Cited by 127Schizophrenia research and treatmentGenetic Associations and EpidemiologyEvolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior

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Fertility of Patients With Schizophrenia, Their Siblings, and the General Population: A Cohort Study From 1950 to 1959 in Finland

Haukka, Jari, Suvisaari, Jaana, Lönnqvist, Jouko·2003·American Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.460

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Genetic factors are the most important risk factors for schizophrenia. However, despite the fact that patients with schizophrenia have significantly fewer offspring than the general population, schizophrenia persists. The authors investigated whether the siblings of patients with schizophrenia produce more offspring, thereby compensating for the low fertility of the affected individuals. METHOD: From all 870,093 individuals born in Finland from 1950 to 1959, the authors determined how many had schizophrenia or were siblings of schizophrenia patients and how many offspring they had. The population data were obtained from the Population Register Center of Finland, and the National Hospital Discharge Register was used to identify all persons who had been hospitalized because of schizophrenia. Appropriate regression models were used to model age at the birth of the first child, number of children, and proportion of males among offspring. RESULTS: Of the total population, 1.3% were patients with schizophrenia, and 2.8% were their siblings. The mean number of offspring among female siblings was slightly but significantly higher than among women in the general population (1.89 versus 1.83), while the opposite was true for the male siblings (1.57 versus 1.65 among men in the general population). The mean number of offspring among patients with schizophrenia was 0.83 for women and 0.44 for men. CONCLUSIONS: Lower than average fertility among patients with schizophrenia is not compensated for by higher fertility among their siblings. Thus, the persistence of schizophrenia in the general population is not explained by this simple evolutionary mechanism.

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Authors: Haukka, J., Suvisaari, J., & Lönnqvist, J.
ORCID: Haukka, Jari
Suvisaari, Jaana
Lönnqvist, Jouko
Venue: American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 2003-03-01
Volume: 160
Issue: 3
Pages: 460-463
ISSN: 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
1535-7228
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.460
OpenAlex: W2103544303
Cited by: 126
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 3.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Keywords: schizophrenia, fertility, siblings of patients, offspring number, age at first birth, offspring sex ratio, genetic risk factors, Finland
MeSH terms: Adult, Birth Rate, Family Characteristics, Female, Fertility, Finland, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Maternal Age, Parity, Registries, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Sex Factors, Sex Ratio, Cohort Studies, Siblings

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Fertility of Patients With Schizophrenia, Their Siblings, and the General Population: A Cohort Study From 1950 to 1959 in Finland

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