D-β-Hydroxybutyrate rescues mitochondrial respiration and mitigates features of Parkinson disease

Chronic Parkinsonism in Humans Due to a Product of Meperidine-Analog Synthesis

Langston, J. W., Ballard, P., Tetrud, J. W., & Irwin, I. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6823561 · Cited by 4,914

Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency in Parkinson's Disease

Schapira, A. H. V., Cooper, J. M., Dexter, D., Clark, J. B., Jenner, P., & Marsden, C. D. (1990) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb02325.x · Cited by 2,283

Brain Metabolism during Fasting*

Owen, O. E., Morgan, A. P., Kemp, H. G., Sullivan, J. M., Herrera, M. G., & Cahill, G. F. (1967) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105650 · Cited by 1,662

Inhibition of NADH-linked oxidation in brain mitochondria by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine, a metabolite of the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine

Nicklas, W. J., Vyas, I. L., & Heikkila, R. E. (1985) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(85)90146-8 · Cited by 1,273

Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 -tetrahydropyridine: uptake of the metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine by dopamine neurons explains selective toxicity.

Javitch, J. A., D’Amato, R. J., Strittmatter, S. M., & Snyder, S. H. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.7.2173 · Cited by 1,264

Generation of reactive oxygen species by the mitochondrial electron transport chain

Liu, Y., Fiskum, G., & Schubert, D. (2002) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.0022-3042.2002.00744.x · Cited by 1,260

Abnormalities of the electron transport chain in idiopathic parkinson's disease

Parker, W. D., Boyson, S. J., & Parks, J. K. (1989) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410260606 · Cited by 1,061

Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease

Liberatore, G. T., Jackson-Lewis, V., Vukosavic, S., Mandir, A. S., Vila, M., McAuliffe, W. G., Dawson, V. L., Dawson, T. M., & Przedborski, S. (1999) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/70978 · Cited by 1,046

Protection against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine by monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Heikkila, R. E., Manzino, L., Cabbat, F. S., & Duvoisin, R. C. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/311467a0 · Cited by 1,010

Intermittent fasting dissociates beneficial effects of dietary restriction on glucose metabolism and neuronal resistance to injury from calorie intake

Anson, R. M., Guo, Z., de Cabo, R., Iyun, T., Rios, M., Hagepanos, A., Ingram, D. K., Lane, M. A., & Mattson, M. P. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1035720100 · Cited by 732

Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson’s disease therapy

Haney, M. J., Klyachko, N. L., Zhao, Y., Gupta, R., Plotnikova, E. G., He, Z., Patel, T., Piroyan, A., Sokolsky, M., Kabanov, A. V., et al. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.033 · Cited by 2,009

Multi-dimensional Roles of Ketone Bodies in Fuel Metabolism, Signaling, and Therapeutics

Puchalska, P., & Crawford, P. A. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.022 · Cited by 1,682

A microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) based bio- and materials industry

Chen, G. (2009) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/b812677c · Cited by 1,342

Mitochondrial dysfunction: mechanisms and advances in therapy

Yao, Z., Li, H., Liao, P., Chen, L., Pan, Y., Zheng, Y., Zhang, C., Liu, D., Zheng, M., & Gao, J. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01839-8 · Cited by 1,382

Protocol for the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Jackson-Lewis, V. R., & Przedborski, S. (2007) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.342 · Cited by 1,151

Brain energy rescue: an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing

Cunnane, S. C., Trushina, E., Morland, C., Prigione, A., Casadesus, G., Andrews, Z. B., Beal, M. F., Bergersen, L. H., Brinton, R. D., de la Monte, S., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-020-0072-x · Cited by 1,003

Ketone bodies as signaling metabolites

Newman, J. C., & Verdin, E. (2014) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2013.09.002 · Cited by 966

NAD+ in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Lautrup, S., Sinclair, D. A., Mattson, M. P., & Fang, E. F. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.09.001 · Cited by 790

Brain metabolism in health, aging, and neurodegeneration

Camandola, S., & Mattson, M. P. (2017) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201695810 · Cited by 752

Exercise promotes the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through the action of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate

Sleiman, S. F., Henry, J., Al-Haddad, R., El Hayek, L., Abou Haidar, E., Stringer, T., Ulja, D., Karuppagounder, S. S., Holson, E. B., Ratan, R. R., et al. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.15092 · Cited by 810

Mitochondrial Aβ: a potential focal point for neuronal metabolic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease

Caspersen, C., Wang, N., Yao, J., Sosunov, A., Chen, X., Lustbader, J. W., Xu, H. W., Stern, D., McKhann, G., & Du Yan, S. (2005) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.05-3735fje · Cited by 738

Intermittent metabolic switching, neuroplasticity and brain health

Mattson, M. P., Moehl, K., Ghena, N., Schmaedick, M., & Cheng, A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.156 · Cited by 624

The neuroprotective properties of calorie restriction, the ketogenic diet, and ketone bodies

Maalouf, M., Rho, J. M., & Mattson, M. P. (2008) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.09.002 · Cited by 584

Study of the ketogenic agent AC-1202 in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial

Henderson, S. T., Vogel, J. L., Barr, L. J., Garvin, F., Jones, J. J., & Costantini, L. C. (2009) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-6-31 · Cited by 548

A Guide to Neurotoxic Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease

Tieu, K. (2011) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a009316 · Cited by 483

DJ-1 gene deletion reveals that DJ-1 is an atypical peroxiredoxin-like peroxidase

Andrés‐Mateos, E., Perier, C., Zhang, L., Blanchard-Fillion, B., Greco, T. M., Thomas, B., Ko, H. S., Sasaki, M., Ischiropoulos, H., Przedborski, S., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0703219104 · Cited by 478

Ketones inhibit mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species production following glutamate excitotoxicity by increasing NADH oxidation

Maalouf, M., Sullivan, P. G., Davis, L. M., Kim, D., & Rho, J. M. (2007) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.11.065 · Cited by 477

Effects of Ketone Bodies on Brain Metabolism and Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Jensen, N. J., Wodschow, H. Z., Nilsson, M., & Rungby, J. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21228767 · Cited by 450

The β-hydroxybutyrate receptor HCA2 activates a neuroprotective subset of macrophages

Rahman, M., Muhammad, S., Khan, M. A., Chen, H., Ridder, D. A., Müller‐Fielitz, H., Pokorná, B., Vollbrandt, T., Stölting, I., Nadrowitz, R., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4944 · Cited by 441

Neuroprotective activities of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease

Reynolds, A. D., Banerjee, R., Liu, J., Gendelman, H. E., & Mosley, R. L. (2007) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0507296 · Cited by 423

Energy metabolism in health and diseases

Liu, H., Wang, S., Wang, J., Guo, X., Song, Y., Fu, K., Gao, Z., Liu, D., He, W., & Yang, L. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02141-x · Cited by 484

Regulatory T Cells Attenuate Th17 Cell-Mediated Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in a Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Reynolds, A. D., Stone, D. K., Hutter-Saunders, J. A. L., Benner, E. J., Mosley, R. L., & Gendelman, H. E. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0901852 · Cited by 417

Ketogenic diet for human diseases: the underlying mechanisms and potential for clinical implementations

Zhu, H., Bi, D., Zhang, Y., Kong, C., Du, J., Wu, X., Wei, Q., & Qin, H. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00831-w · Cited by 412

Neuroprotective and disease-modifying effects of the ketogenic diet

Gasior, M., Rogawski, M. A., & Hartman, A. L. (2006) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00008877-200609000-00009 · Cited by 445

Exercise, diet and stress as modulators of gut microbiota: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases

Gubert, C., Kong, G., Renoir, T., & Hannan, A. J. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104621 · Cited by 387

Ketone Bodies as a Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease

Henderson, S. T. (2008) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.05.004 · Cited by 327

Therapeutic immunization protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Benner, E. J., Mosley, R. L., Destache, C. J., Lewis, T. B., Jackson-Lewis, V. R., Gorantla, S., Nemachek, C., Green, S. R., Przedborski, S., & Gendelman, H. E. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0400569101 · Cited by 321

Complex I deficiency primes Bax-dependent neuronal apoptosis through mitochondrial oxidative damage

Perier, C., Tieu, K., Guégan, C., Caspersen, C. S., Jackson-Lewis, V. R., Carelli, V., Martinuzzi, A., Hirano, M., Przedborski, S., & Vila, M. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0508215102 · Cited by 316

Mitochondrial Biology and Parkinson's DiseasePreprint

Perier, C., & Vila, M. (2011) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a009332 · Cited by 318

Astrocytes as Key Regulators of Brain Energy Metabolism: New Therapeutic Perspectives

Béard, E., Lengacher, S., Dias, S., Magistretti, P. J., & Finsterwald, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.825816 · Cited by 326

Role of ketogenic diets in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease)

Włodarek, D. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11010169 · Cited by 301

Treatment of Parkinson disease with diet-induced hyperketonemia: A feasibility study

VanItallie, T. B., Nonas, C., Rocco, A. D., Boyar, K. L., Hyams, K., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000152046.11390.45 · Cited by 300

Low-fat versus ketogenic diet in Parkinson's disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Phillips, M. C. L., Murtagh, D. K. J., Gilbertson, L. J., Asztely, F. J. S., & Lynch, C. D. P. (2018) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27390 · Cited by 292

Mitochondrial Approaches for Neuroprotection

Chaturvedi, R. K., & Beal, M. F. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1427.027 · Cited by 294

MPTP as a Mitochondrial Neurotoxic Model of Parkinson's Disease

Przedborski, S., Tieu, K., Perier, C., & Vila, M. (2004) · Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes · doi:10.1023/b:jobb.0000041771.66775.d5 · Cited by 289

A ketogenic diet as a potential novel therapeutic intervention in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Zhao, Z., Lange, D. J., Voustianiouk, A., MacGrogan, D., Ho, L., Suh, J., Humala, N., Thiyagarajan, M., Wang, J., & Pasinetti, G. M. (2006) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-7-29 · Cited by 292

Ablation of the Inflammatory Enzyme Myeloperoxidase Mitigates Features of Parkinson's Disease in Mice

Choi, D., Pennathur, S., Perier, C., Tieu, K., Teismann, P., Wu, D.-C., Jackson-Lewis, V. R., Vila, M., Vonsattel, J., Heinecke, J. W., et al. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0970-05.2005 · Cited by 286

Ketogenic diets, mitochondria, and neurological diseases

Gano, L. B., Patel, M., & Rho, J. M. (2014) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r048975 · Cited by 291

Anti-inflammatory effects of BHBA in both in vivo and in vitro Parkinson’s disease models are mediated by GPR109A-dependent mechanisms

Fu, S., Wang, J., Xue, W.-J., Liu, H., Liu, B.-R., Zeng, Y., Li, S., Huang, B., Lv, Q.-K., Wang, W., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0230-3 · Cited by 271

Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ketogenic Diet: New Perspectives for Neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s Disease

Pinto, A., Bonucci, A., Maggi, E., Corsi, M., & Businaro, R. (2018) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox7050063 · Cited by 269

Adaptive responses of neuronal mitochondria to bioenergetic challenges: Roles in neuroplasticity and disease resistance

Raefsky, S. M., & Mattson, M. P. (2016) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.045 · Cited by 280

Neuromelanin Activates Microglia and Induces Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons: Implications for Progression of Parkinson’s Disease

Zhang, W., Phillips, K., Wielgus, A. R., Liu, J., Albertini, A., Zucca, F. A., Faust, R., Qian, S. Y., Miller, D. S., Chignell, C. F., et al. (2011) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-009-9140-z · Cited by 257

Similar Patterns of Mitochondrial Vulnerability and Rescue Induced by Genetic Modification of α-Synuclein, Parkin, and DJ-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans

Ved, R., Saha, S., Westlund, B., Perier, C., Griffin, L. B., Sluder, A. E., Hoener, M. C., Rodrigues, C. M. P., Alfonso, A., Steer, C. J., et al. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m505910200 · Cited by 262

ABAD enhances Aβ‐induced cell stress via mitochondrial dysfunction

Takuma, K., Yao, J., Huang, J., Xu, H., Chen, X., Luddy, J. S., Trillat, A., Stern, D. M., Arancio, O., & Yan, S. S. (2005) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-2582fje · Cited by 254

The ketogenic diet: Uses in epilepsy and other neurologic illnesses

Barañano, K. W., & Hartman, A. L. (2008) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-008-0043-8 · Cited by 239

Sublethal mitochondrial stress with an attendant stoichiometric augmentation of reactive oxygen species may precipitate many of the beneficial alterations in cellular physiology produced by caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, exercise and dietary phytonutrients: “Mitohormesis” for health and vitality

Tapia, P. C. (2005) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.09.009 · Cited by 245

β-Hydroxybutyrate in the Brain: One Molecule, Multiple Mechanisms

Achanta, L. B., & Rae, C. D. (2016) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-016-2099-2 · Cited by 239

Mitochondrial complex I inhibition is not required for dopaminergic neuron death induced by rotenone, MPP + , or paraquat

Choi, W.-S., Kruse, S. E., Palmiter, R. D., & Xia, Z. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0807581105 · Cited by 241

Obesity and aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches

Santos, A. L., & Sinha, S. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101268 · Cited by 249

Drp1 inhibition attenuates neurotoxicity and dopamine release deficits in vivo

Rappold, P. M., Cui, M., Grima, J. C., Fan, R. Z., Bentley, K. L. D. M., Chen, L., Zhuang, X., Bowers, W. J., & Tieu, K. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6244 · Cited by 232

Cerebral Metabolic Adaptation and Ketone Metabolism after Brain Injury

Prins, M. L. (2007) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600543 · Cited by 229

Ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis in response to SGLT2 inhibitors: Basic mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives

Qiu, H., Novikov, A., & Vallon, V. (2017) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2886 · Cited by 227

Ketogenic Diet in Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Paoli, A., Bianco, A., Damiani, E., & Bosco, G. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/474296 · Cited by 221

Role of β-hydroxybutyrate, its polymer poly-β-hydroxybutyrate and inorganic polyphosphate in mammalian health and disease

Dedkova, E. N., & Blatter, L. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00260 · Cited by 227

Dopamine induces soluble α-synuclein oligomers and nigrostriatal degeneration

Mor, D. E., Tsika, E., Mazzulli, J. R., Gould, N. S., Kim, H., Daniels, M. J., Doshi, S., Gupta, P., Grossman, J., Tan, V. X., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4641 · Cited by 226

Crossing epigenetic frontiers: the intersection of novel histone modifications and diseases

Yao, W., Hu, X., & Wang, X. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01918-w · Cited by 257

The Role of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

Dyńka, D., Kowalcze, K., & Paziewska, A. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14235003 · Cited by 245

Beta-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenic NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, attenuates stress-induced behavioral and inflammatory responses

Yamanashi, T., Iwata, M., Kamiya, N., Tsunetomi, K., Kajitani, N., Wada, N., Iitsuka, T., Yamauchi, T., Miura, A., Pu, S., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08055-1 · Cited by 214

The Ketogenic diet: from molecular mechanisms to clinical effects

(2006) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.10.003 · Cited by 213

Ketogenic diet decreases oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial respiratory complex activity

Greco, T., Glenn, T. C., Hovda, D. A., & Prins, M. L. (2016) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x15610584 · Cited by 210

Perturbations in Mitochondrial Dynamics Induced by Human Mutant PINK1 Can Be Rescued by the Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor mdivi-1

Cui, M., Tang, X., Christian, W. V., Yoon, Y., & Tieu, K. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.066662 · Cited by 210

D-beta-hydroxybutyrate extends lifespan in C. elegans

Edwards, C., Canfield, J., Copes, N., Rehan, M., Lipps, D., & Bradshaw, P. C. (2014) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100683 · Cited by 209

Ketone bodies are protective against oxidative stress in neocortical neurons

‍Kim, D. Y., Davis, L. M., Sullivan, P. G., Maalouf, M., Simeone, T. A., van Brederode, J. F. M., & Rho, J. M. (2007) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04483.x · Cited by 207

The ketogenic diet and brain metabolism of amino acids: Relationship to the anticonvulsant effect

Yudkoff, M., Daikhin, Y., Melø, T. M., Nissim, I., Sonnewald, U., & Nissim, I. (2007) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093722 · Cited by 202

Ketone Bodies in Neurological Diseases: Focus on Neuroprotection and Underlying Mechanisms

Yang, H., Shan, W., Zhu, F., Wu, J., & Wang, Q. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00585 · Cited by 205

Nutritional Ketosis and Mitohormesis: Potential Implications for Mitochondrial Function and Human Health

Miller, V. J., Villamena, F. A., & Volek, J. S. (2018) · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1155/2018/5157645 · Cited by 205

The role of dietary coconut for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease: potential mechanisms of action

Fernando, W. M. A. D. B., Martins, I. J., Goozee, K. G., Brennan, C. S., Jayasena, V., & Martins, R. N. (2015) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114515001452 · Cited by 200

Ketone bodies in epilepsy

McNally, M. A., & Hartman, A. L. (2012) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07670.x · Cited by 194

Parkinson’s disease and gut microbiota: from clinical to mechanistic and therapeutic studies

Zhang, X., Tang, B., & Guo, J. (2023) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-023-00392-8 · Cited by 212

Macrophage Delivery of Therapeutic Nanozymes in A Murine Model of Parkinson‘S Disease

Brynskikh, A. M., Zhao, Y., Mosley, R. L., Li, S., Boska, M. D., Klyachko, N. L., Kabanov, A. V., Gendelman, H. E., & Batrakova, E. V. (2010) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm.10.7 · Cited by 190

Antioxidant capacity contributes to protection of ketone bodies against oxidative damage induced during hypoglycemic conditions

Haces, M. L., Hernández‐Fonseca, K., Medina‐Campos, O. N., Montiel, T., Pedraza‐Chaverrí, J., & Massieu, L. (2008) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.12.029 · Cited by 187

Axonal Degeneration during Aging and Its Functional Role in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Salvadores, N., Sanhueza, M., Manque, P., & Court, F. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00451 · Cited by 182

A Ketogenic Diet Improves Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Bioenergetics via the PGC1α-SIRT3-UCP2 Axis

Hasan‐Olive, M. M., Lauritzen, K. H., Ali, M., Rasmussen, L. J., Storm‐Mathisen, J., & Bergersen, L. H. (2018) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-018-2588-6 · Cited by 185

Inhibition of ERK-DLP1 signaling and mitochondrial division alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease cybrid cell

Gan, X., Huang, S., Wu, L., Wang, Y., Hu, G., Li, G., Zhang, H., Yu, H., Swerdlow, R. H., Chen, J. X., et al. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.009 · Cited by 180

Anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2

Graff, E. C., Fang, H., Wanders, D., & Judd, R. L. (2015) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.001 · Cited by 187

Simvastatin Inhibits the Activation of p21rasand Prevents the Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease

Ghosh, A., Roy, A., Matras, J., Brahmachari, S., Gendelman, H. E., & Pahan, K. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4144-09.2009 · Cited by 175

Clinical review: Ketones and brain injury

White, H. T., & Venkatesh, B. (2011) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc10020 · Cited by 175

Fasting is neuroprotective following traumatic brain injury

Davis, L. M., Pauly, J. R., Readnower, R. D., Rho, J. M., & Sullivan, P. G. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.21628 · Cited by 149

Mitochondrial membrane depolarization and the selective death of dopaminergic neurons by rotenone: protective effect of coenzyme Q10

Moon, Y., Lee, K. H., Park, J., Geum, D., & Kim, K. (2005) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03112.x · Cited by 174

Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormalities Link to Synaptic Injury in Diabetes Model

Huang, S., Wang, Y., Gan, X., Du, F., Zhong, C., Wu, L., Hu, G., Sosunov, A. A., McKhann, G. M., Yu, H., et al. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0758 · Cited by 168

Novel ketone diet enhances physical and cognitive performance

Murray, A. J., Knight, N. S., Cole, M. A., Cochlin, L. E., Carter, E., Tchabanenko, K., Pichulik, T., Gulston, M. K., Atherton, H. J., Schroeder, M., et al. (2016) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201600773r · Cited by 166

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Metabolic link to ischemic brain injury and target of oxidative stress

Martin, E., Rosenthal, R. E., & Fiskum, G. M. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.20293 · Cited by 165

Metabolic Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: Bioenergetics, Redox Homeostasis and Central Carbon Metabolism

Anandhan, A., Jacome, M. S., Lei, S., Hernández-Franco, P., Pappa, A., Panayiotidis, M. I., Powers, R., & Franco, R. (2017) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.03.009 · Cited by 165

Hypometabolism as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease

Costantini, L. C., Barr, L. J., Vogel, J. L., & Henderson, S. T. (2008) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-9-s2-s16 · Cited by 162

On the Run for Hippocampal PlasticityPreprint

Cooper, C. P., Moon, H. Y., & van Praag, H. (2017) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a029736 · Cited by 168

Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ketogenic Diet on MPTP-induced Neurotoxicity

Yang, X., & Cheng, B. (2010) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-010-9336-y · Cited by 159

Lifelong brain health is a lifelong challenge: From evolutionary principles to empirical evidence

Mattson, M. P. (2015) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.011 · Cited by 161

Microglia-Specific Metabolic Changes in Neurodegeneration

Aldana, B. I. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.006 · Cited by 158

Ketogenic diets: from cancer to mitochondrial diseases and beyond

Branco, A. F., Ferreira, A., Simões, R. F., Novais, S. M., Zehowski, C., Cope, E., Silva, A. M., Pereira, D. J., Sardão, V. A., & Cunha‐Oliveira, T. (2016) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.12591 · Cited by 152

Implications of the Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease

Elfil, M., Kamel, S., Kandil, M. A., Koo, B. B., & Schaefer, S. M. (2020) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28004 · Cited by 160

Microbial production and applications of chiral hydroxyalkanoates

Chen, G., & Wu, Q. (2005) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-005-1917-2 · Cited by 150

Ketone body therapy: from the ketogenic diet to the oral administration of ketone ester

Hashim, S. A., & VanItallie, T. B. (2014) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r046599 · Cited by 154

β-Hydroxybutyrate Prevents Vascular Senescence through hnRNP A1-Mediated Upregulation of Oct4

Han, Y., Bédarida, T., Ding, Y., Somba, B. K., Lu, Q., Wang, Q., Song, P., & Zou, M. (2018) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.07.036 · Cited by 148

Diet in Parkinson’s Disease: Critical Role for the Microbiome

Jackson, A., Forsyth, C. B., Shaikh, M., Voigt, R. M., Engen, P. A., Ramirez, V., & Keshavarzian, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01245 · Cited by 145

Sodium Phenylbutyrate Controls Neuroinflammatory and Antioxidant Activities and Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Roy, A., Ghosh, A., Jana, A., Liu, X., Brahmachari, S., Gendelman, H. E., & Pahan, K. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038113 · Cited by 145

Proteasome inhibition and Parkinson's disease modeling

Bové, J., Zhou, C. H., Jackson-Lewis, V. R., Taylor, J. P., Chu, Y., Rideout, H. J., Wu, D.-C., Kordower, J. H., Petrucelli, L., & Przedborski, S. (2006) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20937 · Cited by 143

Neuroketotherapeutics: A modern review of a century-old therapy

Koppel, S. J., & Swerdlow, R. H. (2017) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.019 · Cited by 142

Awareness and current knowledge of Parkinson’s disease: a neurodegenerative disorder

Khan, A. U., Akram, M., Daniyal, M., & Zainab, R. (2018) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207454.2018.1486837 · Cited by 151

d -β-Hydroxybutyrate protects neurons in models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease

Kashiwaya, Y., Takeshima, T., Mori, N., Nakashima, K., Clarke, K., & Veech, R. L. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.10.5440 · Cited by 534

D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate protects dopaminergic SH‐SY5Y cells in a rotenone model of Parkinson's disease

Imamura, K., Takeshima, T., Kashiwaya, Y., Nakaso, K., & Nakashima, K. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.21021 · Cited by 101

The Mechanisms by Which the Ketone Body D-β-Hydroxybutyrate May Improve the Multiple Cellular Pathologies of Parkinson's Disease

Norwitz, N. G., Hu, M. T., & Clarke, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00063 · Cited by 110

Pyruvate Prevents Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Kim, Y., Choi, S. Y., Hwang, O., & Lee, J. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-03017-9 · Cited by 14

β-Hydroxybutyrate alleviates pyroptosis in MPP+/MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease models via inhibiting STAT3/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway

Jiang, Z., Yin, X., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Li, F., Gao, Y., Han, G., Gao, Z., & Wang, Z. (2022) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109451 · Cited by 61