The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Vitamin B12, Folate, and Homocysteine in Depression: The Rotterdam Study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The associations of vitamin B(12), folate, and homocysteine with depression were examined in a population-based study. METHOD: The authors screened 3,884 elderly people for depressive symptoms. Subjects with positive screening results had psychiatric workups. Folate, vitamin B(12), and homocysteine blood levels were compared in 278 persons with depressive symptoms, including 112 with depressive disorders, and 416 randomly selected reference subjects. Adjustments were made for age, gender, cardiovascular disease, and functional disability. RESULTS: Hyperhomocysteinemia, vitamin B(12) deficiency, and to a lesser extent, folate deficiency were all related to depressive disorders. For folate deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia, the association with depressive disorders was substantially reduced after adjustment for functional disability and cardiovascular disease, but for vitamin B(12) this appeared independent. CONCLUSIONS: The association of vitamin B(12) and folate with depressive disorders may have different underlying mechanisms. Vitamin B(12) may be causally related to depression, whereas the relation with folate is due to physical comorbidity.
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“A population-based study in 3884 elderly men and women with depressive disorders found that those with vitamin B12 deficiency were almost 70% more likely to experience depression than those with normal vitamin B12 status [170].”
From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [170]
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Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis
Fries, J. F., Spitz, P. W., Kraines, R. G., & Holman, H. R. (1980) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780230202 · Cited by 4,404
Review of community prevalence of depression in later life
Beekman, A. T. F., Copeland, J. R. M., & Prince, M. J. (1999) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.174.4.307 · Cited by 1,139
Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression
Bottiglieri, T. (2000) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.69.2.228 · Cited by 546
Penninx, B. W. J. H., Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Fried, L. P., Allen, R. H., & Stabler, S. P. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.715 · Cited by 285
Nutrition and depression: focus on folate
Alpert, J. E., Mischoulon, D., Nierenberg, A. A., & D, M. F. M. (2000) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00327-0 · Cited by 148
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Freudenreich, O., Donnelly-Boylen, K. M., & Gandhi, R. T. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg09
Chapter 21. Substance Use Disorders in the Medical Setting
Sharma, S., Haddad, S. E., & Suzuki, J. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg21
Chapter 5. Toxicological Exposures and Nutritional Deficiencies in the Psychiatric Patient
Zein, M., Khan, S., Legha, J. K., & Wasserman, L. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg05
Chapter 11. Renal Disease in Patients With Psychiatric Illness
Chan, L., & Bostwick, J. M. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378869.lg11
Wang, X., Xu, J., Xu, W., Zhang, Y., & Gao, J. D. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08185-0
“The literature on the role of homocysteine in mood disorders presents conflicting evidence (Tiemeier et al., 2002; Morris et al., 2003).”
Liu, D. Y., Liao, F., Xiong, Y., & Huang, Z. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000046149
THE ROLE OF VITAMIN B12 AND FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCIES IN ORAL LICHEN PLANUS
Elmarssafy, L. H., & Hussein, F. (2025) · Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.62610/rjor.2025.3.17.1
Cunha, N., Noronha, M., Abrunhosa, S. F., da Rocha, A. M. C. N., & do Amaral, T. F. (2010) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Metadata
- Authors
- Tiemeier, H., van Tuijl, H. R., Hofman, A., Meijer, J., Kiliaan, A. J., & Breteler, M. M. B.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2002-12-01
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2099-2101
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2131673402
- Cited by
- 408
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 8.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, hyperhomocysteinemia, depression, depressive disorders, vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, older adults, functional disability, cardiovascular disease, comorbidities
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Depressive Disorder, Female, Folic Acid Deficiency, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Vitamin B 12 Deficiency, Hyperhomocysteinemia
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