The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Vitamin C crosses the blood-brain barrier in the oxidized form through the glucose transporters.
Open accessAbstract
Vitamin C concentrations in the brain exceed those in blood by 10-fold. In both tissues, the vitamin is present primarily in the reduced form, ascorbic acid. We identified the chemical form of vitamin C that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, and the mechanism of this process. Ascorbic acid was not able to cross the blood-brain barrier in our studies. In contrast, the oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbic acid (oxidized ascorbic acid), readily entered the brain and was retained in the brain tissue in the form of ascorbic acid. Transport of dehydroascorbic acid into the brain was inhibited by d-glucose, but not by l-glucose. The facilitative glucose transporter, GLUT1, is expressed on endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier, and is responsible for glucose entry into the brain. This study provides evidence showing that GLUT1 also transports dehydroascorbic acid into the brain. The findings define the transport of dehydroascorbic acid by GLUT1 as a mechanism by which the brain acquires vitamin C, and point to the oxidation of ascorbic acid as a potentially important regulatory step in accumulation of the vitamin by the brain. These results have implications for increasing antioxidant potential in the central nervous system.
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Cites
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“GLUT1 is expressed on endothelial cells at the blood–brain barrier, and is responsible for glucose transport into the brain (32, 33).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe biochemical functions of ascorbic acid
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Mammalian facilitative hexose transporters mediate the transport of dehydroascorbic acid
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Cited by
A family of mammalian Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters
Tsukaguchi, H., Tokui, T., Mackenzie, B., Berger, U. V., Chen, X.-Z., Wang, Y., Brubaker, R. F., & Hediger, M. A. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/19986 · Cited by 882
Vitamin C: The known and the unknown and Goldilocks
Padayatty, S., & Levine, M. (2016) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.12446 · Cited by 753
Vitamin C function in the brain: Vital role of the ascorbate transporter SVCT2
Harrison, F. E., & May, J. M. (2009) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.018 · Cited by 661
Glucose transporters in brain in health and disease
Koepsell, H. (2020) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-020-02441-x · Cited by 558
New developments and novel therapeutic perspectives for vitamin C
Li, Y., & Schellhorn, H. E. (2007) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/137.10.2171 · Cited by 508
Metadata
- Authors
- Agus, D. B., Gambhir, S. S., Pardridge, W. M., Spielholz, C., Baselga, J., Vera, J. C., & Golde, D. W.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1997-12-01
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2842-2848
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2077538054
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 39
- FWCI
- 4.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Agus, D. B., Gambhir, S. S., Pardridge, W. M., Spielholz, C., Baselga, J., Vera, J. C., & Golde, D. W. (1997). Vitamin C crosses the blood-brain barrier in the oxidized form through the glucose transporters. Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci119832
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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