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Application of DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder to Three Samples of Children With DSM-IV Diagnoses of Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Substantial revisions to the DSM-IV criteria for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been proposed in efforts to increase diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. This study evaluated the proposed DSM-5 criteria for the single diagnostic category of autism spectrum disorder in children with DSM-IV diagnoses of pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) and non-PDD diagnoses. METHOD: Three data sets included 4,453 children with DSM-IV clinical PDD diagnoses and 690 with non-PDD diagnoses (e.g., language disorder). Items from a parent report measure of ASD symptoms (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised) and clinical observation instrument (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) were matched to DSM-5 criteria and used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed DSM-5 criteria and current DSM-IV criteria when compared with clinical diagnoses. RESULTS: Based on just parent data, the proposed DSM-5 criteria identified 91% of children with clinical DSM-IV PDD diagnoses. Sensitivity remained high in specific subgroups, including girls and children under 4. The specificity of DSM-5 ASD was 0.53 overall, while the specificity of DSM-IV ranged from 0.24, for clinically diagnosed PDD not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), to 0.53, for autistic disorder. When data were required from both parent and clinical observation, the specificity of the DSM-5 criteria increased to 0.63. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that most children with DSM-IV PDD diagnoses would remain eligible for an ASD diagnosis under the proposed DSM-5 criteria. Compared with the DSM-IV criteria for Asperger's disorder and PDD-NOS, the DSM-5 ASD criteria have greater specificity, particularly when abnormalities are evident from both parents and clinical observation.
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“Furthermore, the shift from multiple subcategories to a single dimension resulted in improved diagnostic specificity and good diagnostic sensitivity, with over 90% of children with PDDs meeting DSM-5 ASD criteria (Huerta et al. 2012; Mandy et al. 2012), and with the remainder likely captured by the new social communication disorder diagnosis.”
From The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond (2021) · cites this paper as Huerta et al. 2012
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“In addition, they report adequate sensitivity for children diagnosed with PDD-NOS and Asperger's Disorder, and for girls and children with nonverbal IQs below 70.Specificity estimates for those groups were highly variable and often unacceptably low.”
From Sensitivity and Specificity of Proposed DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Toddlers (2013) · cites this paper as Huerta, Bishop, Duncan, Hus, and Lord (2012)
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“Retrospective analyses of large ASD data repositories indicate that the majority of individuals with DSM-IV PDD will continue to meet criteria for ASD under DSM-5, but prospective studies are needed to understand how diagnoses of ASD and social (pragmatic) communication disorder, as well as new ASD specifiers, modifiers, and severity ratings, will function in practice.”
From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Huerta et al. 2012
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“The data from older children and adolescents suggested that by far the greatest majority of those with DSM-IV diagnoses of any PDD met DSM-5 social communication criteria currently (Huerta et al. 2012)”
From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Huerta et al. 2012
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“when datasets were examined, almost all individuals with any ASD (i.e., PDD-NOS, Asperger's, or autism) had behaviors from at least one RRB subdomain, and when history was taken into account, the vast majority had behaviors from at least two or even three of the different DSM-5 subdomains (Huerta et al. 2012).”
From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Huerta et al. 2012
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“there is some overlap between criterion A 1 and criterion A 3 (Huerta et al., 2012)”
From Sensitivity and Specificity of Proposed DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Toddlers (2013) · cites this paper as Huerta et al., 2012
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“They report that the new DSM-5 criteria identified 91% of the children with DSM-IV-TR diagnoses of PDD with specificity estimated at .53.”
From Sensitivity and Specificity of Proposed DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Toddlers (2013) · cites this paper as Huerta, Bishop, Duncan, Hus, and Lord (2012)
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“However, another substantially large retrospective study using data from three existing datasets found few differences between the two systems in sensitivity [15].”
From Subgrouping the Autism Spectrum: Reflections on DSM-5 (2013) · cites this paper as [15]
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“a large study using major databases found that more than four times as many autistic children failed to meet the social communication domain requirement only (more than 6.2%) as compared to the restricted and repetitive behavior domain (less than 1.5%; Huerta et al. [35]).”
From Lobbying Autism's Diagnostic Revision in the DSM-5 (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
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“Earlier studies [17,18,20,26,44] consisted of patients who were already carrying a diagnostic label and were tried to be fit into DSM-5 ASD criteria.”
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“Moreover, analyses that include both ASD and non-ASD participants highlight the poor specificity that is achieved when only symptom counts (from DSM-IV or DSM-5) are considered (e.g., Huerta et al. 2012).”
From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Huerta et al. 2012
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“An investigation of large datasets that included multiple questions about behavior, such as the ADI-R or the Social Responsiveness Scale (Constantino & Gruber 2005), indicated that few children with any former PDD diagnosis (including PDD-NOS) would fail to meet ASD criteria (Frazier et al. 2012, Huerta et al. 2012).”
From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Huerta et al. 2012
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“and poor predictive ability of later outcome based on these subtypes [17,18]”
From DSM-5 and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs): an opportunity for identifying ASD subtypes (2013) · cites this paper as [18]
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“Several investigators examined the reliability of DSM-5 criteria against DSM-IV criteria using clinical samples, and concluded that the DSM-5 criteria have specificity and sensitivity against DSM-IV criteria (Frazier et al., 2012; Huerta, Bishop, Duncan, Hus, & Lord, 2012).”
Adebisi, R. O. (2020) · Konselor · doi:10.24036/0202094109465-0-00 · Cited by 1
Han, H. S.-A. (2014) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7916/d82v2d8k · Cited by 1
Heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorder(s)
Gwynette, M. F. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.06.015 · Cited by 1
Mis-Detection Controlled Estimation: Explaining Variations in the Observed Incidence of AutismPreprint
Candon, M., & Bradford, W. D. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2519117 · Cited by 1
Sheffield, K. (2014) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.3219 · Cited by 1
McKernan, E. P. (2017) · Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University) · Cited by 1
Socio-sexual functioning in autism spectrum disorders
Hancock, G. I. (2017) · Figshare · Cited by 1
DSM-5 and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Smith, I. C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102158 · Cited by 1
Comparison of High-Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome
Margari, L., de Giambattista, C., & Ventura, P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102343 · Cited by 1
DSM-5 and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Smith, I. C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102158-1 · Cited by 1
Raising Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges and SuggestionsPreprint
Sun, T., & Heng, K. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4881582 · Cited by 1
Goal Achievement in Young Adults with Asperger Syndrome and High Functioning Autism
Racobaldo, M. (2015) · Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina)
The Neurodevelopment Of Basic Sensory Processing And Integration In Autism Spectrum Disorder
Brandwein, A. B. (2014) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
Dobson, L. A. (2014) · UST Research Online (University of St. Thomas - Minnesota)
Adolescent Mental Health and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
Sharp, S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7497-6_3
Implications of ICD and DSM on Screening, Diagnosis, and Monitoring
Carrington, S. J. (2016) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27171-2_7
“Both Huerta et al. (2012) and Mazefsky et al.”
BackgroundPsychological diagnosis, the ‘Package Deal’ and constructions of ASD
Wilson, N. K. (2016) · City Research Online (City University London)
Parents and Teachers' Perceptions and Clinical Diagnosis of Autism Among White and Non-White Groups
Gopaul, M. (2017) · ScholarWorks (Walden University)
Konst, M. J. (2013) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.3270
“In a recent study of PDD-NOS using DSM-IV-TR criteria, Fombonne (2005) identified an incidence rate of 20.8 per 10,000.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWard, S. L. (2016) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.98724
Villagomez, A. N. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/avqx-3h48
He, R. Q., & Sl, H. (2017) · Journal of Medical Diagnostic Methods · doi:10.4172/2168-9784.1000244
Shujah, Z., & Mulligan, A. (2017) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2017.35
“A comparison study of DSM-5 criteria with DSM-IV found that most of patients with diagnosis of ASD underDSM-IVwill retain their diagnosis under DSM-5 (Huerta et al. 2012).”
ResultIntroduction of the Concept of Social Dysfunction Spectrum
Geon, H. B., jung, L. Y., & Han, J. H. (2014) · Saengmul jeongsin euihag/Saengmul jeongsin uihak
Mental Health Crises in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Kalb, L. G. (2017)
Rahardjo, T. M., OSCAR, F. W., & Redjeki, I. S. (2016)
Ontario physicians' perceived competency when providing care for individuals with ASD
Golnaz, G. (2017) · Lu Zone Ul (Laurentian University)
Janah, N. M., & Rudiyati, S. (2019) · International Conference on Special and Inclusive Education (ICSIE) · doi:10.2991/icsie-18.2019.28
Teacher isolation and the inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder: Bridging the divide
Coates, M. G. (2019) · Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) · doi:10.26199/5ddf4ad11bd85
A Bilingual Child Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Bridges-Bond, S. (2020) · Advances in linguistics and communication studies · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-2261-5.ch005
石坂, 好. (2016) · 児童青年精神医学とその近接領域 · doi:10.20615/jscap.57.1_205
Metadata
- Authors
- Huerta, M., Bishop, S. L., Duncan, A., Hus, V., & Lord, C.
- Affiliations
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 169
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1056-1064
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC6003412
- OpenAlex
- W2111411972
- Semantic Scholar
- ce429d77f9bbe9de7d0d8aa97f126480971490e9
- Cited by
- 341
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 22.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5rc1mh089721-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (RC1 MH-089721, R01MH081873)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD065277)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, DSM-IV, pervasive developmental disorders, sensitivity and specificity, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, autistic disorder, children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Asperger Syndrome, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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