Are Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using mental health services? New data from a national random-sample survey
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OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed data from a national survey of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans to improve understanding of mental health services use and perceived barriers. METHODS: The National Post-Deployment Adjustment Survey randomly sampled post-9/11 veterans separated from active duty or in the Reserves or National Guard. The corrected response rate was 56% (N=1,388). RESULTS: Forty-three percent screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression, or alcohol misuse. Past-year psychiatric treatment was reported by 69% of the PTSD group, 67% of the depression group, and 45% of those with alcohol misuse. Most received care at Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities, although women were more likely than men to seek non-VA services. Veterans with more severe symptoms reported greater treatment utilization. Eighteen percent saw a pastoral counselor (chaplain) in the past year. Veterans with mental health needs who did not access treatment were more likely to believe that they had to solve problems themselves and that medications would not help. Those who had accessed treatment were more likely to express concern about being seen as weak by others. CONCLUSIONS: Veterans in greatest need were more likely to access services. More than two-thirds with probable PTSD obtained past-year treatment, mostly at VA facilities. Treatment for veterans may be improved by increasing awareness of gender differences, integrating mental health and pastoral services, and recognizing that alcohol misuse may reduce utilization. Veterans who had and had not used services endorsed different perceptions about treatment, indicating that barriers to accessing care may be distinct from barriers to engaging in care.
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Failures to enter and/or engage in substance use disorder treatment are common in both general and Veteran populations.
“Barriers include failures to enter and/or engage in treatment in both general [6][7][8] and Veteran populations.9,10”
From Safety and psychological impact of sailing adventure therapy among Veterans with substance use disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [10]
The Results report that only 45% of veterans screening positive for alcohol misuse received past-year psychiatric treatment, and the Discussion describes difficulties engaging veterans who misuse alcohol in care (pages not available). This supports the Veteran-population portion of the citing sentence, but the study measures mental health treatment among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans, not entry into or engagement with substance use disorder treatment specifically. The general-population portion is attributed to other citations. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Elbogen, E. B., Wagner, H. R., Johnson, S. C., Kinneer, P., Kang, H., Vasterling, J. J., Timko, C., & Beckham, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychiatric Services
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 134-141
- ISSN
- 0022-1597 (ISSN-L)
- 1075-2730
- 1557-9700
- PMC
- PMC3622866
- OpenAlex
- W2162114810
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 34.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatric Services (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH080988)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Education › Education and Military Integration
- Keywords
- Iraq and Afghanistan veterans, mental health service utilization, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, alcohol abuse, barriers to care, gender differences in help-seeking, post-9/11 veterans
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Severity of Illness Index, United States, Veterans, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Sex Distribution, Iraq War, 2003-2011, Afghan Campaign 2001-, Social Stigma
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