The shallow and deep western boundary circulation of the South Atlantic at 5°-11°S.
Open accessAbstract
Repeated shipboard observation sections across the boundary flow off northeastern Brazil as well as acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and current-meter records from a moored boundary array deployed during 2000–04 near 11°S are analyzed here for both the northward warm water flow by the North Brazil Undercurrent (NBUC) above approximately 1100 m and the southward flow of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) underneath. At 5°S, the mean from nine sections yields an NBUC transport of 26.5 ± 3.7 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) along the boundary; at 11°S the mean NBUC transport from five sections is 25.4 ± 7.4 Sv, confirming that the NBUC is already well developed at 11°S. At both latitudes a persistent offshore southward recirculation between 200- and 1100-m depth reduces the net northward warm water flow through the 5°S section (west of 31.5°W) to 22.1 ± 5.3 Sv and through the 11°S section to 21.7 ± 4.1 Sv (west of 32.0°W). The 4-yr-long NBUC transport time series from 11°S yields a seasonal cycle of 2.5 Sv amplitude with its northward maximum in July. Interannual NBUC transport variations are small, varying only by ±1.2 Sv during the four years, with no detectable trend. The southward flow of NADW within the deep western boundary current at 5°S is 25.5 ± 8.3 Sv with an offshore northward recirculation, yielding a nine-section mean of 20.3 ± 10.1 Sv west of 31.5°W. For Antarctic Bottom Water, a net northward flow of 4.4 ± 3.0 Sv is determined at 5°S. For the 11°S section, the moored array data show a pronounced energy maximum at 60–70-day period in the NADW depth range, which was identified in related work as deep eddies translating southward along the boundary. Based on a kinematic eddy model fit to the first half of the moored time series, the mean NADW transfer by the deep eddies at 11°S was estimated to be about 17 Sv. Given the large interannual variability of the deep near-boundary transport time series, which ranged from 14 to 24 Sv, the 11°S mean was considered to be not distinguishable from the mean at 5°S.
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An array of four velocity moorings has been installed at the Brazilian continental slope along 11S from 2000 to 2004 and since 2013, measuring the shallow and DWBC.
“An array consisting of four velocity moorings has been installed at the Brazilian continental slope along 11 • S from 2000 to 2004 and since 2013, measuring the shallow and DWBC (Schott et al., 2005;Hummels et al., 2015).”
From The tropical atlantic observing system (2019) · cites this paper as Schott et al., 2005
The moored-array observations section reports measurements near 11°S from 2000 to 2004, covering shallow flow and the deep western boundary current. It says the array initially had five moorings; four were deployed from 2002 to 2004. This 2005 paper does not document the installation since 2013 mentioned in the jointly cited sentence. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Representation of the Mean Atlantic Subtropical Cells in CMIP6 Models
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Inclusive science in the South Atlantic
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- Authors
- Schott, F. A., Dengler, M., Zantopp, R., Stramma, L., Fischer, J., & Brandt, P.
- Affiliations
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of Physical Oceanography
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2005-11-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2031-2053
- ISSN
- 0022-3670 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0485
- OpenAlex
- W1976959491
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Physical Oceanography (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (03F0246A/0)
- Universidade de Pernambuco
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Keywords
- North Atlantic Deep Water, Deep Western Boundary Current, South Atlantic, eddy transport, Antarctic Bottom Water, seasonal cycle, interannual variability
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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