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Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: a replication with psychiatric outpatients
Abstract
A prospective study of 1,958 outpatients found that hopelessness, as measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale, was significantly related to eventual suicide. A scale cutoff score of 9 or above identified 16 (94.2%) of the 17 patients who eventually committed suicide, thus replicating a previous study with hospitalized patients. The high-risk group identified by this cutoff score was 11 times more likely to commit suicide than the rest of the outpatients. The Beck Hopelessness Scale thus may be used as a sensitive indicator of suicide potential.
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“Several international studies reported good psychometric properties of the BHS and suggested satisfactory ability in predicting subsequent suicide behavior, and general health and social functioning [30–34].”
From High depression symptomatology and mental pain characterize suicidal psychiatric patients (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“A score of 9 or higher could detect patients at risk for suicide [31, 35].”
From High depression symptomatology and mental pain characterize suicidal psychiatric patients (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“central therapeutic targets in this clinical cohort because of their independent links to suicidal thoughts and behaviors [50,51]”
From Feasibility and utility of positive psychology exercises for suicidal inpatients (2014) · cites this paper as [50]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Beck, A. T., Brown, G. P., Berchick, R. J., Stewart, B. L., & Steer, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1990-02-01
- Volume
- 147
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 190-195
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2179463885
- Cited by
- 1,120
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 20.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- hopelessness, suicide, Beck Hopelessness Scale, psychiatric outpatients, suicide risk prediction, suicide potential, replication, cut-off values, hospitalized patients
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcoholism, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Suicide
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