Cited by 564Health disparities and outcomesPublic Health and Social InequalitiesMental Health Treatment and Access

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The Social Determinants of Mental Health

Compton, Michael T., Shim, Ruth S.·2015·Focus

DOI 10.1176/appi.focus.20150017

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Abstract

It is well known that social factors affect risk for mental illnesses and substance use disorders, as well as health outcomes of persons with these disorders. Social and environmental factors, in addition to their independent and combined effects, can influence genetic determinants of health and illness through gene-by-environment interactions and epigenetic mechanisms. Such social and environmental factors clearly have an effect at the individual level and should encounter intervention in the clinical setting. However, the social determinants of health and the social determinants of mental health exert their effects more broadly at the societal level and thus can be most effectively addressed through changes in public policies and social norms. Specifically, the social determinants of mental health—exemplified here by income inequality and poor education—are understood as being underpinned by unequal distribution of opportunity and, more deeply, by public policies (e.g., legislation that may not specifically pertain to health but ultimately has far-reaching effects on health) and social norms (e.g., cultural opinions and biases that set the stage for poorer health among disadvantaged groups). The greatest population-based impact for improving mental health and reducing risk of mental illnesses and substance use disorders will be achieved by optimizing public policies to make them more health promoting, and by altering social norms so that the health of all members of society is a priority.

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Authors: Compton, M. T., & Shim, R. S.
Affiliations: Hofstra University (US)
ORCID: Compton, Michael T.
Shim, Ruth S.
Venue: Focus
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 2015-10
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Pages: 419-425
ISSN: 1541-4094 (ISSN-L)
1541-4108
DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20150017
OpenAlex: W2099594539
Cited by: 564
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4
FWCI: 16.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: social determinants of mental health, mental illness, substance use disorders, income inequality, gene-environment interaction, epigenetics, public policy, social norms, health promotion, health disparities

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