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Spatial variability of soil surface properties and consequences for the annual and monthly water balance of a semiarid environment (EFEDA experiment)

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Isabelle Braud, Randel Haverkamp, Arrúe Ugarte, José Luis, López Sánchez, María Victoria·2003·DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))
DOI 10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004

Abstract

During the second phase of the EFEDA experiment (ECHIVAL Field Experiment in a Desertification Threatened Area), the spatial variability of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity characteristics of layers 2-12 and 17-27 cm depth was characterized. A simplified method, based on particle size distribution and simple infiltration tests was used. It provided these characteristics at the nodes of a 1 km grid over 10x10 km2 around the town of Tomelloso (Castilla- La Mancha, Spain). A total number of 78 sample points were used to address the problem of soil surface properties variability and its consequences on the monthly and annual water balance. The SiSPAT (Simple Soil Plant Atmosphere Transfer model) 1-D Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) model was run with a one-year climatic forcing for the 78 soil profiles until equilibrium was reached. As no runoff was generated, the spatial variability of the water budget components only concerned soil evaporation, transpiration and deep drainage. It was found that i) the choice of the type of boundary condition at the bottom of the soil profile was greatly influencing the final variability, ii) the variability of transpiration was the largest in situations of water stress for the vegetation, iii) soil evaporation was the most sensitive component when plants were well supplied with water. Various aggregation methods of soil surface parameters (use of the arithmetic mean, median of the parameters or parameters associated to the average soil texture of the Clapp and Hornberger (1978) classification) were assessed. The use of median parameters in a single 1-D simulation was found to provide the best agreement with the average of the 78 simulations performed for each grid cell using locally measured soil properties. The use of average soil texture parameters led to a significant bias, especially in the case of water stress. / Durant la seconde phase du Projet Européen EFEDA (ECHIVAL Field Experiment in a Desertification Threatened Area), la variabilité spatiale des courbes de rétention et de conductivité hydraulique des couches 2-12 et 17-27 cm de profondeur a été caractérisée. Une méthode simplifiée, s'appuyant sur la distribution granulométrique du sol et des essais simples d'infiltration a été utilisée. Elle fournit ces propriétés hydrodynamiques sur une grille de 1 km de résolution sur une surface de 100x100 km2 autour de la ville de Tomelloso (Castilla La Mancha, Espagne). Un nombre total de 78 échantillons ont été utilisés pour étudier le problème de la variabilité spatiale des propriétés de la surface du sol et de sa conséquence sur le bilan hydrique annuel et mensuel. On a fait tourner le modèle 1D de Transfert Sol-Végétation-Atmosphère (TSVA) SiSPAT (Simple Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Transfer model) avec un forçage climatique d'une année pour les 78 profils de sol, jusqu'à ce que l'équilibre soit atteint. Comme on ne générait pas de ruissellement, la variabilité spatiale du bilan hydrique concernait uniquement l'évaporation du sol, la transpiration et le drainage profond. On a obtenu que (i) le choix du type de condition à la limite au bas de la colonne de sol influençait beaucoup la variabilité finale, (ii) la variabilité spatiale de la transpiration était la plus grande en cas de stress hydrique pour la végétation et (iii) l'évaporation du sol était la composante la plus sensible quand les plantes étaient bien alimentées en eau. Différentes méthodes d'agrégation des paramètres de surface (utilisation de la moyenne arithmétique, de la médiane des paramètres ou paramètres associés à la texture moyenne selon la classification de Clapp et Hornberger) ont été évaluées. L'utilisation de la médiane des paramètres dans une seule simulation 1D conduit au meilleur accord avec la moyenne des 78 simulations réalisées pour chaque point de grille à l'aide des mesures locales des propriétés du sol. L'utilisation de paramètres issus de la texture moyenne conduisait à un biais significatif, surtout en cas de stress hydrique.

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Metadata

Authors
Braud, I., Haverkamp, R., Arrúe Ugarte, J. L., & López Sánchez, M. V.
Venue
DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))
Publisher
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
Published
2003-01-01
DOI
10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004
OpenAlex
W4299981492
Cited by
183
References
0
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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Braud, I., Haverkamp, R., Arrúe Ugarte, J. L., & López Sánchez, M. V. (2003). Spatial variability of soil surface properties and consequences for the annual and monthly water balance of a semiarid environment (EFEDA experiment). DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)). https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004

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