An Examination of the Impacts of Gender, Race, and Ethnicity on the Judicial Processing of Offenders in Family Violence Cases

Having a public defender increased the likelihood of being assigned cash bail instead of being granted ROR for White defendants.

“Having a public defender increased the likelihood of being assigned cash bail instead of being granted ROR for White defendants.”

Black and Hispanic defendants were no more likely than White defendants to be assigned cash bail.

“Black and Hispanic defendants were no more likely than White defendants to be assigned cash bail.”

Black defendants were more likely to be detained when they had a public defender instead of a private attorney.

“Black defendants were more likely to be detained when they had a public defender instead of a private attorney.”

Hispanic defendants had significantly higher bail amounts than White defendants while there were no other significant differences on bail amounts.

“Though, Hispanic defendants had significantly higher bail amounts than White defendants while there were no other significant differences on bail amounts.”

Male defendants received bail amounts that were 51.7% higher than female defendants.

“Freiburger & Romain (2018) found that male defendants received bail amounts that were 51.7% higher than female defendants while Hissong & Wheeler (2019) found that males had 63% higher bail amounts in comparison to women.”

In family violence cases, male defendants were assigned bail 2.625 times more often than female defendants in lieu of ROR.

“Indeed, in a study examining gender disparities in the judicial processing of offenders involved in family violence cases, Freiburger & Romain (2018) found that, in lieu of ROR, male defendants were assigned bail 2.625 times more often than female defendants.”

Hispanic defendants pay as much as 14-31.8% more in bail compared to White defendants.

“Similarly, Hispanic defendants pay as much as 14-31.8%more in bail (Freiburger & Romain, 2018;Williams, 2018)”

Hispanic defendants are more likely to be detained compared to White defendants.

“and are more likely to be detained when compared to White defendants (Cadoff et al., 2021;Hissong & Wheeler, 2019;Freiburger & Romain, 2018).”

Male defendants were more likely to be denied ROR and be assigned cash bail or detained.

“In addition, male defendants were more likely to be denied ROR and be assigned cash bail or detained”

Black and Hispanic defendants pay higher cash bail and are more likely to be detained compared to White defendants.

“For instance, Black and Hispanic pay higher cash bail and are more likely to be detained compared to White defendants (e.g., Freiburger & Romain, 2018;Hissong & Wheeler, 2019).”

Male defendants were more often assigned cash bail opposed to ROR than female defendants.

“Male defendants also were more often assigned cash bail opposed to ROR than female defendants (e.g., Freiburger & Romain, 2018).”