Cited by 233Vagus Nerve Stimulation ResearchInflammatory Bowel DiseaseGastrointestinal motility and disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Impaired parasympathetic function increases susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model of depression

Open access

Ghia, Jean-Eric, Blennerhassett, Patricia, Collins, Stephen M.·2008·Journal of Clinical Investigation

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that intestinal inflammatory conditions can be exacerbated by behavioral conditions such as depression. The recent demonstration of a tonic counterinflammatory influence mediated by the vagus nerve in experimental colitis provides a potential link between behavior and gut inflammation. Here we show that experimental conditions that induced depressive-like behaviors in mice increased susceptibility to intestinal inflammation by interfering with the tonic vagal inhibition of proinflammatory macrophages and that tricyclic antidepressants restored vagal function and reduced intestinal inflammation. These results show that reserpine-induced monoamine depletion and maternal separation, 2 models for depression, produced a vulnerability to colitis by a mechanism involving parasympathetic transmission and the presence of gut macrophages. The tricyclic antidepressant desmethylimipramine protected against this vulnerability by a vagal-dependent mechanism. Together these results illustrate the critical role of the vagus in both the vulnerability to inflammation induced by depressive-like conditions and the protection afforded by tricyclic antidepressants and rationalize a clinical evaluation of both parasympathomimetics and tricyclic antidepressants in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1172/jci32849

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The tail suspension test: A new method for screening antidepressants in mice
Steru, L., Chermat, R., Thierry, B., & Simon, P. (1985) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00428203 · Cited by 3,534
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation
Wang, H., Yu, M., Ochani, M., Amella, C. A., Tanovic, M., Susarla, S., Li, J. H., Wang, H., Yang, H., Ulloa, L., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01339 · Cited by 3,228
Cholinergic agonists inhibit HMGB1 release and improve survival in experimental sepsis
Wang, H., Liao, H., Ochani, M., Justiniani, M., Lin, X., Yang, L., Al-Abed, Y., Wang, H., Metz, C., Miller, E. J., et al. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1124 · Cited by 1,170
Stimulation of the vagus nerve attenuates macrophage activation by activating the Jak2-STAT3 signaling pathway
de Jonge, W. J., van der Zanden, E. P., The, F. O., Bijlsma, M. F., van Westerloo, D. J., Bennink, R. J., Berthoud, H.-R., Uematsu, S., Akira, S., van den Wijngaard, R. M., et al. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1229 · Cited by 1,074
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: a missing link in neuroimmunomodulation
Pavlov, V. A., Wang, H., Czura, C. J., Friedman, S. G., & Tracey, K. J. (2003) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf03402177 · Cited by 772
The Vagus Nerve and Nicotinic Receptors Modulate Experimental Pancreatitis Severity in Mice
van Westerloo, D. J., Giebelen, I. A., Florquin, S., Bruno, M. J., LaRosa, G. J., Ulloa, L., Tracey, K. J., & van der Poll, T. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.022 · Cited by 377
Crohn's Disease: A Two-Year Prospective Study of the Association Between Psychological Distress and Disease Activity
Mardini, H. E., Kip, K. E., & Wilson, J. W. (2004) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/b:ddas.0000020509.23162.cc · Cited by 211
A Prospective Study of the Relationship between Disease Activity and Psychologic Distress in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Porcell, P., Leoci, C., & Guerra, V. (1996) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3109/00365529609010354 · Cited by 139
Desipramine treatment reduces the long-term behavioural and neurochemical sequelae of early-life maternal separation
MacQueen, G. M., Ramakrishnan, K., Ratnasingan, R., Chen, B., & Young, L. T. (2003) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145703003729 · Cited by 96

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 0 references

Research works printed but not linked: 47

Helzer, 1984, Gastroenterology., 86, 324, 10.1016/0016-5085(84)90418-9 · DOI
10.1016/0163-8343(96)00036-9 · DOI · Paper page
10.3109/00365529709011218 · DOI
Tarter, 1987, Int. J. Psychiatry Med., 17, 173, 10.2190/CB02-2V8B-Y624-R781 · DOI
10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.007 · DOI
10.2165/00023210-200216020-00004 · DOI
10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00587-0 · DOI
10.1001/archinte.164.9.1010 · DOI · Paper page
10.1016/j.ehj.2004.01.018 · DOI
10.1007/s00213-003-1566-z · DOI · Paper page
10.1080/07853890310004075 · DOI · Paper page
Capuron, 2003, Brain Behav. Immun., 17(Suppl. 1), S119, 10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00078-8 · DOI
10.1038/sj.npp.1301288 · DOI
10.1067/mhj.2000.109981 · DOI · Paper page
10.1517/14656566.2.7.1061 · DOI
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.01.004 · DOI
10.1177/1531003506297200 · DOI
10.1053/j.gastro.2006.08.016 · DOI
10.1038/35013070 · DOI · Paper page
10.1007/BF00433801 · DOI
Gaylord, 1972, Psychopharmacologie., 34, 275
10.1152/ajpgi.00098.2007 · DOI
10.1016/S0165-1838(98)00113-1 · DOI
10.1016/0016-5085(95)90378-X · DOI
10.1046/j.1365-2982.2002.00345.x · DOI
10.1007/s00213-006-0516-y · DOI · Paper page
10.1007/BF01987991 · DOI
Ferjan, 1996, Inflamm. Res., 45(Suppl. 1), S17, 10.1007/BF03354068 · DOI
Gripenberg, 1974, Acta. Physiol. Scand., 92, 56, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05722.x · DOI
10.1016/S0014-2999(96)00984-3 · DOI
McCafferty, 1997, Am. J. Physiol., 272, G272
10.1016/0165-5728(95)00157-3 · DOI
Gottwald, 1995, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 371A, 303, 10.1007/978-1-4615-1941-6_63 · DOI
Dapoigny, 1992, Am. J. Physiol., 262, G231
Pahlin, 1976, Acta. Physiol. Scand., 96, 433, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb10213.x · DOI
10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.002 · DOI
10.1002/mds.20949 · DOI
10.1016/j.seizure.2006.06.001 · DOI
10.1007/BF00334887 · DOI
10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.031 · DOI
10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01498-9 · DOI
10.1073/pnas.96.20.11653 · DOI
Eliakim, 1998, Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 10, 1013, 10.1097/00042737-199812000-00006 · DOI
Cooper, 1993, Lab. Invest., 69, 238
Appleyard, 1995, Am. J. Physiol., 269, G119
10.1007/BF01969102 · DOI
Bradley, 1982, J. Invest. Dermatol., 78, 206, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12506462 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 211

Neuroimmune Responses Mediate Depression-Related Behaviors following Acute Colitis
Gadotti, V. M., Andonegui, G., Zhang, Z., M’Dahoma, S., Baggio, C. H., Chen, L., Basso, L., Altier, C., MacNaughton, W. K., Kubes, P., et al. (2019) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.012 · Cited by 47
Assessment of causal link between psychological factors and symptom exacerbation in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review utilising Bradford Hill criteria and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Schoultz, M., Beattie, M., Gorely, T., & Leung, J. (2020) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01426-2 · Cited by 36
“mechanisms between depression and inflammation [61, 62].”
Neonatal stress modulates sickness behavior: role for proinflammatory cytokines.
Avitsur, R., Maayan, R., & Weizman, A. (2013) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.02.009 · Cited by 29
“…(Avitsur et al., 2006; Barreau et al., 2006; Meagher et al., 2010), increased severity of colitis, with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines (Ghia et al., 2008; Faturi et al., 2010) and augmented tumor colonization in the presence of chronic restraint stress (Nakamura et al., 2011).”
Background
Postinfectious Chronic Gut Dysfunction: From Bench to Bedside
Collins, S. M., Chang, C. C.-C., & Mearin, F. (2012) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology Supplements · doi:10.1038/ajgsup.2012.2 · Cited by 28
Self-citation
The clinical importance of the anti-inflammatory vagovagal reflex
Boeckxstaens, G. E. (2013) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53491-0.00011-0 · Cited by 34
“…increased susceptibility to developing colitis was also observed in an animal model of depression (maternal separation), a phenomenon that was associated with a reduced level of acetylcholine in the intestine and could be reversed by treatment with an antidepressant (Ghia et al., 2008, 2009).”
BackgroundInfluential
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Amitriptyline on Ulcerative Colitis in Normal and Reserpine-Induced Depressed Rats
Fattahian, E., Hajhashemi, V., Rabbani, M., Minaiyan, M., & Mahzouni, P. (2016) · Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research · doi:10.22037/ijpr.2016.1813 · Cited by 28
Review article: The role of the gut–brain axis in inflammatory bowel disease and its therapeutic implications
Riggott, C., Ford, A. C., & Gracie, D. J. (2024) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.18192 · Cited by 30
“…that inducing depression results in reactivation of mucosal inflammation, which can be mitigated by pre-administering gut–brain neuromodulators, 117 and furthermore that the administration of tricyclic antidepressants can improve colonic inflammation, even in the absence of depressive symptoms.”
Do Desipramine [10,11-Dihydro-5-[3-(methylamino) propyl]-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine monohydrochloride] and Fluoxetine [N-Methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-propan-1-amine] Ameliorate the Extent of Colonic Damage Induced by Acetic Acid in Rats?
Guemei, A., Din, N. N. E., Baraka, A., & Darwish, I. E. S. (2008) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.108.141259 · Cited by 27
“…that induced depressive-like behaviors in mice increased susceptibility to intestinal inflammation by interfering with the tonic vagal inhibition of proinflammatory macrophages and that tricyclic antidepressants restored vagal function and reduced intestinal inflammation (Ghia et al., 2008).”
Background
Depression and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies
Chen, X., Liu, X., Li, F., He, H., Li, X., Qin, T., Jiang, B., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Su, Y., et al. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03463-8 · Cited by 32
“Due to the scarcity of high-quality evidence, further large-scale, multicenter, and international randomized controlled trials or prospective studies are needed to validate the impact of depression on various human health outcomes and arrive at more de ﬁ nitive conclusions.”
Kumatakenin inhibited iron-ferroptosis in epithelial cells from colitis mice by regulating the Eno3-IRP1-axis
Arenbaoligao, Guo, X., Xiong, J., Zhang, S., Yang, Y., Chen, D., & Xie, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1127931 · Cited by 24
“Disease activity index (DAI) scores have historically correlated well with pathological findings in a DSS-induced model of IBD (Ghia et al., 2008).”
Influential
Crohn’s Disease Patients with Depression Exhibit Alterations in Monocyte/Macrophage Phenotype and Increased Proinflammatory Cytokine Production
Tang, Y., Zhao, L., Lei, N., Chen, P.-R., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000501122 · Cited by 26
The role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in inflammatory bowel disease: involvement of different cellular pathways
Seyedabadi, M., Rahimian, R., & Ghia, J. (2018) · Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2018.1420166 · Cited by 26
“In animal models, depression induced by reserpine or maternal separation decreased colonic ACh level, reflecting a potential vagal impairment, and increased susceptibility to experimental colitis [9].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Psychological distress in inflammatory bowel disease
Balestrieri, P., Cicala, M., & Ribolsi, M. (2023) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1080/17474124.2023.2209723 · Cited by 25
“In a large cross-sectional, population-based study in IBD patients, perceived stress was not associated with concurrent intestinal inflammation evaluated through measurement of fecal calprotectin, whilst a strong relationship between perceived stress and gastrointestinal symptoms was observed [43].”
Background
The 5-HT4 receptor agonist mosapride attenuates NSAID-induced gastric mucosal damage
Fujisawa, M., Murata, T., Hori, M., & Ozaki, H. (2010) · Journal of gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-009-0170-3 · Cited by 25
“For instance, it has been reported that vagal electrical stimulation ameliorates intestinal inflammation [10, 15, 16] and liver injury [17].”
Background
Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Stem Bark of Alstonia boonei De Wild. (Apocynaceae) on Dextran Sodium Sulfate‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Wistar Rats
Adjouzem, C. F., Ateufack, G., Mbiantcha, M., Nana, W. Y., Marthe, V. M. M., Nguemnang, S. F. D., Tsafack, E. G., & Atsamo, A. D. (2020) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2020/4918453 · Cited by 27
“-e repeated administration of DSS causes an amplification of the inflammatory response in ulcerative colitis with an exaggerated production of ROS, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 which will be responsible for the severity of the colitis and the appearance of symptoms related to inflammatory bowel diseases [51, 52].”
Background
The Effect of Antidepressants on the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Hall, B. J., Hamlin, P. J., Gracie, D. J., & Ford, A. C. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1155/2018/2047242 · Cited by 33
“Studies have demonstrated that inmousemodels of quiescent colitis, inducing depression leads to reactivation ofGI inflammation [14] but that this can be prevented by preadministration of antidepressants [15].”
Background
Involvement of PPAR γ in the protective action of tropisetron in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis
Rahimian, R., Zirak, M. R., Keshavarz, M., Fakhraei, N., Mohammadi-Farani, A., Hamdi, H., & Mousavizadeh‬, K. (2016) · Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology · doi:10.1080/08923973.2016.1231202 · Cited by 23
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in the colonic epithelium damage induced by maternal separation
Li, B., Zani, A., Lee, C., Zani‐Ruttenstock, E., Zhang, Z., Li, X., Ip, W., Gonska, T. Y., & Pierro, A. (2016) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.02.073 · Cited by 29
Ophiopogonin D Inhibiting Epithelial NF-κB Signaling Pathway Protects Against Experimental Colitis in Mice
Wang, L., Yang, H.-Z., Qiao, L.-Y., Liu, J.-N., Liao, X.-L., Huang, H., Dong, J., Chen, J., Chen, D.-P., & Wang, J.-Y. (2021) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-022-01655-8 · Cited by 22
“And immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the morphological structure of colonic tissues [23].”
Method
Fortunellin-Induced Modulation of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog by MicroRNA-374a Decreases Inflammation and Maintains Intestinal Barrier Function in Colitis
Xiong, Y., Qiu, J.-J., Li, C., Qiu, Y., Guo, L., Liu, Y.-J., Wan, J.-J., Li, Y., Wu, G.-K., Wang, L., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00083 · Cited by 22
“Colon macroscopically visible damage was measured using a 0–10 scale, colon weight/ length ratio was also measured (27, 28).”
Method
Retracted
Gastric vagal afferent signaling to the basolateral amygdala mediates anxiety-like behaviors in experimental colitis mice
Chen, C., Tsai, T.-C., Wu, Y., & Hsu, K. (2023) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.161874 · Cited by 22
“161874 elicit antiinflammatory responses in the gut via the release of acetylcholine to interact with α7 subunit of nicotinic receptor on macrophages (45), and impaired parasympathetic function has been shown to increase susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis (46, 47).”
Neuroimmune Interaction: A Widespread Mutual Regulation and the Weapons for Barrier Organs
Zhu, Y., Duan, S., Wang, M., Deng, Z., & Li, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.906755 · Cited by 25
“Conversely, vagal inhibition and decreased acetylcholine levels increase susceptibility to intestinal inflammation (Ghia et al., 2008).”
Background
Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Escitalopram in Iodoacetamide-Induced Colitis in Depressed Ovariectomized Rats: Role of α7-nAChR
Abdo, S. A., Wadie, W., Abdelsalam, R. M., & Khattab, M. M. (2019) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-019-01068-0 · Cited by 22
A Selective α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist, PNU-282987, Attenuates ILC2s Activation and Alternaria-Induced Airway Inflammation
Yuan, F., Jiang, L.-L., Li, Q., Sokulsky, L. A., Wanyan, Y., Wang, L.-L., Liu, X.-J., Zhou, L., Tay, H. L., Zhang, G.-J., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.598165 · Cited by 20
Neonatal maternal separation increases susceptibility to experimental colitis and acute stress exposure in male mice
Fuentes, I. M., Walker, N. K., Pierce, A. N., Holt, B., Silvestro, E. R. D., & Christianson, J. A. (2016) · IBRO Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibror.2016.07.001 · Cited by 24
“Previous studies of NMS in mice reported increased MPO and cytokine production, as well as elevated histological scores (Varghese et al., 2006; Ghia et al., 2008; Veenema et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Psychological Factors in Irritable Pouch Syndrome and Other Pouch Disorders
Makkar, R., Graff, L., Bharadwaj, S. S., Lopez, R., & Shen, B. (2015) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000552 · Cited by 19
Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease: Similarities, Differences and a Lot of Things We Do Not Know Yet
Annaházi, A., & Molnár, T. (2014) · Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology · doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000253 · Cited by 19
“Mood disorders may initiate and deteriorate inflammation by enhancing the release of proinflammatory mediators and by disturbing the immunoregulatory circuits [172,173].”
Background
The hygiene hypothesis and affective and anxiety disorders
Rook, G. A. W., & Lowry, C. A. (2009) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8903-1_11 · Cited by 13
Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase (NOX) 2 Mitigates Colitis in Mice with Impaired Macrophage AMPK Function
Banskota, S., Wang, H.-Q., Kwon, Y. H., Gautam, J., Haq, S., Grondin, J., Steinberg, G., & Khan, W. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11051443 · Cited by 18
“Colon tissue samples were prepared as previously described [22] and supernatant from the cells was collected after the c treatment.”
Method
Activation of the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway Attenuated Angiotension II-Dependent Hypertension and Renal Injury
Wu, S., Shi, Z., Wang, X., Ren, F., Xie, Z.-Y., Li, L., & Chen, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.593682 · Cited by 23
“Early researchers had access to the therapeutic potential of CAP in attenuating systemic inflammation caused by endotoxemia; several studies reported a beneficial effect of CAP in many inflammationmediated diseases (Borovikova et al., 2000; Ghia et al., 2008; Tracey, 2009; Nolan et al., 2012).”
Background
Neuroautonomic activity evidences parturition as a complex and integrated neuro–immune–endocrine process
Lagos, J. J. R., Ramírez, C. I. L., Pliego‐Carrillo, A. C., Peña‐Castillo, M. Á., Echeverría, J. C., Becerril‐Villanueva, E., Pavón, L., & Pacheco‐López, G. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13860 · Cited by 19
The innate immune response.
Koenderman, L., Buurman, W., & Daha, M. (2014) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.010 · Cited by 18
Antibiotic Knockdown of Gut Bacteria Sex-Dependently Enhances Intravenous Fentanyl Self-Administration in Adult Sprague Dawley Rats
Ren, M., & Lotfipour, S. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24010409 · Cited by 21
Resolvin D1 suppresses inflammation‐associated tumorigenesis in the colon by inhibiting IL‐6‐induced mitotic spindle abnormality
Lee, H., Choi, Y., Kim, S. H., Zhong, X., Kim, W., Park, J. S., Saeidi, S., Han, B. W., Kim, N., Lee, H. S., et al. (2021) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202002392r · Cited by 15
Maternal Deprivation of Lewis Rat Pups Increases the Severity of Experi-mental Periodontitis in Adulthood
Breivik, T., Gundersen, Y., Murison, R., Turner, J. D., Muller, C., Gjermo, P., & Opstad, K. (2015) · Open Dentistry Journal · doi:10.2174/1874210601509010065 · Cited by 17
“Other tentative explanations include MD-induced alterations of the reactivity of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory peptidergic nervous systems, which are all found to be altered by maternal deprivation [55, 75-77], and which reactivity we have found to play a significant role in the susceptibility/resistanc…”
Background
Assessment of causal link between psychological factors and symptom exacerbation in inflammatory bowel disease: a protocol for systematic review of prospective cohort studies
Schoultz, M., Atherton, I., Hubbard, G., & Watson, A. (2013) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-2-8 · Cited by 17
“This lack of clarity has brought a lot of confusion [21], particularly when empirical evidence from animal studies is suggesting potentially causal mechanisms between depression and inflammation [22,23]; and around 74% of IBD patients seem to believe that psychological factors such as anxiety and depression contribute…”
Background
Impact of comorbid psychiatric disorders on healthcare utilization in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A nationally representative cohort study
Hill, E., Nguyen, N. H., Qian, A. S., Patel, S., Chen, P. L., Tse, C.-S., & Singh, S. (2022) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-022-07505-9 · Cited by 15
Integrating neuroscience and oncology: neuroimmune crosstalk in the initiation and progression of digestive system tumors
Sun, H., Wang, T., Jiang, X., Li, M., He, X., Ma, Y., Li, X., Jin, W., & Jiao, Z. (2025) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-025-02412-9 · Cited by 18
“Reduced mucosal ACh levels exacerbate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in depression models by altering macrophage polarization [200, 201].”
Mental Illnesses in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: mens sana in corpore sano
Bartocci, B., Buono, A. D., Gabbiadini, R., Busacca, A., Quadarella, A., Repici, A., Mencaglia, E., Gasparini, L., & Armuzzi, A. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59040682 · Cited by 21
“Vagotomized mice displayed severe colitis, and, after the administration of tricyclic antidepressants, a restoration of the vagal function was observed, as well as a reduced intestinal inflammation [29].”
Background
Molecular Mechanisms and Applications of a Reserpine-Induced Rodent Model
Hedgecock, T., Phillips, A., Ludrick, B., Golden, T. A., & Wu, N. (2019) · SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences · doi:10.21276/ssr-iijls.2019.5.1.8 · Cited by 15
“rodents, including an increase in severity of their inflammation [27,28] .”
Background
Salvianolic acid B decreases interleukin-1β-induced colitis recurrence in mice
Feng, P.-P., Fang, X.-S., Zhao, S.-H., Fu, J., Zhang, H., Yi, Y., Li, C., Jiang, C.-L., & Chen, D.-P. (2020) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000000773 · Cited by 14
A combination of potential psychobiotics alleviates anxiety and depression behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress
Meng, C., Feng, S., Hao, Z., & Liu, H. (2025) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-025-00779-7 · Cited by 13
“Patients with depression have dif ﬁ culty absorbing nutrients from their food, leading to weight loss, even if individuals consume a suf ﬁ cient quantity of food 35,36 .”
The role of enteric nervous system and GDNF in depression: Conversation between the brain and the gut
Liang, C., Wei, S., Ji, Y., Lin, J., Jiao, W., Li, Z., Yan, F., & Xi, J. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105931 · Cited by 13
Neuromodulation as a Potential Disease-Modifying Therapy for Osteoarthritis
Cruz, C. J., Dewberry, L. S., Otto, K. J., & Allen, K. D. (2022) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-022-01094-2 · Cited by 15
Lysophosphatidic acid increases SLC26A3 expression in inflamed intestine and reduces diarrheal severity in C57BL/6 mice with dextran‐sodium‐sulfate‐induced colitis
Xu, L.-H., Xiao, F., He, J.-Y., Lan, X., Ding, Q., Li, J., Ursula, S., Zheng, Y., & Tian, D. (2014) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20140028 · Cited by 13
Antidepressant fluoxetine alleviates colitis by reshaping intestinal microenvironment
Teng, S., Yang, Y., Zhang, W., Li, X.-J., Li, W., Cui, Z.-L., Min, L., & Wu, J. (2024) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-024-01538-5 · Cited by 12
“Depression interfered with the tonic vagal inhibition of proinflammatory cells and increased susceptibility to intestinal inflammation and tricyclic antidepressants reduced intestinal inflammation by restoring vagal function [20].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Anthocyanin extract from black rice attenuates chronic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
Li, Y., Yuan, F.-H., He, X., Fu, S.-H., & Fan, B.-L. (2023) · Open Chemistry · doi:10.1515/chem-2022-0288 · Cited by 12
“There was a good correlation between DAI score and pathological results of DSS - induced IBD model [ 25 ] .”
Result
Significance of vagus nerve function in terms of pathogenesis of psychosocial disorders
Kakinuma, Y. (2020) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104934 · Cited by 15
Stress and food allergy: mechanistic considerations
Schreier, H. M. C., & Wright, R. J. (2013) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.anai.2013.08.002 · Cited by 15
Vagal activities are involved in antigen‐specific immune inflammation in the intestine
Liang, H., Xu, L.-S., Zhou, C., Zhang, Y., Xu, M.-H., & Zhang, C.-Q. (2011) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06710.x · Cited by 12
Correlation Analysis Between Disease Activity and Anxiety, Depression, Sleep Disturbance, and Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Yu, R., Liu, C., Zhang, J., Li, J., Tian, S., Ding, F., Liu, Z., Wang, T., Liu, Z., Jiang, C., et al. (2023) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s407388 · Cited by 20
“In addition, above an animal experimental study of IBD activity, it was found that a mouse model of colitis in a depressed state reactivated intestinal inflammation,(29) and its activity remitted after active psychotherapy.(30) Clinical studies have further confirmed that immunotherapy can decrease the PHQ9 score of I…”
Background
Anti-inflammatory activity of the sesquiterpene lactone diacethylpiptocarphol in dextransulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.
Sabel, R., Fronza, A., Carrenho, L., Maes, A., Barros, M., Pollo, L., Biavatti, M., D'Herde, K., Vandenabeele, P., & Kreuger, M. (2019) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112186 · Cited by 11
Improved method for cannula fixation for long-term intracerebral brain infusion.
Sike, Á., Wengenroth, J., Upīte, J., Brüning, T., Eiriz, I., Sántha, P., Biverstål, H., Jansone, B., Haugen, H., Krohn, M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.07.026 · Cited by 11
Vagus nerve stimulation blocks vascular permeability following burn in both local and distal sites
Ortiz-Pomales, Y. T., Krzyżaniak, M., Coimbra, R. S. M., Baird, A., & Eliceiri, B. P. (2012) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2012.04.004 · Cited by 11
“[37] Ghia JE, Blennerhassett P, Collins SM.”
Involvement of peripheral mast cells in a fibromyalgia model in mice
Brum, E. D. S., Fialho, M. F. P., Becker, G., Nogueira, C. W., & Oliveira, S. M. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176385 · Cited by 11
The Brain-Gut Axis: From Pathophysiology to Possible Future Strategies of Treatment
Vigneri, S. (2014) · Brain Disorders & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2168-975x.1000137 · Cited by 13
“Nevertheless, the association between depressive-like behaviour and development of colitis responsive to tricyclic drugs has been confirmed [19].”
Background
Effects of Stress on Intestinal Mucosal Functions
Söderholm, J. D. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382026-6.00074-9 · Cited by 10
Psychopharmacological Therapy Positively Modulates Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
Vincenzo, F. D., D’Onofrio, A. M., GAUDIO, A. D., Chiera, E., Ferrajoli, G. F., Pesaresi, F., Simonetti, A., Mazza, M., Kotzalidis, G. D., Pettorruso, M., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136514 · Cited by 9
“Tricyclic antidepressants have been demonstrated to alleviate intestinal inflammation by restoring vagal function [57].”
Plasticity of neuroeffector transmission during bowel inflammation1.
Lomax, A., Pradhananga, S., & Bertrand, P. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00365.2016 · Cited by 9
Curcumin Ameliorates Reserpine-Induced Gastrointestinal Mucosal Lesions Through Inhibiting I κ B- α /NF- κ B Pathway and Regulating Expression of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Gastrin in Rats
Long, L.-L., Wang, J.-N., Chen, N.-N., Zheng, S.-H., Shi, L., Xu, Y., Luo, C., & Deng, Y.-B. (2016) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2015.3570 · Cited by 9
“17 We measured the serum level of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-c , and TNF-a in experimental rats.”
Mitotic Spindle Positioning (MISP) Facilitates Colorectal Cancer Progression by Forming a Complex with Opa Interacting Protein 5 (OIP5) and Activating the JAK2-STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Hiura, K., Watanabe, M., Hirose, N., Nakano, K., Okamura, T., Sasaki, H., & Sasaki, N. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25053061 · Cited by 7
“The DAI loss, stool characteristics, and the severity of hematochezia, to assess the severity of colitis [ 18,23,24 ].”
Background
Depression Exacerbates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis via IRF5-Mediated Macrophage Polarization
Liang, C., Tang, Y., Gao, X., Lei, N., Luo, Y., Chen, P.-R., Duan, S.-H., Cao, Y., Yang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-022-07679-2 · Cited by 7
“Experimental colitis aggravated by depressive-like behavior can be alleviated by the stimulation of the vagus nerve, which activated the nAchR7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine on the surface of intestinal macrophages [20].”
Background
Neurological Manifestations and Psychiatric Disorders in the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Głuch, P., Swiatek, A., Dudek, P., Fabisiak, A., & Talar‐Wojnarowska, R. (2022) · Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases · doi:10.15403/jgld-3965 · Cited by 8
“Vague nerve releases acetylcholine which interacts with specific α-7 nicotine receptor [78, 104, 105].”
Background
Mechanism-Oriented Therapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Malagelada, J. R., & Malagelada, C. (2016) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-016-0336-3 · Cited by 7
“Moreover, anxiety/depression appears to facilitate gut inflammation [37] closing the neuroinflammatory brain–gut–brain loop.”
Background
Depression and use of antidepressants is associated with increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection
Mikocka-Walus, A. (2013) · Evidence-Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/eb-2013-101439 · Cited by 7
Brain-gut co-management: probiotic LAB improves mental health and further reduces disease activity in ulcerative colitis patients with emotional disturbance
Liu, X., Zhou, H., Zhang, J., Li, R., & Liang, J. (2025) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2025.2527224 · Cited by 6
Citrus rhoifolin alleviated DSS-induced acute colitis by activating CEMIP/SLC7A11-mediated cystine uptake and inhibiting epithelial ferroptosis
Liu, Z., Liang, L., Lu, S.-M., Chen, J.-Y., Guo, H.-S., & Xiong, Y. (2024) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-024-03519-3 · Cited by 6
“DAI scores correlate well with the pathological findings morphologically in a DSS-induced colitis in mice [27].”
Neural regulation of ILC2s in allergic airway inflammation
Thomas, C. M., & Peebles, R. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Allergy · doi:10.3389/falgy.2022.1094259 · Cited by 8
“(7) ChAT+ ILC2s secrete ACh which suppresses airway neutrophilia.”
Background
Mitotic spindle positioning protein (MISP) deficiency exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice
Hiura, K., MARUYAMA, T., Watanabe, M., Nakano, K., Okamura, T., Sasaki, H., & Sasaki, N. (2022) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Science · doi:10.1292/jvms.22-0483 · Cited by 7
“Colitis symptoms were evaluated daily using the disease activity index (DAI), a method of assessing DSS enteritis symptoms (Table 1) [7, 12].”
Method
Inducing a stressed phenotype in healthy recipient mice by adoptively transferring CD4+ lymphocytes from mice undergoing chronic psychosocial stress.
Amoroso, M., Kempter, E., Langgartner, D., Gross, P., & Reber, S. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104898 · Cited by 6
Beneficial Effects of Maprotiline in a Murine Model of Colitis in Normal and Reserpinised Depressed Rats
Minaiyan, M., Hajhashemi, V., Rabbani, M., Fattahian, E., & Mahzouni, P. (2014) · International Scholarly Research Notices · doi:10.1155/2014/359841 · Cited by 5
“reported that antidepressants can improve the autonomic dysfunction in IBD patients, thereby inhibiting proinflammatory mediator release [48].”
Background
The emerging role of the microbial-gastrointestinal-neural axis
McLean, P. G., Calver, A. R., Alpers, D., Collins, S. M., Shanahan, F., & Lee, K. (2009) · Gastroenterology Insights · doi:10.4081/gi.2009.e3 · Cited by 6
“inflammatory stimuli (Figure 1A), an observation supported by demonstrations of stress(83) or depressive-like behavior in rodents.(84,85) Stress”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Stress and the Gastrointestinal System
Bonaz, B. L. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28609-9_7 · Cited by 6
Investigating the effect of neuro-immune communication on immune responses in health and disease: Exploring immunological disorders
Hesampour, F., Bernstein, C. N., & Ghia, J. (2025) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2025.104963 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Because I’m happy – positive affect and its predictive value for future disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a retrospective cohort study
Lang, B. M., Ledergerber, M., Jordi, S. B. U., Krupka, N., Biedermann, L., Schreiner, P., Juillerat, P., Wyss, J., Vavricka, S. R., Zeitz, J., et al. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/17562848231179335 · Cited by 6
Psychological Comorbidity and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity: Cause or Effect?
Gracie, D., & Ford, A. (2016) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2016.02.007 · Cited by 5
Serotoninergic and non-serotoninergic effects of two tricyclic antidepressants on visceral nociception in a rat model
Bechmann, L., Best, J., Haag, S., Leineweber, K., Gerken, G., & Holtmann, G. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520902767272 · Cited by 5
Animal Models for the Study of Neonatal Disease
Praud, J., Miura, Y., & Frasch, M. G. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809468-6.00031-0 · Cited by 5
Pro-inflammatory macrophages contribute to developing comorbid anxiety-like behaviors through gastrointestinal vagal afferent signaling in experimental colitis mice
Chen, C., Yu, K.-C., Hsu, L., Chiu, W., & Hsu, K. (2025) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.05.007 · Cited by 7
Radiation enteropathy‐related depression: A neglectable course of disease by gut bacterial dysbiosis
Liu, X. W., Li, Y., Gu, M., Xu, T., Wang, C., & Chang, P. (2024) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.6865 · Cited by 4
“22 In fact, cholinergic nerves have an anti-inflammatory role in regulating innate immune cells, which is also known as the “cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway”.”
Therapeutic Effects of Anti-Inflammatory N-Acylhydrazones in the Resolution of Experimental Colitis
Cordeiro, N. D. S., Freitas, R., Fraga, C. A. M., & Fernandes, P. (2020) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.120.000074 · Cited by 4
“ABBREVIATIONS: 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; CD, Crohn disease; DNBS, dinitrobenzene acid; DSS, sodium dextran sulfate; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IDA, index of disease activity; IFN-g -, interferon-g; IKK-b -, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; IL-, interleukin; LASSBio, Laboratory of Synt…”
MethodInfluential
S. Typhimurium challenge in juvenile pigs modulates the expression and localization of enteric cholinergic proteins and correlates with mucosal injury and inflammation
Pohl, C. S., Lennon, E. M., Li, Y.-H., DeWilde, M. P., & Moeser, A. (2018) · Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2018.05.009 · Cited by 4
“Several groups have shown that cholinergic function, mostly through action of the vagus nerve and nicotinic receptors, reduces gastrointestinal inflammation and prevents mucosal tissue damage in rodent models of chemical colitis (Ghia et al. 2006; Ghia et al. 2008; Mazelin et al. 1998; O’Mahony et al. 2009), endotoxem…”
Background
Mon cerveau et mon intestin communiquent, parfois mal !
Bonaz, B. L., & Sonia Pellissier, A. (2013) · Pratique Neurologique - FMC · doi:10.1016/j.praneu.2013.10.004 · Cited by 3
The hidden genetic and microbial networks connecting neuropsychiatric and digestive disorders
Xiong, J., Xu, T., Wang, Z., Huang, Y., Zhang, S., Yang, G., Yang, J., Gao, S., Wang, T., Jian, X., et al. (2025) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2025.07.029 · Cited by 4
“Critically, vagus nerve dysfunction could exacerbate this neuroinflammatory pathway [43,52].”
Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14 gene deletion induces dermatan sulfate deficiency and affects collagen structure and bowel contraction
Ono, F., Takahashi, Y., Shimada, S., Mizumoto, S., Miyata, S., Nitahara‐Kasahara, Y., Yamada, S., Okada, T., Kosho, T., & Yoshizawa, T. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0320943 · Cited by 3
Therapeutic potential of bitter taste receptor agonists on amyloid β-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Khalifa, S. F., El-Taweel, F. M., Salama, M., & el-Magd, M. (2023) · Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences · doi:10.1080/2314808x.2023.2252635 · Cited by 3
Inhibition of c-Jun in AgRP neurons increases stress-induced anxiety and colitis susceptibility
Jiao, F., Hu, X., Yin, H., Yuan, F., Zhou, Z., Wu, W. H., Chen, S., Liu, Z., & Guo, F. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04425-w · Cited by 4
Adult Health and Early Life Adversity: Behind the Curtains of Maternal Care Research
Dumas, T. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.804239 · Cited by 3
Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Are Not Associated With Future Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity
Brenner, E. J., Long, M. D., Mann, C. M., Lin, L., Chen, W., Reyes, C., Bahnson, K. M., Reeve, B. B., & Kappelman, M. D. (2021) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izab162 · Cited by 4
Deconstructing disability in inflammatory bowel disease.
Sellin, J. (2014) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2014.02.033 · Cited by 3
“General instruments to measure disability were used rather than one specific to IBD.”
ResultInfluential
Prokinetics in small-bowel capsule endoscopy: smart use is the key.
Koulaouzidis, A., Giannakou, A., & Plevris, J. (2014) · European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000000052 · Cited by 3
Brain Death-Induced Inflammation: Possible Role of the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway
Hoeger, S., & Yard, B. A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4304-9_11 · Cited by 4
Do enteric glial cells play a role in the pathophysiology of major depression?
Rajkumar, R. P. (2024) · Exploration of neuroscience · doi:10.37349/en.2024.00042 · Cited by 2
[Latest Findings on the Interaction Mechanism Between Depressive Disorder and Intestinal Permeability].
Zhang, Z.-H., Xu, D.-Y., Chen, G., Teng, T., Wu, H., & Zhou, X. (2023) · 四川大学学报：医学版 · doi:10.12182/20230360503 · Cited by 1
LUEM PUA RICE EXTRACT ATTENUATES THE SEVERITY OF DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUMINDUCED ULCERATIVE COLITIS IN RATS THROUGH CHOLINOMIMETIC EFFECTS
Thipart, K., Phunikhom, K., Noenplab, A., & Sattayasai, J. (2021) · International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics · doi:10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s1.y0029 · Cited by 2
“Although the etiology of IBD is still unknown, many are postulated and seem to be multifactorial disease.”
BackgroundInfluential
Is being homeless or having worries on housing associated with stomach, liver, bowel, and bladder problems?
Shiue, I. (2014) · European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000000034 · Cited by 2
Trastornos funcionales digestivos post-infecciosos: del episodio agudo a la molestia crónica
Mearin, F., & Balboa, A. (2011) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología · doi:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2011.03.016 · Cited by 3
“70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bajo (<42) Intermedio (43-68) Alto (>69) Cohorte de derivación Cohorte de validación Figura 3 Resultados obtenidos tras aplicar el cuestionario que valora el riesgo de desarrollar un SII post-infeccioso tras un episodio de gastroenteritis aguda.”
Neuronal Regulation of Mucosal Immune Responses
de Jonge, W. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00046-x · Cited by 2
Management of irritable bowel syndrome in children
Malagelada, J. (2018) · Journal of Pediatrics and Pediatric Medicine · doi:10.29245/2578-2940/2018/3.1127 · Cited by 1
Psycho-Oncologic Effects of Serotonin and Melatonin
Chuang, H.-Y., Hwang, J.-J., & Fang, C.-K. (2016) · doi:10.1201/9781315369334-32 · Cited by 1

Authors: Ghia, J.-E., Blennerhassett, P., & Collins, S. M.
Affiliations: McMaster University (CA)
Corresponding author: Collins, Stephen M.
ORCID: Ghia, Jean-Eric
Collins, Stephen M.
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 2008-05-01
Volume: 118
Issue: 6
Pages: 2209-18
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1172/jci32849
PMC: PMC2350428
OpenAlex: W2169338224
Cited by: 233
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 9.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Institut de France
McMaster University
Crohn's and Colitis Foundation
Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada
Canadian Association of Gastroenterology
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Keywords: depression, inflammatory bowel disease, vagus nerve, parasympathetic nervous system, colitis, tricyclic antidepressants, desmethylimipramine, reserpine, maternal separation, monoamine depletion, gut-brain axis, neuroimmune regulation
MeSH terms: Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Brain, Colitis, Depressive Disorder, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Macrophages, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Reserpine, Serotonin, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Serotonin Agents, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Impaired parasympathetic function increases susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model of depression

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks