The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Psychometric Properties of Shortened Versions of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire
Abstract
Measures of depression are increasingly being used as outcomes or predictors by organizational and consumer psychologists. One such measure is the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ). However, questions about the 30-item ATQ’s factor structure and its length for use in survey research remain. The authors offer 15-and 8-item shortened versions of the ATQ. Two samples ( n = 434 and n = 419) were used to derive the reduced versions. A single factor was found to underlie both reduced versions, with scores on this factor yielding strong estimates of internal consistency and nomological validity. Two more cross-validation samples ( n = 163 and n = 91) also showed support for the 15-and 8-item versions. Overall, results suggest that these reduced-item versions of the ATQ are useful alternatives to measuring cognitions associated with depression.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The questionnaire proved to have excellent internal consistency, with an alpha coefficient of 0.96 for the 15-item version (Netemeyer et al., 2002).”
From Standard CBT versus integrative and multimodal CBT assisted by virtual-reality for generalized anxiety disorder (2022) · cites this paper as Netemeyer et al., 2002
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2022) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 · Cited by 23,476
(1991) · Cited by 15,554
The measurement of experienced burnout
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.4030020205 · Cited by 14,496
Scale Development: Theory and Applications.
Xie, Y.-P., & Devellis, R. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2075704 · Cited by 14,143
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
(2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.5505/kpd · Cited by 13,703
What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications
Cortina, J. M. (1993) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98 · Cited by 8,810 · cited 2×
“Several psychometricians have made the argument that highly redundant items tend to raise indexes (like coefficient alpha) without substantively adding to internal consistency or content validity (L. A. Clark & Watson, 1995; Cortina, 1993).”
BackgroundWell-being : the foundations of hedonic psychology
Kahneman, D. J., Diener, E. F., & Schwarz, N. (1999) · Cited by 7,472
Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications.
Smith, M. D., & Hoyle, R. H. (1996) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2988418 · Cited by 6,875
Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309 · Cited by 6,567
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Black, D. W., 1996, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 57, 50
- Charles, S.B.M., World Congress of Cognitive Therapy
- Dahlstrom, W. G., 1972, An MMPI handbook: Clinical interpretation, Vol. 1
- 10.1037/1076-8998.1.1.57 · DOI
- 1999, Gambling Impact and Behavior Study
- 10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.238 · DOI · Paper page
- Jöreskog, K. G., 1996, LISRESL8: User’s reference guide
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Validation Guidelines for IS Positivist Research
Straub, D., & Gefen, D. (2004) · Communications of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1cais.01324 · Cited by 2,797
Lynch, J. G., Netemeyer, R. G., Spiller, S. A., & Zammit, A. (2009) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/649907 · Cited by 249
Self-citationNegative Interpretation Bias in Individuals with Depressive Symptoms
Hindash, A. C., & Amir, N. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9397-4 · Cited by 132
Avi Besser, A., Flett, G. L., Nepon, T. B., & Zeigler‐Hill, V. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00421-x · Cited by 100
Metternich, B., Schmidtke, K., & Hüll, M. (2009) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.07.005 · Cited by 87
McGillivray, J., McCabe, M. P., & Kershaw, M. M. (2007) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2007.09.005 · Cited by 74
Frewen, P., Lundberg, E., MacKinley, J. D., & Wrath, A. J. (2011) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0069-y · Cited by 79
Sinclair, S. J., & LoCicero, A. (2007) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1534765607309962 · Cited by 51
The impact of self-compassion on shame-proneness in social anxiety
Cȃndea, D.-M., & Szentágotai-Tătar, A. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0924-1 · Cited by 42
Psychometric properties of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale in Colombian undergraduates
Ruiz, F. J., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., & Riaño-Hernández, D. (2016) · Suma Psicológica · doi:10.1016/j.sumpsi.2016.02.003 · Cited by 49
Hallford, D. J., Hardgrove, S., Sanam, M., Oliveira, S., Pilon, M., & Duran, T. (2022) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12364 · Cited by 39
Niles, A. N., Axelsson, E., Andersson, E., Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E., Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., Johansson, R., Widén, S., Driessen, J., Santoft, F., et al. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103767 · Cited by 35
Exploring the features of an app-based just-in-time intervention for depression
Everitt, N., Broadbent, J., Richardson, B., Smyth, J. M., Heron, K. E., Teague, S. J., & Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.021 · Cited by 37
Arpin‐Cribbie, C. A., & Cribbie, R. A. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.020 · Cited by 32
Pan, J., Ye, S. S., & Petrus Yat-nam, N. G. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22193 · Cited by 30
Hauksson, P., Ingibergsdóttir, S., Gunnarsdóttir, T., & Jónsdóttir, I. H. (2017) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2017.1331263 · Cited by 29
Danaher, B. G., Seeley, J. R., Silver, R. K., Tyler, M. S., Kim, J. J., Porte, L. M. L., Cleveland, E., Smith, D. R., Milgrom, J., & Gau, J. M. (2022) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.09.027 · Cited by 32
Beevers, C. G., Scott, W. D., McGeary, C., & McGeary, J. E. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930802121103 · Cited by 28
Lindner, C., Kotta, I., Marschalkó, E. E., Szabó, K., Kálcza-Jánosi, K., & Retelsdorf, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095098 · Cited by 30
Ghassemzadeh, H., Mojtabai, R., Karamghadiri, N., & Ebrahimkhani, N. (2006) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764006062095 · Cited by 26
The Study of Factor Structure and Reliability of an Abbreviated School Climate Survey
Ding, C., Liu, Y., & Berkowitz, M. W. (2011) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573511414005 · Cited by 25
Idsøe, T., Keleş, S., Olseth, A. R., & Ogden, T. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2134-3 · Cited by 24
Evaluación del lenguaje interno ansiógeno y depresógeno en la experiencia de dolor crónico
Cano‐García, F. J., & Franco, L. R. (2002) · APUNTES DE PSICOLOGÍA · doi:10.55414/k8rtnp17 · Cited by 24
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Intervention on Acculturation
Pan, J., Petrus Yat-nam, N. G., Young, D. K. W., & Caroline, S. (2016) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731516646857 · Cited by 23
Vrabel, K. R., Wampold, B. E., Quintana, D. S., Goss, K., Waller, G., & Hoffart, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01638 · Cited by 23
Carik, B., Izaac, V. V., Ding, X., Scarpa, A., & Rho, E. H. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714287 · Cited by 21
Relationship Between Cognitive Distortions and Psychological Disorders Across Diagnostic Axes
Rosenfield, B. (2004) · Digital Commons - PCOM (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine) · Cited by 21
Solness, C. L., Kroska, E. B., Holdefer, P. J., & O’Hara, M. W. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-020-00188-5 · Cited by 20
The Mediating Role of Automatic Thoughts in the Personality–Event–Affect Relationship
Kopala‐Sibley, D. C., & Santor, D. A. (2009) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070802694644 · Cited by 20
Factor Structure of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire in a Clinical Sample
Zettle, R. D., Webster, B. K., Gird, S. R., Wagener, A. L., & Burdsal, C. A. (2013) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2013.6.3.280 · Cited by 17
Alsaleh, M., Lebreuilly, R., Lebreuilly, J., & Tostain, M. (2016) · Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive · doi:10.1016/j.jtcc.2016.02.002 · Cited by 9
Popa, C. O., Sava, F. A., Muresan, S., Schenk, A., Cojocaru, C. M., Muntean, L. M., & Olah, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1008981 · Cited by 14
Observations on some key psychometric properties of paper-and-pencil measures
Netemeyer, R. G., Pullig, C., & Bearden, W. O. (2004) · Advances in business marketing & purchasing/Advances in business marketing and purchasing · doi:10.1016/s1069-0964(02)11007-6 · Cited by 14
Self-citationThe Relation between Negative Automatic Thoughts and Psychological Inflexibility in Schizophrenia
Popa, C. O., Rus, A. V., Lee, W. C., Cojocaru, C. M., Schenk, A., Văcăraș, V., Olah, P., Mureşan, S., Szasz, S., & Bredicean, C. A. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11030871 · Cited by 15
Zou, H., Gao, J., Wu, W., Zhang, W., & Huo, L. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/2598864 · Cited by 13
Marschalkó, E. E., Kotta, I., Kálcza-Jánosi, K., Szabo, K., & Farcas, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.596543 · Cited by 12
Ruiz, F. J., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., Barón-Rincón, D., Barrera-Acevedo, A., Martínez-Sánchez, A., & Peña, A. (2016) · Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología · doi:10.1016/j.rlp.2015.10.002 · Cited by 13
Hallford, D. J., Woolfit, M., Follett, A., Jones, E. D., Harrison, O., & Austin, D. (2024) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2024.2333510 · Cited by 15
Effectiveness of an Adventure-based Cognitive Behavioral Program for Hong Kong University Students
Pan, J., & Zhuang, X. (2021) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315211042096 · Cited by 12
Pan, J., Carlbring, P., & Lu, L. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100600 · Cited by 17
Vîslă, A., Holtforth, M. G., & David, D. (2015) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-015-0207-x · Cited by 12
Zhang, S., & Colvin, K. F. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1482016 · Cited by 11
Idsøe, T., & Keleş, S. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0954-y · Cited by 9
Pan, J., Ye, S. S., Petrus Yat-nam, N. G., & Lu, L. (2020) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731520962181 · Cited by 9
Keleş, S., & Idsøe, T. (2020) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-020-01160-0 · Cited by 9
Pan, J., & Rafi, J. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/64303 · Cited by 9
Validity Evidence of the Spanish Version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-8 in Colombia
Ruiz, F. J., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., & Riaño-Hernández, D. (2017) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2017.7 · Cited by 7
Cândea, D.-M., & Szentágotai‐Tătar, A. (2019) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-019-00064-4 · Cited by 8
Beauducel, A., & Leue, A. (2014) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000135 · Cited by 7
An open trial internet-delivered intervention for perfectionism
Tulbure, B. T., Flueraș, A.-B., Nădăban, O., Moga, D.-S., & Măgurean, S. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01286-y · Cited by 6
Mental health of Hong Kong university students: a 5.5-year trend study across the COVID-19 pandemic
Pan, J., Wang, N., & Shum, M. H. Y. (2025) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2025.2496445 · Cited by 6
Pan, J., & Zhuang, X. (2023) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315231163804 · Cited by 6
Psychometric properties of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-8 in two Spanish nonclinical samples
Ruiz, F. J., Segura‐Vargas, M. A., Odriozola-González, P., & Suárez-Falcón, J. C. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.9747 · Cited by 7
Investigating experiential avoidance as a mechanism of action in a mindfulness intervention
Weinrib, A. (2011) · doi:10.17077/etd.ol97lozj · Cited by 6
Pössel, P., Seely, H. D., & Marchetti, I. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01218-5 · Cited by 5
Lichtenstein, M. B., Dervisevic, A., Eg, J., Wilson, R. L., & Wesselhoeft, R. T. (2019) · Nordic Psychology · doi:10.1080/19012276.2019.1604252 · Cited by 5
Popa, C. O., Predatu, R., Lee, W. C., Blaga, P., Sirbu, E., Rus, A. V., Clark, A., Cojocaru, C. M., Schenk, A., Văcăraș, V., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18010116 · Cited by 6
Pereira, I., Matos, A. P., & Azevedo, A. F. (2014) · Psicologia Saúde & Doenças · doi:10.15309/14psd150105 · Cited by 5
Bradley, K. L., Santor, D. A., & Oram, R. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health · doi:10.7870/cjcmh-2015-025 · Cited by 8
Carrington, S. C., Turner, M. J., North, J. S., & Brady, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1571447 · Cited by 4
Chien, C., & Huang, Y.-W. (2022) · Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica · doi:10.1186/s41155-022-00235-x · Cited by 4
Development and Validation of the Brief Unhelpful Thoughts Scale (BUTs)
Knowles, S. R., Apputhurai, P., & Bates, G. W. (2017) · Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.12974/2313-1047.2017.04.02.1 · Cited by 3
Huang, Y.-W., Chien, C., Chiang, Y.-H., Liu, C., & Huang, X. (2023) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053231200318 · Cited by 4
Herriman, Z., Roberts, R., Taylor, A. M., & Slater, A. (2024) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2024.100494 · Cited by 3
Oltean, L.-E., Canache, M., PATRICHI, A., Rîmbu, R., SÎNTOMA, D., Miu, A. C., & SZENTÁGOTAI-TĂTAR, A. (2024) · Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies · doi:10.24193/jebp.2024.2.14 · Cited by 3
Hallford, D. J., Gerring, K. S., Button, M., Campbell, R., & Sutton, K. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-024-10554-1 · Cited by 3
Nyland, J. E. (2004) · ScholarWorks - GVSU (Grand Valley State University) · Cited by 3
David, D., & Matu, S. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_967-1 · Cited by 3
Graboyes, E. M., Maurer, S. N., Kistner‐Griffin, E., Armeson, K. E., Starr, E., McLeod, T., Balliet, W. E., Doenges, J., Slavin-Spenny, O., Vanderlan, J. R., et al. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2025.107888 · Cited by 2
Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS)
Medvedeva, A., & Medvedev, O. N. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_13-1 · Cited by 2
Lebreuilly, R., & Alsaleh, M. A. (2019) · Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive · doi:10.1016/j.jtcc.2019.01.003 · Cited by 2
View of Self Scale: Measuring Negative Self-Referential Thoughts in Depression
Lehmann Jennifer, K., Overholser James, C., Athey, A. J., Silvia, H., Beale, E. E., & Ridley, J. (2021) · Annals of Cognitive Science · doi:10.36959/447/351 · Cited by 2
Measuring the motivation to avoid duping: scale development and validation
Madrigal, R., Wardley, M., & Soule, C. A. A. (2021) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-07-2020-3972 · Cited by 2
David, D., & Matu, S. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_967 · Cited by 2
Cuestionario de Pensamiento Automático (ATQ-8): Nueva evidencia basada en AFC, TRI y SEM
Herrera, W. A. B., Escobar, A. R. Q., Cárcamo-Zepeda, E., Torres-Guffanti, A., & Yupanqui-Lorenzo, D. E. (2023) · Revista Evaluar · doi:10.35670/1667-4545.v23.n1.41010 · Cited by 1
Kara, M., Genç, M., Talaghir, L.-G., Benţea, C. C., Olaru, B. S., & Ivan, P. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16020205 · Cited by 1
Wuthrich, V. M., Huang-Smith, T., Rapee, R. M., Kangas, M., & Jones, M. (2026) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-025-10703-0 · Cited by 1
Chesin, M. S., Interian, A., & Myers, C. E. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.06.003 · Cited by 1
Alsaleh, M. A., & Kubitary, A. (2016) · Journal of Psychology and Cognition · doi:10.35841/psychology-cognition.1.1.64-69 · Cited by 2
Vancappel, A., Eberle, D. J., Chkili, R., Schenkel, J., Maercker, A. R. A., El‐Hage, W., & Bachem, R. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119616 · Cited by 1
Hallford, D. J., Woolfit, M., Follett, A., Jones, E. D., Harrison, O., & Austin, D. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/e8gk9 · Cited by 1
Langlands, R. L. (2012) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.16998277.v1 · Cited by 2
Validität des Fragebogens irrationaler Einstellungen (FIE)
Bühner, M., & Müller, J. M. (2006) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026/0012-1924.52.1.1
Responses to positive affect: An examination of positive rumination and dampening
Hughes, M. E. (2008) · TUScholarShare (Temple University)
CONSUMPTION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT INTERNET MATERIAL AND WELLBEING: A SELF-DISCREPANCY APPROACH
Kuan, H. T. (2016) · CSUSB ScholarWorks (California State University, San Bernardino)
Brooks, A. S. (2016) · Anglia Ruskin Research Online (Anglia Ruskin University)
Sheppard, J. Z. (2023) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/exakd
الله, م. خ. م. ع. (2023) · مجلة البحث في التربية وعلم النفس · doi:10.21608/mathj.2023.198521.1320
Al-Omari, M., & Khait, A. F. A. (2023) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2023.2205511
Axelsson, E., Santoft, F., Särnholm, J., & Ljótsson, B. (2023) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465823000541
Socioeconomic Status as a Longitudinal Predictor of Negative Automatic Thoughts and Depression
Turturescu, C., Rotărescu, V. S., & Opariuc‐Dan, C. (2025) · Studia Doctoralia · doi:10.47040/sdpsych.v16i1.180
Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS)
Medvedeva, A., & Medvedev, O. N. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47219-0_13 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Netemeyer, R. G., Williamson, D. A., Burton, S., Biswas, D., Jindal, S., Landreth, S., Mills, G., & Primeaux, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- University of Arkansas at Fayetteville (US)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Netemeyer, Richard G.
- Venue
- Educational and Psychological Measurement
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 111-129
- ISSN
- 0013-1644 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3888
- OpenAlex
- W2021590390
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational and Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, depression, cognitive distortions, short-form questionnaire, factor structure, internal consistency, nomological validity, cross-validation, psychometric properties
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
