Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment
Open accessAbstract
Complex interactions between the immune system and the brain might have important aetiological and therapeutic implications for neuropsychiatric brain disorders. A possible association between schizophrenia and the immune system was postulated over a century ago, and is supported by epidemiological and genetic studies pointing to links with infection and inflammation. Contrary to the traditional view that the brain is an immunologically privileged site shielded behind the blood-brain barrier, studies in the past 20 years have noted complex interactions between the immune system, systemic inflammation, and the brain, which can lead to changes in mood, cognition, and behaviour. In this Review, we describe some of the important areas of research regarding innate and adaptive immune response in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders that, we think, will be of interest to psychiatric clinicians and researchers. We discuss potential mechanisms and therapeutic implications of these findings, including studies of anti-inflammatory drugs in schizophrenia, describe areas for development, and offer testable hypotheses for future investigations.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
According to the immune hypothesis of psychiatric diseases, therapeutic control of peripheral and brain inflammation could offer novel tools in the treatment of severe mental and mood disorders, such as major depression.
“according to the immune hypothesis of psychiatric diseases, therapeutic control of peripheral and brain inflammation could offer novel, important tools in the treatment of severe mental and mood disorders, such as major depression (Khandaker et al. 2015; Miller and Raison 2016).”
From Prospective examination of synthetic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine inhalation: effects on salivary IL-6, cortisol levels, affect, and non-judgment (2020) · cites this paper as Khandaker et al. 2015
These triggers can induce inflammatory changes that are associated with reduced neurotransmitter signaling, increased oxidative stress, and reduced synaptic branching.
“These triggers can induce inflammatory changes that are associated with reduced neurotransmitter signaling, increased oxidative stress, and reduced synaptic branching [118].”
From Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Brain Disorders: Focus on Neuroinflammation (2019) · cites this paper as [118]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Amyloid oligomers exacerbate tau pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy
Selenica, M.-L. B., Brownlow, M., Jimenez, J. P., Lee, D. C., Pena, G., Dickey, C. A., Gordon, M. N., & Morgan, D. (2013) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000337230 · Cited by 10,359 · see citing works
Polazzi, E., Mengoni, I., Caprini, M., Peña‐Altamira, E., Kurtys, E., & Monti, B. (2012) · Neurosignals · doi:10.1159/000337115 · Cited by 9,023 · see citing works
Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system
Choi, D. W. (1988) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90162-6 · Cited by 8,152 · see citing works
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13595 · Cited by 7,577 · see citing works
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395 · see citing works
Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour
Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3346 · Cited by 4,572 · see citing works
C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pradhan, A. D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.3.327 · Cited by 4,433 · see citing works
Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-3876 · Cited by 4,110 · see citing works
Bravo, J. A., Forsythe, P., Chew, M. V., Escaravage, E., Savignac, H. M., Dinan, T. G., Bienenstock, J., & Cryan, J. F. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1102999108 · Cited by 3,888 · see citing works
Inflammation and Its Discontents: The Role of Cytokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression
Miller, A. H., Maletic, V., & Raison, C. L. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.029 · Cited by 3,848 · see citing works
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
Yudofsky, S. C., & Hales, R. E. (1992) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/jnp.4.4.359 · Cited by 3,818 · see citing works
A randomized trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major depression.
Zarate, C. A., Singh, J. B., Carlson, P. J., Brutsche, N. E., Ameli, R., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Charney, D. S., & Manji, H. K. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.8.856 · Cited by 3,766 · see citing works
Implications of Normal Brain Development for the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia
Weinberger, D. R. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800190080012 · Cited by 3,724 · see citing works
Microglia: Active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
Hanisch, U.-K., & Kettenmann, H. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1997 · Cited by 3,676 · see citing works
Hsiao, E. Y., McBride, S. W., Hsien, S., Sharon, G., Hyde, E. R., McCue, T., Codelli, J. A., Chow, J., Reisman, S. E., Petrosino, J. F., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.024 · Cited by 3,283 · see citing works
Titulaer, M. J., McCracken, L., Gabilondo, I., Armangué, T., Glaser, C., Iizuka, T., Honig, L. S., Benseler, S. M., Kawachi, I., Martinez-Hernandez, E., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70310-1 · Cited by 3,165 · see citing works
Long-term cognitive impairment and functional disability among survivors of severe sepsis.
Iwashyna, T. J., Ely, E. W., Smith, D. M., & Langa, K. M. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1553 · Cited by 2,582 · see citing works
Clinical experience and laboratory investigations in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis
Dalmau, J. O., Lancaster, E., Martínez‐Hernández, E., Rosenfeld, M. R., & Balice‐Gordon, R. J. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70253-2 · Cited by 2,428 · see citing works
Microglial physiology: unique stimuli, specialized responses
Ransohoff, R. M., & Perry, V. H. (2009) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132528 · Cited by 1,858 · see citing works
Meta-Analysis of Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia: Clinical Status and Antipsychotic Effects
Miller, B. J., Buckley, P., Seabolt, W., Mellor, A., & Kirkpatrick, B. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.04.013 · Cited by 1,742 · see citing works
Risk of Cardiovascular Events Associated with Selective COX-2 Inhibitors
Mukherjee, D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.8.954 · Cited by 1,741 · see citing works
Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia
†Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP), Stefansson, H., Ophoff, R. A., Steinberg, S., Andreassen, O. A., Cichon, S., Rujescu, D., Werge, T., Pietiläinen, O. P. H., Mors, O., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08186 · Cited by 1,677 · see citing works
The neuropathology of schizophrenia
Harrison, P. J. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.4.593 · Cited by 1,677 · see citing works
De novo mutations in schizophrenia implicate synaptic networks
Fromer, M., Pocklington, A. J., Kavanagh, D. H., Williams, H. J., Dwyer, S., Gormley, P., Georgieva, L., Rees, E., Palta, P., Ruderfer, D. M., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12929 · Cited by 1,617 · see citing works
Raison, C. L., Rutherford, R. E., Woolwine, B. J., Shuo, C., Schettler, P., Drake, D. F., Haroon, E., & Miller, A. H. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.4 · Cited by 1,617 · see citing works
The interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the brain
Collins, S. M., Surette, M., & Bercik, P. (2012) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2876 · Cited by 1,611 · see citing works
Maternal Immune Activation Alters Fetal Brain Development through Interleukin-6
Smith, S. E. P., Li, J., Garbett, K., Mirnics, K., & Patterson, P. H. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2178-07.2007 · Cited by 1,605 · see citing works
Microglia in neurodegenerative disease
Perry, V. H., Nicoll, J. A. R., & Holmes, C. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.17 · Cited by 1,543 · see citing works
Immune modulation of learning, memory, neural plasticity and neurogenesis
Yirmiya, R., & Goshen, I. (2011) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.10.015 · Cited by 1,483 · see citing works
O’Mahony, L., McCarthy, J., Kelly, P., Hurley, G., Luo, F., Chen, K., O’Sullivan, G. C., Kiely, B., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, F., et al. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.050 · Cited by 1,448 · see citing works
Modelling schizophrenia using human induced pluripotent stem cells
Brennand, K. J., Simone, A., Jou, J., Gelboin-Burkhart, C., Tran, N., Sangar, S., Li, Y., Mu, Y., Chen, G., Yu, D., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09915 · Cited by 1,375 · see citing works
Cytokine-Associated Emotional and Cognitive Disturbances in Humans
Reichenberg, A., Yirmiya, R., Schuld, A., Kraus, T., Haack, M., Morag, A., & Pollmächer, T. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.5.445 · Cited by 1,365 · see citing works
Prenatal Infection and Schizophrenia: A Review of Epidemiologic and Translational Studies
Brown, A. S., & Derkits, E. J. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09030361 · Cited by 1,269 · see citing works
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
Bowden, V. M. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490110111047 · Cited by 1,236 · see citing works
Murrough, J. W., Iosifescu, D. V., Chang, L. C., Al Jurdi, R. K., Green, C. E., Perez, A. M., Iqbal, S., Pillemer, S., Foulkes, A., Shah, A., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13030392 · Cited by 1,205 · see citing works
Common variants on chromosome 6p22.1 are associated with schizophrenia
Shi, J., Levinson, D. F., Duan, J., Sanders, A. R., Zheng, Y., Pe’er, I., Dudbridge, F., Holmans, P., Whittemore, A. S., Mowry, B. J., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08192 · Cited by 1,154 · see citing works
Effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis in the maternal separation model of depression
Desbonnet, L., Garrett, L., Clarke, G., Kiely, B., Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.005 · Cited by 999 · see citing works
Inflammatory Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Quantitative Review
Potvin, S., Stip, É., Sepehry, A. A., Gendron, A., Bah, R., & Kouassi, É. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.09.024 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
Multiple sclerosis: a complicated picture of autoimmunity
McFarland, H. F., & Martin, R. (2007) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1507 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Neuropharmacology of quinolinic and kynurenic acids.
Stone, T. W. (1993) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(25)00441-7 · Cited by 949 · see citing works
Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder?
Murray, R. M., & Lewis, S. W. (1988) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.296.6614.63 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder?
Murray, R. M., & Lewis, S. W. (1987) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6600.681 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Khandaker, G. M., Pearson, R. M., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., & Jones, P. B. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1332 · Cited by 846 · see citing works
Self-citationCNS immune privilege: hiding in plain sight
Carson, M. J., Doose, J. M., Melchior, B., Schmid, C. D., & Ploix, C. C. (2006) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2006.00441.x · Cited by 797 · see citing works
The blood–brain and the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers: function and dysfunction
Engelhardt, B., & Sorokin, L. M. (2009) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-009-0177-0 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Cytokine-induced sickness behaviour: a neuroimmune response to activation of innate immunity
Dantzer, R. (2004) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.040 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Danesh, J., Kaptoge, S., Mann, A. G., Sarwar, N., Wood, A., Angleman, S. B., Wensley, F., Higgins, J. P. T., Lennon, L., Eiriksdottir, G., et al. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050078 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Elevated inflammation levels in depressed adults with a history of childhood maltreatment
Danese, A., Moffitt, T. E., Pariante, C. M., Ambler, A., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.4.409 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
van Berckel, B. N. M., Bossong, M. G., Boellaard, R., Kloet, R. W., Schuitemaker, A., Caspers, E., Luurtsema, G., Windhorst, A. D., Cahn, W., Lammertsma, A. A., et al. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.025 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Benros, M. E., Nielsen, P. R., Nordentoft, M., Eaton, W. W., Dalton, S. O., & Mortensen, P. B. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11030516 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia-Related Psychosis: A PET Study
Doorduin, J., de Vries, E. F. J., Willemsen, A. T. M., de Groot, J. C., Dierckx, R., & Klein, H. C. (2009) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.109.066647 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Delirium is a strong risk factor for dementia in the oldest-old: a population-based cohort study
Davis, D. H. J., Terrera, G. M., Keage, H. A. D., Rahkonen, T., Oinas, M., Matthews, F. E., Cunningham, C. M., Polvikoski, T. M., Sulkava, R. O., MacLullich, A. M. J., et al. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws190 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Manipulation of Brain Kynurenines: Glial Targets, Neuronal Effects, and Clinical Opportunities
Schwarcz, R. M., & Pellicciari, R. (2002) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.102.034439 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Kirkbride, J. B., Errázuriz, A., Croudace, T. J., Morgan, C., Jackson, D., Boydell, J. E., Murray, R. M., & Jones, P. B. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031660 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of Schizophrenia and Autoimmune Diseases: Linkage of Danish National Registers
Eaton, W. W., Byrne, M., Ewald, H., Mors, O., Chen, C.-Y., Agerbo, E., & Mortensen, P. B. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.521 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Cytokine function in medication-naive first episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Upthegrove, R., Manzanares-Teson, N., & Barnes, N. M. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.005 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of oxidative stress in schizophrenia.
Flatow, J., Buckley, P., & Miller, B. J. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.03.018 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Khandaker, G. M., Zimbron, J., Lewis, G., & Jones, P. B. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000736 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Self-citationWalker, A. K., Budac, D. P., Bisulco, S., Lee, A. W., Smith, R. A., Beenders, B., Kelley, K. W., & Dantzer, R. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.71 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Is Schizophrenia a Progressive Neurodevelopmental Disorder? Toward a Unitary Pathogenetic Mechanism
Woods, B. T. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.12.1661 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Toxoplasma gondii and Other Risk Factors for Schizophrenia: An Update
Torrey, E. F., Bartko, J. J., & Yolken, R. H. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs043 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Self-citationMüller, N., Riedel, M. J., Scheppach, C., Brandstätter, B., Sokullu, S., Krampe, K., Ulmschneider, M., Engel, R. R., Möller, H., & Schwarz, M. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.6.1029 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Levkovitz, Y., Mendlovich, S., Riwkes, S., Braw, Y., Levkovitch-Verbin, H., Gal, G., Fennig, S., Treves, I., & Kron, S. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.08m04666yel · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Assessment of Plasma C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Risk
Eraly, S. A., Nievergelt, C. M., Maihofer, A. X., Barkauskas, D. A., Biswas, N., Agorastos, A., O’Connor, D. T., & Baker, D. G. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4374 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Maes, M. H. J., Bosmans, E., Calabrese, J. R., Smith, R. S., & Meltzer, H. Y. (1995) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(94)00049-w · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Steiner, J. H., Walter, M., Glanz, W., Sarnyai, Z., Bernstein, H., Vielhaber, S., Kästner, A., Skalej, M., Jordan, W., Schiltz, K., et al. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.86 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Epidemiology-driven neurodevelopmental animal models of schizophrenia
Meyer, U., & Feldon, J. (2009) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.10.018 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Schizophrenia: A Subcortical Neurotransmitter Imbalance Syndrome?
Carlsson, M. L., & Carlsson, A. C. (1990) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/16.3.425 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Disease-relevant autoantibodies in first episode schizophrenia
Zandi, M. S., Irani, S. R., Lang, B., Waters, P. J., Jones, P. B., McKenna, P. J., Coles, A. J., Vincent, A. C., & Lennox, B. (2010) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-010-5788-9 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Self-citationThe immunoregulatory role of dopamine: An update
Sarkar, C., Basu, B., Chakroborty, D., Dasgupta, P., & Basu, S. (2009) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.10.015 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Developmental plasticity of CNS microglia
Santambrogio, L., Belyanskaya, S. L., Fischer, F., Cipriani, B., Brosnan, C. F., Ricciardi‐Castagnoli, P., Stern, L. J., Strominger, J. L., & Riese, R. J. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.111152498 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Akhondzadeh, S., Tabatabaee, M., AMINI, H., Ahmadi-Abhari, S.-A., ABBASI, S., & BEHNAM, B. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.11.016 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Signal integration between IFNγ and TLR signalling pathways in macrophages
Schroder, K., Sweet, M. J., & Hume, D. A. (2006) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2006.05.007 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Chaudhry, I. B., Hallak, J. E. C., Husain, N., Minhas, F., Stirling, J., Richardson, P., Dursun, S. M., Dunn, G., & Deakin, J. F. W. (2012) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881112444941 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Self-citationAdjuvant Aspirin Therapy Reduces Symptoms of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Laan, W., Grobbee, D. E., Selten, J., Heijnen, C. J., Kahn, R. S., & Burger, H. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.09m05117yel · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Childhood infection and adult schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of population-based studies
Khandaker, G. M., Zimbron, J., Dalman, C., Lewis, G., & Jones, P. B. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.05.023 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Self-citationZarate, C. A., Mathews, D., Ibrahim, L., Chaves, J. F., Marquardt, C., Ukoh, I., Jolkovsky, L., Brutsche, N. E., Smith, M. A., & Luckenbaugh, D. A. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.019 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Müller, N., Krause, D., Dehning, S., Musil, R., Schennach-Wolff, R., Obermeier, M., Möller, H., Klauß, V., Schwarz, M., & Riedel, M. J. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.04.015 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Immune‐inflammatory markers in schizophrenia: comparison to normal controls and effects of clozapine
Maes, M. H. J., Meltzer, H. Y., & Bosmans, E. (1994) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01527.x · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Meta-Analysis of Lymphocytes in Schizophrenia: Clinical Status and Antipsychotic Effects
Miller, B. J., Gassama, B., Sebastian, D., Buckley, P. F., & Mellor, A. L. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.09.007 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal inflammation and associated immune activation in schizophrenia
Severance, E. G., Alaedini, A., Yang, S., Halling, M., Gressitt, K. L., Stallings, C. R., Origoni, A. E., Vaughan, C., Khushalani, S., Leweke, F. M., et al. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.02.025 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationBesser, M. J., Ganor, Y., & Levite, M. (2005) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.07.013 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Clarke, M. C., Tanskanen, A. J., HUTTUNEN, M. O., Whittaker, J. C., & Cannon, M. D. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08010031 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Psychological effects of ketamine in healthy volunteers
Pomarol‐Clotet, E., Honey, G. D., Murray, G. K., Corlett, P. R., Absalom, A. R., Lee, M., McKenna, P. J., Bullmore, E. T., & Fletcher, P. C. (2006) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.015263 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Elevated Maternal C-Reactive Protein and Increased Risk of Schizophrenia in a National Birth Cohort
Canetta, S., Sourander, A., Surcel, H.-M., Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, S., Leiviskä, J., Kellendonk, C., McKeague, I. W., & Brown, A. S. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13121579 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Review of immunological and immunopathological findings in schizophrenia.
Rothermundt, M., Arolt, V., & Bayer, T. (2001) · Brain, behavior, and immunity · doi:10.1006/brbi.2001.0648 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Andreassen, O. A., Harbo, H. F., Wang, Y., Thompson, W. K., Schork, A. J., Mattingsdal, M., Zuber, V., Bettella, F., Ripke, S., Kelsoe, J. R., et al. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2013.195 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Busse, S., Busse, M., Schiltz, K., Bielau, H., Gos, T., Brisch, R., Mawrin, C., Schmitt, A., Jordan, W., Müller, U., et al. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.08.005 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
喬, 嶋. (1992) · doi:10.11381/jjcdp1974.26.198 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
de Witte, L. D., Tomasik, J., Schwarz, E., Guest, P. C., Rahmoune, H., Kahn, R. S., & Bahn, S. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.02.005 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Schizophrenia
Sommer, I. E., de Witte, L. D., Begemann, M., & Kahn, R. S. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10r06823 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
In vivo immunomodulatory effects of clozapine in schizophrenia
Maes, M. H. J., Bosmans, E., Kenis, G., Jong, R. D., Smith, R. S., & Meltzer, H. Y. (1997) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00057-1 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Stojanovic, A., Martorell, L., Montalvo, I., Ortega, L., Monseny, R., Vilella, E., & Labad, J. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.005 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Ilani, T., Ben‐Shachar, D., Strous, R. D., Mazor, M., Sheinkman, A., Kotler, M., & Fuchs, S. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.625 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Carvalho, L. A., Torre, J. P., Papadopoulos, A. S., Poon, L., Juruena, M. F., Markopoulou, K., Cleare, A. J., & Pariante, C. M. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.036 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Neural basis of psychosis-related behaviour in the infection model of schizophrenia
Meyer, U., & Feldon, J. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.12.022 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Nagai, Y., Ueno, S., Saeki, Y., Soga, F., Hirano, M., & Yanagihara, T. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.3.791 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Elevated Interleukin-6 in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Previously Delineated Schizophrenia Subtype
Garver, D. L., Tamas, R. L., & Holcomb, J. A. (2003) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300217 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Minocycline as Adjunctive Therapy for Schizophrenia: An Open-Label Study
Miyaoka, T., Yasukawa, R., Yasuda, H., Hayashida, M., Inagaki, T., & Horiguchi, J. (2008) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0b013e3181593d45 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
M�ller, N., Ulmschneider, M., Scheppach, C., Schwarz, M., Ackenheil, M., M�ller, H.-J., Gruber, R., & Riedel, M. J. (2004) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-004-0478-1 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Autoimmunity in Schizophrenia: A Review of Recent Findings
Ganguli, R., Brar, J. S., Chengappa, K. N. R., Yang, Z. W., Nimgaonkar, V. L., & Rabin, B. S. (1993) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899309147317 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Celecoxib Augmentation of Continuously Ill Patients with Schizophrenia
Rapaport, M. H., Delrahim, K. K., Bresee, C. J., Maddux, R. E., Ahmadpour, O. A., & Dolnak, D. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.024 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Clinical effects of COX?2 inhibitors on cognition in schizophrenia
M�ller, N., Riedel, M. J., Schwarz, M., & Engel, R. R. (2004) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-004-0548-4 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Pearlman, D. M., & Najjar, S. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.05.001 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Harrison, N. A., Doeller, C. F., Voon, V., Burgess, N., & Critchley, H. D. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.005 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Veijola, J. M., Guo, J. Y., Moilanen, J. S., Jääskeläinen, E., Miettunen, J., Kyllönen, M., Haapea, M., Huhtaniska, S., Alaräisänen, A., Mäki, P. H., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101689 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationZunszain, P. A., Horowitz, M. A., Cattaneo, A., Lupi, M., & Pariante, C. M. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2013.87 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Inflammatory Molecular Signature Associated With Infectious Agents in Psychosis
Hayes, L. N., Severance, E. G., Leek, J. T., Gressitt, K. L., Rohleder, C., Coughlin, J. M., Leweke, F. M., Yolken, R. H., & Sawa, A. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu052 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationPossible antipsychotic effects of minocycline in patients with schizophrenia
Miyaoka, T., Yasukawa, R., YASUDA, H., Hayashida, M., Inagaki, T., & Horiguchi, J. (2006) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.08.013 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Schwarz, E., van Beveren, N. J. M., Ramsey, J., Leweke, F. M., Rothermundt, M., Bogerts, B., Steiner, J. H., Guest, P. C., & Bahn, S. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt105 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Antibody-mediated encephalitis: a treatable cause of schizophrenia
Lennox, B., Coles, A. J., & Vincent, A. C. (2012) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.095042 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationNikkilä, H. V., Müller, K., Ahokas, A., Rimón, R., & Andersson, L. C. (2001) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00218-2 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Wium‐Andersen, M. K., Ørsted, D. D., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt120 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Schwieler, L., Erhardt, S., Erhardt, C., & Engberg, G. (2004) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-004-0231-y · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Antibodies to the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor and Other Synaptic Proteins in Psychosis
Deakin, J., Lennox, B., & Zandi, M. S. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.07.018 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationNielsen, P. R., Laursen, T. M., & Mortensen, P. B. (2011) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr149 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Khandaker, G. M., Štochl, J., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., & Jones, P. B. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.05.019 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationÜber die Liquordiagnose der Schizophrenien
Lehmann-Facius, H. (1937) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01776787 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Khandaker, G. M., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., & Jones, P. B. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.09.021 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychiatric presentation of voltage-gated potassium channel antibody-associated encephalopathy
Parthasarathi, U. D., Harrower, T., Tempest, M., Hodges, J. R., Walsh, C., McKenna, P. J., & Fletcher, P. C. (2006) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.012864 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Biomarkers of gluten sensitivity in patients with non-affective psychosis: A meta-analysis
LaChance, L., & McKenzie, K. J. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.12.001 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Neonatal levels of acute phase proteins and later risk of non-affective psychosis
Gardner, R. M., Dalman, C., Wicks, S., Lee, B. K., & Karlsson, H. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2013.5 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Adjunct minocycline to clozapine treated patients with persistent schizophrenia symptoms
Kelly, D. L., Vyas, G. R., Richardson, C. M., Koola, M. M., McMahon, R. P., Buchanan, R. W., & Wehring, H. J. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.08.005 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A variant of the median arcuate ligament syndrome: are sagittal images enough for diagnosis?
Sağlam, M., Sıldıroğlu, H. O., İncedayı, M., Kara, K., & Saygın, H. (2013) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-013-0350-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Successful Use of Add-on Minocycline for Treatment of Persistent Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Jhamnani, K., Shivakumar, V., Kalmady, S. V., Rao, N. P., & Venkatasubramanian, G. (2013) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.11120376 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Nikkilä, H. (1995) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(94)00039-b · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Cognitive and Functional Impairment After Severe Sepsis
Khandaker, G. M. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.142 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional neuroimaging of minocycline's effect in a patient with schizophrenia
Chaves, C., de Marque, C. R., Wichert‐Ana, L., Maia‐de‐Oliveira, J. P., Itikawa, E. N., Crippa, J. A. S., Zuardi, A. W., Todd, K. G., Baker, G. B., Dursun, S. M., et al. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.01.020 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The effects of celecoxib augmentation on cytokine levels in schizophrenia
Bresee, C. J., Delrahim, K. K., Maddux, R. E., Dolnak, D., Ahmadpour, O. A., & Rapaport, M. H. (2005) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145705005808 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of psychosis
Laan, W., Selten, J., Grobbee, D. E., Smeets, H. M., Kahn, R. S., & Burger, H. (2006) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2006.09.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Stolk, P., Souverein, P. C., Leufkens, H. G. M., Weil, J., Egberts, T. C. G., & Heerdink, E. R. (2007) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-2007-977714 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A study to evaluate the effect of celecoxib as add-on to olanzapine therapy in schizophrenia
Baheti, T., Nischal, A., Nischal, A., Khattri, S., Arya, A., Tripathi, A., & Pant, K. K. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.017 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Immunologic Therapeutics and Psychotic Disorders
Bullmore, E. T., & Lynall, M.-E. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.12.006 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Aspirin as an Adjunctive Treatment for Childhood Onset Schizophrenia
Webb, J., Stubbe, D. E., & Poncin, Y. B. (2013) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0033 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [12]Khandaker GM Clarke M Cannon M Jones PB Koenen K Rudenstine S Susser E Galeo S Life course approach to specific mental disorders: schizophrenia and related psychosis Life course epidemiology of mental disorders 2014 61 75 Oxford University Press New York, NY 1st edn
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Osimo, E. F., Baxter, L. J., Lewis, G., Jones, P. B., & Khandaker, G. M. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719001454 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Brain Disorders: Focus on Neuroinflammation
Lima Giacobbo, B., Doorduin, J., Klein, H. C., Dierckx, R. A. J. O., Bromberg, E., & de Vries, E. F. J. (2019) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-018-1283-6 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders
Sorboni, S. G., Moghaddam, H. S., Jafarzadeh-Esfehani, R., & Soleimanpour, S. (2022) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00338-20 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Inflammation in psychiatric disorders: what comes first?
Bauer, M. E., & Teixeira, A. L. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13712 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
McGuinness, A. J., Davis, J. A., Dawson, S. L., Loughman, A., Collier, F., O’Hely, M., Simpson, C. A., Green, J., Marx, W., Hair, C., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01456-3 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Immunoneuropsychiatry — novel perspectives on brain disorders
Pape, K., Tamouza, R., Leboyer, M., & Zipp, F. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-019-0174-4 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Drug delivery to the central nervous system
Nance, E. A., Pun, S. H., Saigal, R., & Sellers, D. L. (2021) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00394-w · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Ligthart, S., Vaez, A., Võsa, U., Stathopoulou, M. G., de Vries, P. S., Prins, B. P., van der Most, P. J., Tanaka, T., Naderi, E., Rose, L. M., et al. (2018) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.09.009 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Metagenome-wide association of gut microbiome features for schizophrenia
Zhu, F., Ju, Y., Wang, W., Wang, Q., Guo, R., Ma, Q., Sun, Q., Fan, Y., Xie, Y., Yang, Z., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15457-9 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Pollak, T. A., Lennox, B., Müller, S., Benros, M. E., Prüß, H., van Elst, L. T., Klein, H. C., Steiner, J. H., Frodl, T., Bogerts, B., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30290-1 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychoneuroimmunology of early-life stress: the hidden wounds of childhood trauma?
Danese, A., & J Lewis, S. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.198 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Causal role of immune cells in schizophrenia: Mendelian randomization (MR) study
Wang, C., Zhu, D., Zhang, D., Zuo, X., Yao, L., Liu, T., Ge, X., He, C., Zhou, Y., & Shen, Z. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05081-4 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
The blood–brain barrier in psychosis
Pollak, T. A., Drndarski, S., Stone, J. M., David, A. S., McGuire, P. K., & Abbott, N. J. (2017) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30293-6 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Blood-brain barrier regulation in psychiatric disorders
Kealy, J., Greene, C., & Campbell, M. (2018) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.033 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Risk of Schizophrenia
Hartwig, F. P., Borges, M. C., Horta, B. L., Bowden, J., & Smith, G. D. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3191 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Inflammation and the neural diathesis-stress hypothesis of schizophrenia: a reconceptualization
Howes, O. D., & McCutcheon, R. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.278 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Hidden wounds? inflammatory links between childhood trauma and psychopathology
Danese, A., & Baldwin, J. R. (2017) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044208 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia: An Updated Review
Momtazmanesh, S., Zare-Shahabadi, A., & Rezaei, N. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00892 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Innate immunity at the crossroads of healthy brain maturation and neurodevelopmental disorders
Zengeler, K. E., & Lukens, J. R. (2021) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Costello, H., Gould, R. L., Abrol, E., & Howard, R. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027925 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress‐Related Mechanisms in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis and New Treatment Perspectives
Ermakov, E. A., Dmitrieva, E. M., Parshukova, D. A., Kazantseva, D. V., Vasilieva, A. R., & Smirnova, L. P. (2021) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2021/8881770 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
The Microbiome in Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience
Sarkar, A., Harty, S., Lehto, S. M., Moeller, A. H., Dinan, T. G., Dunbar, R., Cryan, J. F., & Burnet, P. W. J. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.04.006 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Smucny, J., Dienel, S. J., Lewis, D. A., & Carter, C. S. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01089-0 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Pillinger, T., D’Ambrosio, E., McCutcheon, R., & Howes, O. D. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0058-9 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Cellular Markers of Inflammation in Schizophrenia
Upthegrove, R., & Khandaker, G. M. (2019) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2018_88 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationImmunopsychiatry: important facts
Khandaker, G. M., Dantzer, R., & Jones, P. B. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717000745 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationKępińska, A. P., Iyegbe, C. O., Vernon, A. C., Yolken, R., Murray, R. M., & Pollak, T. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00072 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Self-citationTranslational evaluation of translocator protein as a marker of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia
Notter, T., Coughlin, J. M., Gschwind, T., Weber-Stadlbauer, U., Wang, Y.-C., Kassiou, M., Vernon, A., Benke, D., Pomper, M., Sawa, A., et al. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.248 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Immune System Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Integrative View and Translational Perspectives
Ermakov, E. A., Melamud, M. M., Buneva, V. N., & Ivanova, S. А. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.880568 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Association of Antihypertensive Drug Target Genes With Psychiatric Disorders
Chauquet, S., Zhu, Z., O’Donovan, M. C., Walters, J., Wray, N. R., & Shah, S. H. (2021) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0005 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Serafini, G., Parisi, V. M., Aguglia, A., Amerio, A., Sampogna, G., Fiorillo, A., Pompili, M., & Amore, M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072393 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Vargas-Caraveo, A., Sayd, A., Maus, S. R., Caso, J. R., Madrigal, J. L. M., García‐Bueno, B., & Leza, J. C. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13302-6 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Maternal immune activation in neurodevelopmental disorders
Solek, C. M., Farooqi, N., Verly, M., Lim, T. K., & Ruthazer, E. S. (2018) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.24612 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Hagi, K., Nosaka, T., Dickinson, D., Lindenmayer, J. P., Lee, J., Friedman, J. I., Boyer, L., Han, M., Rashid, N. A. A., & Correll, C. U. (2021) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0015 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Karageorgiou, V., Milas, G. P., & Michopoulos, I. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.017 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Bottaccioli, A. G., Bottaccioli, F., & Minelli, A. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13728 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Kantrowitz, J. T., Woods, S. W., Petkova, E., Cornblatt, B., Corcoran, C. M., Chen, H., Silipo, G., & Javitt, D. C. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00098-x · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Bora, E. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719001685 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia: The Key Role of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway
Vallée, A. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23052810 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Clemens, V., von Hirschhausen, E., & Fegert, J. M. (2022) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01615-3 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Jézéquel, J., Johansson, E. M., Dupuis, J. P., Rogemond, V., Gréa, H., Kellermayer, B., Hamdani, N., Guen, E. L., Rabu, C., Lepleux, M., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01700-3 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citationReconceptualization of translocator protein as a biomarker of neuroinflammation in psychiatry
Notter, T., Coughlin, J. M., Sawa, A., & Meyer, U. (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.232 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The Role of Chemokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder
Milenkovic, V. M., Stanton, E. H., Nothdurfter, C., Rupprecht, R., & Wetzel, C. H. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20092283 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Dwir, D., Giangreco, B., Xin, L., Tenenbaum, L., Cabungcal, J.-H., Steullet, P., Goupil, A., Cleusix, M., Jenni, R., Chtarto, A., et al. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0393-5 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Microfluidic Brain-on-a-Chip: Perspectives for Mimicking Neural System Disorders
Jahromi, M. A. M., Abdoli, A., Rahmanian, M., Bardania, H., Bayandori, M., Basri, S. M. M., Kalbasi, A., Aref, A. R., Karimi, M., & Hamblin, M. R. (2019) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-019-01653-2 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Cuénod, M., Steullet, P., Cabungcal, J.-H., Dwir, D., Khadimallah, I., Klauser, P., Conus, P., & Kim, Q. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01374-w · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Revisiting the Role of Eotaxin-1/CCL11 in Psychiatric Disorders
Teixeira, A. L., Gama, C. S., Rocha, N. P., & Teixeira, M. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00241 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Cho, M., Lee, T. Y., Kwak, Y. B., Yoon, Y. B., Kim, M., & Kwon, J. S. (2019) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867419835028 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Pinto, L., Poulton, R., Williams, B. S., & Caspi, A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148435 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Metcalf, S. A., Jones, P. B., Nordström, T., Timonen, M., Mäki, P. H., Miettunen, J., Jääskeläinen, E., Järvelin, M., Štochl, J., Murray, G. K., et al. (2016) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.09.008 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationImaging Microglial Activation in Untreated First-Episode Psychosis: A PET Study With [18F]FEPPA
Hafizi, S., Tseng, H., Rao, N. P., Selvanathan, T., Kenk, M., Bazinet, R. P., Suridjan, I., Wilson, A. A., Meyer, J. H., Remington, G. J., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16020171 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Engler, H., Brendt, P., Wischermann, J., Wegner, A., Rohling, R., Schoemberg, T., Meyer, U., Gold, R., Peters, J., Benson, S., et al. (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.264 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Bower, J. E., & Kuhlman, K. R. (2023) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080621-045153 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Uthaug, M. V., Lancelotta, R., Szabo, A., Davis, A. K., Riba, J., & Ramaekers, J. G. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05414-w · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The role of monoamine oxidase enzymes in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders
Jones, D. N., & Raghanti, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101957 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Cytokines dysregulation in schizophrenia: A systematic review of psychoneuroimmune relationship
Rodrígues-Amorím, D., Baltanás, T. R., Spuch, C., Caruncho, H. J., González‐Fernández, Á., Olivares, J. M., & Agís‐Balboa, R. C. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.11.023 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Liu, W., Liao, X., Luo, Z., Yang, Y., Lau, M. C., Jiao, Y., Shi, X., Zhai, W., Ji, H., Yeong, J. P.-S., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-35947-w · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Cattane, N., Richetto, J., & Cattaneo, A. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.001 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
de Bartolomeis, A., Barone, A., Vellucci, L., Mazza, B., Austin, M. C., Iasevoli, F., & Ciccarelli, M. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-02976-3 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The landscape of host genetic factors involved in immune response to common viral infections
Kachuri, L., Francis, S. S., Morrison, M. L., Wendt, G. A., Bossé, Y., Cavazos, T. B., Rashkin, S. R., Ziv, E., & Witte, J. S. (2020) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-020-00790-x · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Kim, Y.-K., Kim, O. Y., & Song, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.01270 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The role of Th17 cells in auto-inflammatory neurological disorders
Tahmasebinia, F., & Pourgholaminejad, A. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.023 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Fraguas, D., Díaz‐Caneja, C. M., Rodríguez-Quiroga, A., & Arango, C. (2017) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyx015 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Han, L. K. M., Verhoeven, J. E., Tyrka, A. R., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Wolkowitz, O. M., Månsson, K. N. T., Lindqvist, D., Boks, M. P., Révész, D., Mellon, S. H., et al. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.004 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“An increase in the inflammatory response, together with microglial activation, in turn, can contribute to psychiatric diseases, such as MDD, schizophrenia, BD, and autism (Khandaker et al., 2015; Martínez-Cengotitabengoa et al., 2016; Réus et al., 2015).”
COVID-19 and psychosis risk: real or delusional concern?
Watson, C. J., Thomas, R. H., Solomon, T., Michael, B. D., Nicholson, T. R., & Pollak, T. A. (2021) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135491 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Potential Roles of Redox Dysregulation in the Development of Schizophrenia
Perkins, D. O., Jeffries, C. D., & Do, K. Q. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.03.016 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Munawar, N., Ahsan, K., Muhammad, K., Ahmad, A., Anwar, M. A., Shah, I., Ameri, A. A., & Mughairbi, F. A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22147671 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Kočovská, E., Gaughran, F., Krivoy, A., & Meier, U. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00047 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Andrés-Rodríguez, L., Borràs, X., Feliu-Soler, A., Pérez-Aranda, A., Angarita-Osorio, N., Moreno-Peral, P., Montero-Marin, J., García-Campayo, J., Carvalho, A. F., Maes, M., et al. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.12.020 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Genetic Association Between Schizophrenia and Cortical Brain Surface Area and Thickness
Cheng, W., Frei, O., van der Meer, D., Wang, Y., O’Connell, K. S., Chu, Y., Bahrami, S., Shadrin, A. A., Alnæs, D., Hindley, G., et al. (2021) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1435 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
NMDA Receptor Internalization by Autoantibodies: A Reversible Mechanism Underlying Psychosis?
Masdeu, J. C., Dalmau, J. O., & Berman, K. F. (2016) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2016.02.006 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Interleukin-6 in Schizophrenia—Is There a Therapeutic Relevance?
Borovčanin, M., Jovanović, I., Radosavljevic, G. D., Pantic, J. M., Janicijevic, S. M., Arsenijević, N., & Lukić, M. L. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00221 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
From Neurodevelopmental to Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Vascular Continuum
Ouellette, J., & Lacoste, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.749026 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Hong, J., & Bang, M. (2020) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2020.18.1.10 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The Cross-Talk Between the Dopaminergic and the Immune System Involved in Schizophrenia
Vidal, P. M., & Pacheco, R. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00394 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
García‐Bueno, B., Gassó, P., MacDowell, K. S., Callado, L. F., Mas, S., Bernardo, M., Lafuente, A., Meana, J. J., & Leza, J. C. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.150195 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
DNA Methylation and Psychiatric Disorders
Liu, C., Jiao, C., Wang, K., & Yuan, N. (2018) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.006 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Immunomodulatory capacity of the serotonin receptor 5-HT2B in a subset of human dendritic cells
Szabó, A., Gogolák, P., Koncz, G., Földvári, Z., Pázmándi, K., Miltner, N., Póliska, S., Bácsi, A., Djurovic, S., & Rajnavölgyi, É. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20173-y · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Emerging Roles of Complement in Psychiatric Disorders
Druart, M., & Magueresse, C. L. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00573 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Molecular signature of extracellular matrix pathology in schizophrenia
Pantazopoulos, H., Katsel, P., Haroutunian, V. H., Chelini, G., Klengel, T., & Berretta, S. (2020) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15009 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Lipid profiles in schizophrenia associated with clinical traits: a five year follow-up study
Solberg, D. K., Bentsen, H., Refsum, H., & Andreassen, O. A. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1006-3 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Balcioglu, Y. H., & Kirlioglu, S. S. (2020) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2020.0185 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Body mass index and psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study
Hartwig, F. P., Bowden, J., de Mola, C. L., Tovo‐Rodrigues, L., Smith, G. D., & Horta, B. L. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep32730 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Emerging Immunogenetic Architecture of Schizophrenia
Pouget, J. G. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby038 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Cao, B., Chen, Y., Ren, Z., Pan, Z., McIntyre, R., & Wang, D. (2021) · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.018 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Blood–Brain Barrier: Composition, Properties, and Roles in Brain HealthPreprint
Lacoste, B., Prat, A., Andrade, M. F., & Gu, C. (2024) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a041422 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
North, H. F., Bruggemann, J. M., Cropley, V., Swaminathan, V., Sundram, S., Lenroot, R., Pereira, A. M., Zalesky, A., Bousman, C., Pantelis, C., et al. (2021) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-021-01237-z · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Brokamp, C., Strawn, J. R., Beck, A. F., & Ryan, P. (2019) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp4815 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
T Cell phenotype and T cell receptor repertoire in patients with major depressive disorder
Patas, K., Willing, A., Demiralay, C., Engler, J. B., Lupu, A., Ramien, C., Schäfer, T., Gach, C., Stumm, L., Chan, K., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00291 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Serum interleukin-6 in schizophrenia: A system review and meta-analysis
Zhou, X., Tian, B., & Han, H.-B. (2021) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155441 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Darby, M. M., Yolken, R. H., & Sabunciyan, S. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.173 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationSchizophrenia: A Narrative Review of Etiopathogenetic, Diagnostic and Treatment Aspects
Orsolini, L., Pompili, S., & Volpe, U. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11175040 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Beyond defense: regulation of neuronal morphogenesis and brain functions via Toll-like receptors
Chen, C.-Y., Shih, Y.-C., Hung, Y.-F., & Hsueh, Y. (2019) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-019-0584-z · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Immuno-psychiatry: an agenda for clinical practice and innovative research
Leboyer, M., Berk, M., Yolken, R. H., Tamouza, R., Kupfer, D. J., & Groc, L. (2016) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0712-5 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationNeale, J. H., & Yamamoto, T. (2019) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101722 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Psychedelics as a novel approach to treating autoimmune conditions
Thompson, C., & Szabó, A. (2020) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2020.10.001 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Psychoneuroimmunology or immunopsychiatry?
Pariante, C. M. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00042-5 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Hollander, J. A., Cory‐Slechta, D. A., Jacka, F. N., Szabo, S. T., Guilarte, T. R., Bilbo, S. D., Mattingly, C. J., Moy, S. S., Haroon, E., Hornig, M., et al. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-020-0648-5 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Peripheral immune markers and antipsychotic non-response in psychosis
Enache, D., Nikkheslat, N., Fathalla, D., Morgan, B. P., Lewis, S. W., Drake, R., Deakin, J. F. W., Walters, J., Lawrie, S. M., Egerton, A., et al. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.12.020 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationZuelli, F. M. D. G. C., Brognara, F., Quirino, G. F. S., Hiroki, C. H., Fais, R. S., Del‐Ben, C. M., Ulloa, L., Salgado, H. C., Kanashiro, A., & Loureiro, C. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00618 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
- Authors
- Khandaker, G. M., Cousins, L., Deakin, J., Lennox, B. R., Yolken, R., & Jones, P. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- The Lancet Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 258-270
- ISSN
- 2215-0366 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4595998
- OpenAlex
- W2121637331
- Cited by
- 926
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 86 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Lancet Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (acceptedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust to GMK ((094790/Z/10/Z; 2010-'13))
- National Institute of Mental Health ((MH-94268))
- Wellcome Trust ((095844/Z/11/Z and 088869/Z/09/Z))
- National Institute for Health Research ((RP-PG-0606–1335))
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, inflammation, immunity, innate immune response, adaptive immune response, infection, blood-brain barrier, anti-inflammatory agents, psychosis, pathophysiology, treatment
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Immune System, Inflammation, Schizophrenia, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
