Cited by 9Occupational Therapy Practice and ResearchHealth, psychology, and well-beingPublic Health Policies and Education

Revisiting the do-live-well health promotion framework: A citation content analysis

Open access
Hamilton, Kennedy A., Letts, Lori J., Larivière, Nadine, Moll, Sandra E.·2023·Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy

Abstract

Background. The Do-Live-Well (DLW) framework was first published in 2015 and aimed to fill a theoretical gap in the health promotion literature related to the links between occupational patterns and health. However, the extent of uptake and use of the framework since publication is unknown. Purpose. To explore and reflect on the adoption and application of DLW in the literature. Method. Citation content analysis of two seminal DLW publications was conducted from 2015 to November 2022 across six databases. Findings. Seventeen citations directly applied DLW to inform research ( n = 10), practice ( n = 5) and knowledge translation ( n = 2). Implications. The findings highlight uptake of the framework in a range of settings, and how it can inform an occupation-based understanding of health and well-being. Ongoing knowledge dissemination, development of practice tools, and research to update evidence and examine relevance are needed to further advance the utility and application of the framework.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

A citation content analysis identified 17 sources that directly applied the Do-Live-Well (DLW) framework from 2015 to November 2022, mostly in research and practice. It concludes DLW has been adopted across settings but needs ongoing dissemination, practice tools, and cross-cultural relevance checks.

Key findings

  • Of 17 citations directly applying DLW, 10 informed research, 5 informed clinical practice, and 2 advanced knowledge translation; 85 additional citations cited but did not apply DLW.
  • Included sources were 10 peer-reviewed articles and 7 theses; 9 were from Canada, 3 from the United States, and one each from France, Sweden, Switzerland, Ireland, and Germany; 4 were published in French and 2 in German.
  • Citations were published between 2017 and 2022, with 12 of the 17 published in the last three years.
  • DLW was most often used as a theoretical framework and data analysis tool in qualitative research; the eight dimensions of experience and five activity patterns were the most noted parts, while personal and social forces were less commonly cited.

Methods

  • Citation content analysis following Zhang et al.’s framework for syntactic and semantic analysis of citation content, tracking citations of two seminal DLW publications: Moll et al. (2015) and Gewurtz et al. (2016).
  • Searches were completed between March and November 2022 in six databases: CINAHL, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science; citations were imported to Covidence for duplicate checking and screening.
  • Citations were excluded if they were conference abstracts, incomplete with no abstract or full text, did not cite a seminal publication, or cited one article but did not apply DLW; included citations were exported to Mendeley, non-English citations were translated using DeepL Translator, and citations were labeled by source type, professional field, country, and use type (research, clinical practice, or knowledge translation).

Limitations

  • Stated in the paper: citation analysis is only a first step and can only trace usage documented in published sources; there are likely clinicians and communities using DLW in other ways that are not easily identifiable.
  • Stated in the paper: the framework’s authors were Canadian, white settlers, so DLW likely reflects Western cultural norms and values surrounding activity patterns and time use; critical exploration is needed to interrogate relevance across cultures and avoid excluding or marginalizing individuals or communities.
  • Evident from the text: the included sample is small (17 citations), and the two knowledge translation citations included authors who are members of the DLW research team; no formal quality appraisal of the included citations is described.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/00084174221149268

Cites

17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 13 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Two peer-reviewed articles, both including authors that are part of the DLW team, focused on DLW knowledge translation workshops.

    “Two peer-reviewed articles, both including authors that are part of the DLW team, focused on DLW knowledge translation workshops.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Within the 17 citations applying DLW, the framework was used to advance knowledge translation in 2 citations.

    “Within the 17 citations applying DLW, the framework was used to inform research (10), to inform clinical practice (5), and to advance knowledge translation (2).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    This citation analysis revealed how DLW has been adopted and applied since its initial publication in 2015.

    “This citation analysis revealed how DLW has been adopted and applied since its initial publication in 2015.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Results of this citation analysis revealed that DLW has been used in research studies focusing on health promotion across a range of populations, from college students and families to older adults.

    “Results of this citation analysis revealed that DLW has been used in research studies focusing on health promotion across a range of populations, from college students and families to older adults.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Five citations explicitly explained how DLW was used to inform the development of an interview guide and analysis of findings.

    “Five citations explicitly explained how DLW was used to inform the development of an interview guide and analysis of findings.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 14
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 8
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The eight dimensions of experience and five activity patterns were the most noted parts of the framework, providing the language to explain study findings.

    “In particular, the eight dimensions of experience and five activity patterns were the most noted parts of the framework, providing the language to explain study findings.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Four of the citations were published in French and two were in German.

    “Four of the citations were published in French and two were in German.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    DLW has been most frequently applied as a theoretical framework in the context of qualitative research, although it has also been used to inform clinical practice.

    “A combination of peer-reviewed articles, theses, and dissertations revealed that DLW has been most frequently applied as a theoretical framework in the context of qualitative research, although it has also been used to inform clinical practice.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Within the 17 citations, nine were from Canada, three from the United States, and one each from France, Sweden, Switzerland, Ireland, and Germany.

    “Within these 17 citations, nine were from Canada, three from the United States, and one each from France, Sweden, Switzerland, Ireland, and Germany.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    To date, most of the publications applying DLW have been in Canada or the United States, with the remaining publications from Western European countries (France, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, and Switzerland).

    “However, to date, most of the publications applying DLW have been in Canada or the United States, with the remaining publications from Western European countries (France, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, and Switzerland).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    From a clinical practice perspective, the framework has been used to inform a range of clinical interventions, from an individual reflective tool on activity patterns to a structured chatbot for an app and various group-based self-management interventions.

    “From a clinical practice perspective, the framework has been used to inform a range of clinical interventions, from an individual reflective tool on activity patterns (Woick, 2018), to a structured chatbot for an app (Liu, 2021) and various group-based self-management interventions (Hunt & Coombes, 2021; Hutchinson et al., 2017).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Woick, 2018

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Liu, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Hunt & Coombes, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    To date, much of the literature has been authored by occupational therapists and/or published in occupational therapy journals.

    “To date, much of the literature has been authored by occupational therapists and/or published in occupational therapy journals.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Five additional citations used DLW in a more general way, including the theoretical justification for the study and discussion of results in relation to DLW, but DLW did not explicitly inform data collection methods or analysis.

    “Five additional citations used DLW in a more general way, including the theoretical justification for the study and discussion of results in relation to DLW, but DLW did not explicitly inform data collection methods or analysis.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    DLW is a Canadian health promotion framework based on public health and occupational therapy principles.

    “First published in 2015, the Do-Live-Well (DLW) or Vivez-Bien-Votre Vie framework is a Canadian health promotion framework based on public health and occupational therapy principles (Moll et al., 2015).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Moll et al., 2015

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Citation analysis is only a first step in understanding the uptake of DLW as it can only trace the usage of the framework that is documented in published sources.

    “However, citation analysis is only a first step in understanding the uptake of DLW as it can only trace the usage of the framework that is documented in published sources.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Publications outside of occupational therapy are evident (e.g., BMJ Open, Leisure & Society), which speaks to relevance for a broader audience.

    “Publications outside of occupational therapy are evident (e.g., BMJ Open, Leisure & Society), which speaks to relevance for a broader audience, although occupational therapy authors appear to be the driving force in creating and disseminating the evidence.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    DLW was designed as a health promotion framework to generate reflection and discussion on the impact of everyday activities on health and well-being at individual, community, and national levels.

    “DLW was designed as a health promotion framework to generate reflection and discussion on the impact of everyday activities on health and well-being at individual, community, and national levels (Moll et al., 2015).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Moll et al., 2015

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Information about DLW was published in the Canadian Journal of Public Health in 2016.

    “Database searches were used to track citations of two seminal publications that presented DLW, including the original 2015 framework paper published in the Canadian occupational therapy literature (Moll et al., 2015) and the 2016 opinion paper published in the Canadian Journal of Public Health (Gewurtz et al., 2016).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Gewurtz et al., 2016

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Since the citation analysis was limited to articles and theses available in empirical databases, there are likely clinicians and communities using DLW in other ways that are not as easily identifiable.

    “Since the citation analysis was limited to articles and theses available in empirical databases, it should be noted that there are likely clinicians and communities using DLW in other ways that are not as easily identifiable.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Although occupational therapy is currently the main field using DLW, the citation analysis confirms the diversity and broad application of the framework with both clinical and general populations in a variety of settings.

    “Although occupational therapy is currently the main field using DLW, the citation analysis confirms the diversity and broad application of the framework with both clinical and general populations in a variety of settings.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    The authors of the framework were Canadian, white settlers and as such, the framework likely reflects Western cultural norms and values surrounding activity patterns and time use.

    “It should be noted that the authors of the framework were Canadian, white settlers and as such, the framework likely reflects Western Cultural norms and values surrounding activity patterns and time use.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The authors of the DLW framework were Canadian, white settlers.
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The DLW framework articulates key concepts that are often overlooked, and insights regarding the evidence-based links between occupation, health, and well-being of individuals and communities can inform health promotion policy and practice.

    “The framework articulates key concepts that are often overlooked, and insights regarding the evidence-based links between occupation, health, and well-being of individuals and communities can inform health promotion policy and practice (Reitz & Scaffa, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Reitz & Scaffa, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Citation content analysis is a widely used and accepted way to assess the impact of scholarly work.

    “A citation content analysis was chosen as it is a widely used and accepted way to assess the impact of scholarly work (Zhang et al., 2013).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Zhang et al., 2013

      Not checked in the free run.

18 of 18
  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    The extent of uptake and use of DLW since its publication was unknown prior to this study.

    “It is unknown, however, the extent to which the framework has been adopted since its initial publication.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The DLW framework has been translated into French and German.

    “The framework has been translated into French and German, and various bilingual tools published on the website (www.dolivewell.ca) have been developed to support the framework application.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The authors of the DLW framework were Canadian, white settlers.

    “It should be noted that the authors of the framework were Canadian, white settlers and as such, the framework likely reflects Western Cultural norms and values surrounding activity patterns and time use.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The DLW framework was developed by occupational therapists.

    “Furthermore, the framework was developed by occupational therapists.”
4 of 4

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The Do-Live-Well Framework identifies eight activity experiences and five activity patterns previously shown to impact health and well-being.

    “For example, the Do-Live-Well Framework (DLW) (83–85), a conceptual framework from Canada, identifies eight activity experiences and five activity patterns previously shown to impact health and well-being.”

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 18 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. DeBroux Leduc R., 2020, Revue Francophone de Recherche En Ergotherapie, 6, 33
  2. Krupa T., 2010, Action Over Inertia
  3. Reitz S. M., 2020, AJOT: American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74, 7403420010 +

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hamilton, K. A., Letts, L. J., Larivière, N., & Moll, S. E.
Corresponding author
Moll, Sandra E.
Venue
Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy
Published
2023-01-09
Volume
90
Issue
3
Pages
297-302
ISSN
  • 0008-4174 (ISSN-L)
  • 1911-9828
OpenAlex
W4315435614
Cited by
9
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3
FWCI
4.48
Type
journal article
Language
fr
Open access
Locations
  • Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Therapy Practice and Research
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Public Health Policies and Education
Keywords
health promotion theory, occupational health, well-being, citation analysis, knowledge translation, occupational therapy practice
MeSH terms
Health Promotion, Humans, Occupational Therapy, Occupations

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-10.

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