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A Global Merged Land–Air–Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction Based on Historical Observations (1880–1997)
Open accessAbstract
A merged land–air–sea surface temperature reconstruction analysis is developed for monthly anomalies. The reconstruction is global and spatially complete. Reconstructed anomalies damp toward zero in regions with insufficient sampling. Error estimates account for the damping associated with sparse sampling, and also for bias uncertainty in both the land and sea observations. Averages of the reconstruction are similar to simple averages of the unanalyzed data for most of the analysis period. For the nineteenth century, when sampling is most sparse and the error estimates are largest, the differences between the averaged reconstruction and the simple averages are largest. Sampling is always sparse poleward of 60° latitude, and historic reconstructions for the polar regions should be used with caution.
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Citations
Cites
Effects of changing exposure of thermometers at land stations
Parker, D. E. (1994) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.3370140102 · Cited by 169
Cited by
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Lenssen, N. J. L., Schmidt, G. A., Hansen, J. E., Menne, M. J., Persin, A., Ruedy, R., & Zyss, D. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2018jd029522 · Cited by 962
Was there a basis for anticipating the 2010 Russian heat wave?
Dole, R., Hoerling, M., Perlwitz, J., Eischeid, J., Pegion, P., Zhang, T., Quan, X.-W., Xu, T., & Murray, D. (2011) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2010gl046582 · Cited by 699
Lawrimore, J. H., Menne, M. J., Gleason, B. E., Williams, C. N., Wuertz, D. B., Vose, R. S., & Rennie, J. (2011) · Journal of Geophysical Research · doi:10.1029/2011jd016187 · Cited by 598
Berkeley Earth Temperature Averaging Process
Rohde, R., Muller, R., Jacobsen, R., Perlmutter, S., & Mosher, S. (2013) · Geoinformatics & Geostatistics: An Overview · doi:10.4172/2327-4581.1000103 · Cited by 477
Amplification of Surface Temperature Trends and Variability in the Tropical Atmosphere
Santer, B. D., Wigley, T. M. L., Mears, C., Wentz, F. J., Klein, S. A., Seidel, D. J., Taylor, K. E., Thorne, P. W., Wehner, M. F., Gleckler, P. J., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1114867 · Cited by 331
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, T. M., & Reynolds, R. W.
- Venue
- Journal of Climate
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2005-06-15
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2021-2036
- ISSN
- 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0442
- OpenAlex
- W2099336108
- Cited by
- 325
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 14.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Smith, T. M., & Reynolds, R. W. (2005). A Global Merged Land–Air–Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction Based on Historical Observations (1880–1997). Journal of Climate. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli3362.1
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