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Elevated Maternal C-Reactive Protein and Increased Risk of Schizophrenia in a National Birth Cohort
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to investigate an association between early gestational C-reactive protein, an established inflammatory biomarker, prospectively assayed in maternal sera, and schizophrenia in a large, national birth cohort with an extensive serum biobank. METHOD: A nested case-control design from the Finnish Prenatal Study of Schizophrenia cohort was utilized. A total of 777 schizophrenia cases (schizophrenia, N=630; schizoaffective disorder, N=147) with maternal sera available for C-reactive protein testing were identified and matched to 777 control subjects in the analysis. Maternal C-reactive protein levels were assessed using a latex immunoassay from archived maternal serum specimens. RESULTS: Increasing maternal C-reactive protein levels, classified as a continuous variable, were significantly associated with schizophrenia in offspring (adjusted odds ratio=1.31, 95% confidence interval=1.10-1.56). This finding remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders, including maternal and parental history of psychiatric disorders, twin/singleton birth, urbanicity, province of birth, and maternal socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: This finding provides the most robust evidence to date that maternal inflammation may play a significant role in schizophrenia, with possible implications for identifying preventive strategies and pathogenic mechanisms in schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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“Additionally, C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, is elevated as prenatal maternal mental distress increases [142, 143], and elevated gestational CRP levels have been associated with increased risk of preterm birth [144], adverse infant and child brain developmental outcomes [144, 145], as well as autism and schizophrenia in the offspring [146, 147].”
From Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy (2024) · cites this paper as [146]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Canetta, S., Sourander, A., Surcel, H.-M., Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, S., Leiviskä, J., Kellendonk, C., McKeague, I. W., & Brown, A. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Turku (FI)
- From the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York; the Department of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; the Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland; the Department of Chronic Disease...
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Alan S.
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 960-968
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC4159178
- OpenAlex
- W2153129892
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 6.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH016434, K02MH065422, T32 MH16434-31, R01 MH-082052-05, R01MH082052)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- maternal inflammation, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, prenatal inflammation, neurodevelopmental disorders, birth cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Female, Finland, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Proteins, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Psychopathology, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Cohort Studies, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Biological Specimen Banks, Risk Assessment
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