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Prevalence and Heritability of Compulsive Hoarding: A Twin Study
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Compulsive hoarding is a serious health problem for the sufferers, their families, and the community at large. It appears to be highly prevalent and to run in families. However, this familiality could be due to genetic or environmental factors. This study examined the prevalence and heritability of compulsive hoarding in a large sample of twins. METHOD: A total of 5,022 twins completed a validated measure of compulsive hoarding. The prevalence of severe hoarding was determined using empirically derived cutoffs. Genetic and environmental influences on compulsive hoarding were estimated using liability threshold models, and maximum-likelihood univariate model-fitting analyses were employed to decompose the variance in the liability to compulsive hoarding into additive genetic and shared and nonshared environmental factors (female twins only; N=4,355). RESULTS: A total of 2.3% of twins met criteria for caseness, with significantly higher rates observed for male (4.1%) than for female (2.1%) twins. Model-fitting analyses in female twins showed that genetic factors accounted for approximately 50% of the variance in compulsive hoarding, with nonshared environmental factors and measurement error accounting for the other half. CONCLUSIONS: Compulsive hoarding is highly prevalent and heritable, at least in women, with nonshared environmental factors also likely to play an important role.
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“Preliminary epidemiological evidence suggests increased hoarding in males (Samuels et al., 2008; Iervolino et al., 2009), but likely accompanied by even greater lack of insight.”
From The profile of executive function in OCD hoarders and hoarding disorder (2014) · cites this paper as Iervolino et al., 2009
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Højgaard, D. R. M. A., Skarphéðinsson, G., Ivarsson, T., Weidle, B., Nissen, J. B., Hybel, K. A., Torp, N. C., Melin, K., & Thomsen, P. H. (2019) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-019-01276-x · Cited by 25
Coordinated Community-Based Hoarding Interventions: Evidence of Case Management Practices
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Nutley, S. K., Camacho, M. R., Eichenbaum, J., Nosheny, R. L., Weiner, M. W., Delucchi, K., Mackin, R. S., & Mathews, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.032 · Cited by 25
Elevated levels of hoarding in ADHD: A special link with inattention
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Treatment for Hoarding Disorder
Steketee, G. S., & Frost, R. O. (2013) · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780199334964.001.0001 · Cited by 24
Perceived and actual information processing deficits in nonclinical hoarding
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Genome-wide association study of hoarding traits
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Self-citationA Review of the Diagnosis and Management of Hoarding Disorder
Timpano, K. R., Muroff, J. R., & Steketee, G. S. (2016) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-016-0098-1 · Cited by 21
The Family Impact Scale for Hoarding (FISH): Measure development and initial validation
Nordsletten, A. E., de la Cruz, L. F., Drury, H., Ajmi, S., Saleem, S., & Mataix‐Cols, D. (2013) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.10.003 · Cited by 21
Self-citationClinical characteristics and predictors of hoarding in children with anxiety disorders
Hamblin, R. J., Lewin, A. B., Salloum, A., Crawford, E. A., McBride, N. M., & Storch, E. A. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.07.006 · Cited by 20
Prevalence and Correlates of Difficulty Discarding
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A Virtual Reality Study of the Relationships Between Hoarding, Clutter, and Claustrophobia
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Traumatic and stressful life events in hoarding: the role of loss and deprivation
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Toward a biopsychosocial model of hoarding disorder
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Metadata
- Authors
- Iervolino, A. C., Perroud, N., Fullana, M. A., Guipponi, M., Cherkas, L., Collier, D. A., & Mataix-Cols, D.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 166
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1156-1161
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2095248779
- Cited by
- 297
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 17.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Keywords
- hoarding disorder, prevalence, heritability, twin studies, genetic susceptibility, nonshared environment, shared environment, sex differences, liability threshold model, measurement error
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Compulsive Behavior, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Models, Statistical, Prevalence, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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