The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Limited efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccine in elderly individuals is associated with decreased production of vaccine-specific antibodies
Open accessAbstract
During seasonal influenza epidemics, disease burden is shouldered predominantly by the very young and the elderly. Elderly individuals are particularly affected, in part because vaccine efficacy wanes with age. This has been linked to a reduced ability to induce a robust serum antibody response. Here, we show that this is due to reduced quantities of vaccine-specific antibodies, rather than a lack of antibody avidity or affinity. We measured levels of vaccine-specific plasmablasts by ELISPOT 1 week after immunization of young and elderly adults with inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine. Plasmablast-derived polyclonal antibodies (PPAbs) were generated from bulk-cultured B cells, while recombinant monoclonal antibodies (re-mAbs) were produced from single plasmablasts. The frequency of vaccine-specific plasmablasts and the concentration of PPAbs were lower in the elderly than in young adults, whereas the yields of secreted IgG per plasmablast were not different. Differences were not detected in the overall vaccine-specific avidity or affinity of PPAbs and re-mAbs between the 2 age groups. In contrast, reactivity of the antibodies induced by the inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine toward the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, which was not present in the vaccine, was higher in the elderly than in the young. These results indicate that the inferior antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly is primarily due to reduced quantities of vaccine-specific antibodies. They also suggest that exposure history affects the cross-reactivity of vaccination-induced antibodies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In view of the critical role played by CD4 + T cells in orchestrating the immune response, some of the age-related deficiencies observed in B cells (51,53,54), which include a reduction in the number of plasmablasts that develop in response to influenza vaccination (55) and the production of poor-quality antibodies to carbohydrate antigens (56)(57)(58), may occur secondary to T cell deficiencies.”
From Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging (2013) · cites this paper as [55]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994) · doi:10.1201/9780429246593 · Cited by 40,500
A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure
(1979) · Scandinavian Journal of Statistics · doi:10.2307/4615733 · Cited by 21,526
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9 · Cited by 21,230
Fiore, A. E., Shay, D. K., Broder, K. R., Iskander, J. K., Uyeki, T. M., Mootrey, G., Bresee, J. S., & Cox, N. S. (2001) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e548312006-001 · Cited by 5,006
A class of distributions which includes the normal ones
Azzalini, A. (1985) · Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) · Cited by 2,612
Predominant Autoantibody Production by Early Human B Cell Precursors
Wardemann, H., Yurasov, S., Schaefer, A., Young, J. W., Meffre, E., & Nussenzweig, M. C. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1086907 · Cited by 2,088
Le, M. (2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,624
Maintenance of Serological Memory by Polyclonal Activation of Human Memory B Cells
Bernasconi, N. L., Traggiai, E., & Lanzavecchia, A. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1076071 · Cited by 1,304
Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
Harpaz, R., Ortega‐Sanchez, I. R., & Seward, J. F. (2008) · Cited by 1,302
Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses to the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus
Hancock, K., Veguilla, V., Lu, X., Zhong, W., Butler, E. N., Sun, H., Liu, F., Dong, L., DeVos, J. R., Gargiullo, P. M., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0906453 · Cited by 1,260
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Fiore, 2007, MMWR Recomm Rep., 56, 1
- Gerhard, 2001, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol., 260, 171
- Azzalini, 1985, Scand J Statist., 12, 171
- Holm, 1979, Scand J Statist., 6, 65
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–312 of 312
D’Onofrio, V., Verstraete, M., Porrez, S., Jacobs, B., Alhatemi, A., Gussem, S. D., Verwilst, S., Willems, A., Waerlop, G., Boever, F. D., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10356158/v1
B-cell Immunity to Influenza (SLVP017) 2013
Davis, M. M. (2020) · ImmPort · doi:10.21430/m3wepi1ha3
Self-citationB-cell Immunity to Influenza (SLVP017) 2011
Davis, M. M. (2020) · ImmPort · doi:10.21430/m3hxqpvm9e
Self-citationMayr, W., Knell, A. I., Boehm, A. K., Jäger, M., Ennemoser, L., Griesmacher, A., Bellmann‐Weiler, R., Koch, R., Tilg, H., Posch, W., et al. (2026) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129224
B-cell Immunity to Influenza (SLVP017) 2010
Davis, M. (2020) · ImmPort · doi:10.21430/m30ib1zzdj
Self-citationRole of CD4+ Memory Phenotype, Memory, and Effector T Cells in Vaccination and Infection (SLVP030)
Dekker, C. (2024) · ImmPort · doi:10.21430/m3vrizvve5
Self-citationPredicting influenza vaccine antibody responses
Shen, Y. (2026) · ImmPort · doi:10.21430/m359ecb7cu
Davis, M. (2024) · ImmPort · doi:10.21430/m3xrxdhvw9
Self-citationInnate and Acquired Immunity to Influenza Infection and Immunization (SLVP029)
Dekker, C. (2024) · ImmPort · doi:10.21430/m34yfgitws
Self-citationGenetic and Environmental Factors in the Response to Influenza Vaccination 2014
Dekker, C. (2024) · ImmPort · doi:10.21430/m3e3kcypu4
Self-citationPlasmablast response to inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines (TIV3/TIV3 ID) in 2014
Greeb=nberg, H. (2024) · ImmPort · doi:10.21430/m3phciw62r
Protection against influenza in elderly ferrets by adjuvanted influenza vaccine
Ross, T. (2026) · ImmPort · doi:10.21430/m3rclq5emc
Metadata
- Authors
- Sasaki, S., Sullivan, M., Narvaez, C. F., Holmes, T. H., Furman, D., Zheng, N.-Y., Nishtala, M., Wrammert, J., Smith, K., James, J. A., Dekker, C. L., Davis, M. M., Wilson, P. C., Greenberg, H. B., & He, X.-S.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2011-08-01
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3109-3119
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3148747
- OpenAlex
- W2105359173
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 18.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AI090023, AI057266, AI057229, DK56339)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 057229, AI057158, U19AI090023, U19AI090019, AI057266, HHSN266200500026C, AI090023, U54AI057158, U19AI057229, U19AI057266)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-56339, P30DK056339)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (P30AR053483)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Keywords
- inactivated influenza vaccine, vaccine efficacy, older adults, plasmablasts, antibody avidity, antibody affinity, 2009 H1N1 pandemic, cross-reactivity, exposure history, B cells, monoclonal antibodies
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibody Affinity, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Humans, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G, Influenza, Human, Influenza Vaccines, Plasma Cells, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
