Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,060

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Soil Moisture–Atmosphere Interactions during the 2003 European Summer Heat Wave

Fischer, E. M., Seneviratne, S. I., Vidale, P. L., Lüthi, D., Schär, C.·2007·Journal of Climate
DOI 10.1175/jcli4288.1
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The role of land surface–related processes and feedbacks during the record-breaking 2003 European summer heat wave is explored with a regional climate model. All simulations are driven by lateral boundary conditions and sea surface temperatures from the ECMWF operational analysis and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), thereby prescribing the large-scale circulation. In particular, the contribution of soil moisture anomalies and their interactions with the atmosphere through latent and sensible heat fluxes is investigated. Sensitivity experiments are performed by perturbing spring soil moisture in order to determine its influence on the formation of the heat wave. A multiyear regional climate simulation for 1970–2000 using a fixed model setup is used as the reference period. A large precipitation deficit together with early vegetation green-up and strong positive radiative anomalies in the months preceding the extreme summer event contributed to an early and rapid loss of soil moisture, which exceeded the multiyear average by far. The exceptionally high temperature anomalies, most pronounced in June and August 2003, were initiated by persistent anticyclonic circulation anomalies that enabled a dominance of the local heat balance. In this experiment the hottest phase in early August is realistically simulated despite the absence of an anomaly in total surface net radiation. This indicates an important role of the partitioning of net radiation in latent and sensible heat fluxes, which is to a large extent controlled by soil moisture. The lack of soil moisture strongly reduced latent cooling and thereby amplified the surface temperature anomalies. The evaluation of the experiments with perturbed spring soil moisture shows that this quantity is an important parameter for the evolution of European heat waves. Simulations indicate that without soil moisture anomalies the summer heat anomalies could have been reduced by around 40% in some regions. Moreover, drought conditions are revealed to influence the tropospheric circulation by producing a surface heat low and enhanced ridging in the midtroposphere. This suggests a positive feedback mechanism between soil moisture, continental-scale circulation, and temperature.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1175/jcli4288.1

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 60

  1. Beniston, 2004, The 2003 heat wave in Europe: A shape of things to come? An analysis based on Swiss climatological data and model simulations., Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 10.1029/2003GL018857 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Black, 2006, The influence of oceanic conditions on the hot European summer of 2003., Climate Dyn., 28, 53, 10.1007/s00382-006-0179-8 · DOI
  3. Black, 2004, Factors contributing to the summer 2003 European heat wave., Weather, 59, 217, 10.1256/wea.74.04 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Cassou, 2005, Tropical Atlantic influence on European heat waves., J. Climate, 18, 2805, 10.1175/JCLI3506.1 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Christensen, 2003, Severe summertime flooding in Europe., Nature, 421, 805, 10.1038/421805a · DOI · Paper page
  6. Davies, 1976, A lateral boundary formulation for multi-level prediction models., Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 405
  7. Della-Marta, 2006, Summer heat waves over western Europe 1880–2003, their relationship to large scale forcings and predictability., Climate Dyn., 29, 251, 10.1007/s00382-007-0233-1 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Dickinson, R. E. , 1984: Modeling evapo-transpiration for the three dimensional global climate models. Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity, Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 29, Amer. Geophys. Union, 58–72. · DOI · Paper page
  9. Ferranti, 2006, The European summer of 2003: Sensitivity to soil water initial conditions., J. Climate, 19, 3659, 10.1175/JCLI3810.1 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Fink, 2004, The 2003 European summer heat waves and drought–synoptic diagnosis and impacts., Weather, 59, 209, 10.1256/wea.73.04 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Hansen, 1999, GISS analysis of surface temperature change., J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30997, 10.1029/1999JD900835 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Hansen, 2001, A closer look at United States and global surface temperature change., J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23947, 10.1029/2001JD000354 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Heck, 2001, Climate impacts of European-scale anthropogenic vegetation changes: A study with a regional climate model., J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7817, 10.1029/2000JD900673 · DOI
  14. Hirschi, 2006, Seasonal variations in terrestrial water storage for major midlatitude river basins., J. Hydrometeor., 7, 39, 10.1175/JHM480.1 · doi:10.1175/jhm480.1
  15. Hirschi, 2006, Basin-scale water-balance estimates of terrestrial water storage variations from ECMWF operational forecast analysis., Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, 10.1029/2006GL027659 · doi:10.1029/2006gl027659
  16. Hirschi, 2007, Analysis of seasonal terrestrial water storage variations in regional climate simulations over Europe., J. Geophys. Res., 10.1029/2006JD008338 · doi:10.1029/2006jd008338
  17. Hohenegger, 2005, Sensitivity of the European climate to aerosol forcing as simulated with a regional climate model., J. Geophys. Res., 110, 10.1029/2004JD005335 · DOI
  18. Jacobsen, 1982, A new economic method for the computation of the surface temperature in numerical models., Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 55, 128
  19. Jung, 2006, Response to the summer of 2003 Mediterranean SST anomalies over Europe and Africa., J. Climate, 19, 5439, 10.1175/JCLI3916.1 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Kessler, E. , 1969: On the Distribution and Continuity of Water Substance in Atmospheric Circulation. Meteor. Monogr., No. 32, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84 pp. · DOI · Paper page
  21. Klein Tank, 2005, Signals of anthropogenic influence on European warming as seen in the trend patterns of daily temperature variance., Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1, 10.1002/joc.1087 · DOI
  22. Koster, 2001, Soil moisture memory in climate models., J. Hydrometeor., 2, 558, 10.1175/1525-7541(2001)002<0558:SMMICM>2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Kunkel, 1996, The July 1995 heat wave in the Midwest: A climatic perspective and critical weather factors., Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1507, 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<1507:TJHWIT>2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Lakshmi, 2004, Soil moisture as an indicator of weather extremes., Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 10.1029/2004GL019930 · doi:10.1029/2004gl019930
  25. Lin, 1983, Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model., J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065, 10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<1065:BPOTSF>2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Luterbacher, 2004, European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500., Science, 303, 1499, 10.1126/science.1093877 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Lüthi, 1996, Interannual variability and regional climate simulations., Theor. Appl. Climatol., 53, 185, 10.1007/BF00871736 · doi:10.1007/bf00871736
  28. Majewski, D. , 1991: The Europa-Modell of the Deutscher Wetterdienst. Proc. Seminar on Numerical Methods in Atmospheric Models, Vol. 2, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF, 147–191.
  29. Majewski, D., and R.Schrodin, 1994: Short description of the Europa-Modell (EM) and Deutschland-Modell (DM) of the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). DWD Quarterly Bull., 78 pp.
  30. Mellor, 1974, A hierarchy of turbulent closure models for planetary boundary layers., J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1791, 10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<1791:AHOTCM>2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Ogi, 2005, The summer northern annular mode and abnormal summer weather in 2003., Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, 10.1029/2004GL021528 · DOI
  32. Oglesby, 1989, Soil moisture and the persistence of North American drought as simulated by the NCAR community climate model 1., J. Climate, 2, 1362, 10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<1362:SMATPO>2.0.CO;2 · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<1362:smatpo>2.0.co;2
  33. Ohmura, 1998, Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN/WRMC): New precision radiometry for climate research., Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2115, 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2115:BSRNBW>2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  34. Ordóñez, 2005, Changes of daily surface ozone maxima in Switzerland in all seasons from 1992 to 2002 and discussion of summer 2003., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1187, 10.5194/acp-5-1187-2005 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Orsolini, 2006, A low-ozone episode during the European heat wave of August 2003., Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 132, 667, 10.1256/qj.05.30 · DOI
  36. Pal, 2003, A feedback mechanism between soil moisture distribution and storm tracks., Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 2279, 10.1256/qj.01.201 · DOI
  37. Palecki, 2001, The nature and impacts of the July 1999 heat wave in the midwestern United States: Learning from the lessons of 1995., Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 1353, 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<1353:TNAIOT>2.3.CO;2 · DOI
  38. Ritter, 1992, A comprehensive radiation scheme for numerical weather prediction models with potential applications in climate simulations., Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 303, 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0303:ACRSFN>2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Rowell, 2005, A scenario of European climate change for the late twenty-first century: Seasonal means and interannual variability., Climate Dyn., 25, 837, 10.1007/s00382-005-0068-6 · DOI · Paper page
  40. Rowell, 2006, Causes and uncertainty of future summer drying over Europe., Climate Dyn., 27, 281, 10.1007/s00382-006-0125-9 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Rowntree, 1983, Simulations of the atmospheric response to soil moisture anomalies over Europe., Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 109, 501, 10.1002/qj.49710946105 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Rudolf, B., H.Hauschild, W.Rueth, and U.Schneider, 1994: Terrestrial precipitation analysis: Operational method and required density of point measurements. Global Precipitations and Climate Change, M. Desbois and F. Désalmand, Eds., NATO ASI Series I, Vol. 26, Springer-Verlag, 173–186. · DOI · Paper page
  43. Schär, 2004, Hot news from summer 2003., Nature, 432, 559, 10.1038/432559a · DOI · Paper page
  44. Schär, 1999, The soil-precipitation feedback: A process study with a regional climate model., J. Climate, 12, 722, 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<0722:TSPFAP>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
  45. Schär, 2004, The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heat waves., Nature, 427, 332, 10.1038/nature02300 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Schönwiese, 2004, The hot summer 2003 in Germany. Some preliminary results of a statistical time series analysis., Meteor. Z., 13, 323, 10.1127/0941-2948/2004/0013-0323 · doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2004/0013-0323
  47. Seneviratne, 2004, Inferring changes in terrestrial water storage using ERA-40 reanalysis data: The Mississippi river basin., J. Climate, 17, 2039, 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2039:ICITWS>2.0.CO;2 · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2039:icitws>2.0.co;2
  48. Seneviratne, 2006, Soil moisture memory in AGCM simulations: Analysis of Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) data., J. Hydrometeor., 7, 1090, 10.1175/JHM533.1 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Seneviratne, 2006, Land-atmosphere coupling and climate change in Europe., Nature, 443, 205, 10.1038/nature05095 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Solberg, 2005, European abatement of surface ozone in a global perspective., Ambio, 34, 47, 10.1579/0044-7447-34.1.47 · doi:10.1579/0044-7447-34.1.47
  51. Sutton, 2005, Atlantic Ocean forcing of North American and European summer climate., Science, 309, 115, 10.1126/science.1109496 · DOI · Paper page
  52. Tiedtke, 1989, A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models., Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779, 10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1779:ACMFSF>2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  53. Vandentorren, 2004, Mortality in 13 French cities during the August 2003 heat wave., Amer. J. Public Health, 94, 1518, 10.2105/AJPH.94.9.1518 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Vautard, 2007, Summertime European heat and drought waves induced by wintertime Mediterranean rainfall deficit., Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 10.1029/2006GL028001 · DOI · Paper page
  55. Vidale, 2003, Predictability and uncertainty in a regional climate model., J. Geophys. Res., 108, 10.1029/2002JD002810 · DOI
  56. Vidale, 2007, European summer climate variability in a heterogeneous multi-model ensemble., Climatic Change, 81, 209, 10.1007/s10584-006-9218-z · DOI
  57. Xoplaki, 2003, Mediterranean summer air temperature variability and its connection to the large-scale atmospheric circulation and SSTs., Climate Dyn., 20, 723, 10.1007/s00382-003-0304-x · DOI · Paper page
  58. Xue, 1996, The impact of desertification in the Mongolian and the Inner Mongolian grassland on the regional climate., J. Climate, 9, 2173, 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2173:TIODIT>2.0.CO;2 · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2173:tiodit>2.0.co;2
  59. Zaitchik, 2006, Europe’s 2003 heat wave: A satellite view of impacts and land-atmosphere feedbacks., Int. J. Climatol., 26, 743, 10.1002/joc.1280 · DOI · Paper page
  60. Zemp, 2005, Worldwide glacier mass balance measurements: General trends and first results of the extraordinary year 2003 in Central Europe., Data Glaciol. Stud., 99, 3

Cited by

See all 1,060

Metadata

Authors
Fischer, E. M., Seneviratne, S. I., Vidale, P. L., Lüthi, D., & Schär, C.
Venue
Journal of Climate
Publisher
American Meteorological Society
Published
2007-10-15
Volume
20
Issue
20
Pages
5081-5099
ISSN
  • 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-0442
DOI
10.1175/jcli4288.1
OpenAlex
W2139119091
Cited by
1,060
References
2
FWCI
13.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.