey101 · Cited by 127

Authors: Kloner, R. A., Ganote, C. E., & Jennings, R. B.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
ORCID: Kloner, Robert A.
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 1974-12-01
Volume: 54
Issue: 6
Pages: 1496-1508
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1172/jci107898
PMC: PMC301706
OpenAlex: W2140233303
Cited by: 1,842
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 55
FWCI: 12.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Heart and Lung Institute
National Institutes of Health
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Keywords: no-reflow phenomenon, myocardial ischemia, myocardial reperfusion, capillary damage, irreversible myocardial injury, coronary artery occlusion, thioflavin S, fibrin thrombi, mitochondrial calcium accumulation, contraction bands, ischemic tolerance
MeSH terms: Animals, Capillaries, Carbon, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Disease, Coronary Vessels, Dogs, Erythrocytes, Female, Fluorescence, Fluorescent Dyes, Ischemia, Male, Microcirculation, Microscopy, Electron, Mitochondria, Muscle, Myocardium, Papillary Muscles, Staining and Labeling, Thiazoles, Time Factors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The “No-Reflow” Phenomenon after Temporary Coronary Occlusion in the Dog

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks