Turbulence Regimes and Turbulence Intermittency in the Stable Boundary Layer during CASES-99
Open accessAbstract
An investigation of nocturnal intermittent turbulence during the Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study in 1999 (CASES-99) revealed three turbulence regimes at each observation height: 1) regime 1, a weak turbulence regime when the wind speed is less than a threshold value; 2) regime 2, a strong turbulence regime when the wind speed exceeds the threshold value; and 3) regime 3, a moderate turbulence regime when top-down turbulence sporadically bursts into the otherwise weak turbulence regime. For regime 1, the strength of small turbulence eddies is correlated with local shear and weakly related to local stratification. For regime 2, the turbulence strength increases systematically with wind speed as a result of turbulence generation by the bulk shear, which scales with the observation height. The threshold wind speed marks the transition above which the boundary layer approaches near-neutral conditions, where the turbulent mixing substantially reduces the stratification and temperature fluctuations. The preference of the turbulence regimes during CASES-99 is closely related to the existence and the strength of low-level jets. Because of the different roles of the bulk and local shear with regard to turbulence generation under different wind conditions, the relationship between turbulence strength and the local gradient Richardson number varies for the different turbulence regimes. Turbulence intermittency at any observation height was categorized in three ways: turbulence magnitude oscillations between regimes 1 and 2 as wind speed varies back and forth across its threshold value, episodic turbulence enhancements within regime 1 as a result of local instability, and downbursts of turbulence in regime 3.
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This positive feedback can lead ultimately to a very stable boundary layer, where turbulence collapses and becomes only intermittent.
“This positive feedback can lead ultimately to a very stable boundary layer (VSBL), where turbulence collapses and becomes only intermittent (Steeneveld et al., 2006;Sun et al., 2012;Van de Wiel et al., 2012).”
From In situ vertical observations of the layered structure of air pollution in a continental high-latitude urban boundary layer during winter (2025) · cites this paper as Sun et al., 2012
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes intermittent turbulence as a characteristic of stable boundary layers, and the category B discussion documents weak turbulence in a strongly stratified environment. But the paper does not establish that a positive feedback drives the boundary layer into that state; it also says turbulence never completely disappears, although it can become extremely weak. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Sun, J., Mahrt, L., Banta, R. M., & Pichugina, Y. L.
- Affiliations
- NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sun, Jielun
- Venue
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2012-01-01
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 338-351
- ISSN
- 0022-4928 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0469
- OpenAlex
- W2007139440
- Cited by
- 334
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Center for Atmospheric Research
- University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- Army Research Office
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Keywords
- stable boundary layer, turbulence intermittency, turbulence regimes, nocturnal boundary layer, CASES-99, low-level jet, wind speed threshold, Richardson number, stratification, turbulence generation
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