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Intensification of Upper-Ocean Submesoscale Turbulence through Charney Baroclinic Instability
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This study focuses on the description of an oceanic variant of the Charney baroclinic instability, arising from the joint presence of (i) an equatorward buoyancy gradient that extends from the surface into the ocean interior and (ii) reduced subsurface stratification, for example, as produced by wintertime convection or subduction. This study analyzes forced dissipative simulations with and without Charney baroclinic instability (C-BCI). In the former, C-BCI strengthens near-surface frontal activity with important consequences in terms of turbulent statistics: increased variance of vertical vorticity and velocity and increased vertical turbulent fluxes. Energetic consequences are explored. Despite the atypical enhancement of submesoscale activity in the simulation subjected to C-BCI, and contrary to several recent studies, the downscale energy flux at the submesoscale en route to dissipation remains modest in the flow energetic equilibration. In particular, it is modest vis à vis the global energy input to the system, the eddy kinetic energy input through conversion of available potential energy, and the classical inverse cascade of kinetic energy. Linear stability analysis suggests that the southern flank of the Gulf Stream may be conducive to oceanic Charney baroclinic instability in spring, following mode water formation and upper-ocean destratification.
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The result is consistent with the limited vertical extension of submesoscale turbulence, which is typically confined into the mixed layer in most oceanic regimes.
“Although this may seem surprising given the shallow nature of the problem under consideration, this is consistent with the limited vertical extension of submesoscale turbulence, which is typically confined into the mixed layer in most oceanic regimes [see Capet et al. (2016) for a counterexample where Charney instability is present].”
From Competition between Baroclinic Instability and Ekman Transport under Varying Buoyancy Forcings in Upwelling Systems: An Idealized Analog to the Southern Ocean (2021) · cites this paper as Capet et al. (2016)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Capet, X., Roullet, G., Klein, P., & Maze, G.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Venue
- Journal of Physical Oceanography
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3365-3384
- ISSN
- 0022-3670 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0485
- OpenAlex
- W2483400176
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 4.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hal.science
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Journal of Physical Oceanography (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-11-JS56-0009)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Keywords
- upper ocean turbulence, submesoscale turbulence, frontal activity, buoyancy gradient, subduction, turbulent fluxes, inverse cascade, eddy kinetic energy, linear stability analysis, Gulf Stream, mode water formation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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