Cited by 1,120Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesOptimism, Hope, and Well-being

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Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: a replication with psychiatric outpatients

Aaron Tim Beck, Gary P. Brown, Robert J. Berchick, Bonnie L. Stewart, R A Steer·1990·American Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1176/ajp.147.2.190

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Abstract

A prospective study of 1,958 outpatients found that hopelessness, as measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale, was significantly related to eventual suicide. A scale cutoff score of 9 or above identified 16 (94.2%) of the 17 patients who eventually committed suicide, thus replicating a previous study with hospitalized patients. The high-risk group identified by this cutoff score was 11 times more likely to commit suicide than the rest of the outpatients. The Beck Hopelessness Scale thus may be used as a sensitive indicator of suicide potential.

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Authors: Beck, A. T., Brown, G. P., Berchick, R. J., Stewart, B. L., & Steer, R. A.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
ORCID: Aaron Tim Beck
Gary P. Brown
Venue: American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 1990-02-01
Volume: 147
Issue: 2
Pages: 190-195
ISSN: 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
1535-7228
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.147.2.190
OpenAlex: W2179463885
Cited by: 1,120
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 47
FWCI: 20.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Keywords: hopelessness, suicide, Beck Hopelessness Scale, psychiatric outpatients, suicide risk prediction, suicide potential, replication, cut-off values, hospitalized patients
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcoholism, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Suicide

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Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: a replication with psychiatric outpatients

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