The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Reliability Generalization of Scores on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Abstract
A reliability generalization study for Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was conducted. A total of 816 research articles utilizing the STAI between 1990 and 2000 were reviewed and classified as having (a) ignored reliability (73%), (b) mentioned reliability or reported reliability coefficients from another source (21%), or (c) computed reliability for the data at hand (6%). Articles in medically oriented journals were shorter and somewhat less likely to mention or compute reliability than nonmedically oriented articles, perhaps due to paradigm differences. Average reliability coefficients were acceptable for both internal consistency and test-retest, but variation was present among the estimates. State test-retest coefficients were lower than internal consistency coefficients. Score variability was predictive of internal consistency reliability for scores on both scales. Other predictors were the age of research participants, the form of the STAI, and the type of research design.
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“Problems with this style of assessment were shown in Barnes etal. (2002) reliability investigation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Gaudry etal., 1975), which found a test-retest correlation ranging from 0.82 to 0.94 for trait anxiety, and 0.34 to 0.96 for state anxiety.”
From Investigating state and trait aspects of resilience using Generalizability theory (2024) · cites this paper as Barnes et al., 2002
Citations
Cites
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Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Henson, R. K. , & Thompson, B. (in press). Characterizing measurement error in scores across studies: Some recommendations for conducting “Reliability Generalization” (RG) studies. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028931 · Cited by 2,123
Kaufman, E. A., Xia, M., Fosco, G., Yaptangco, M., Skidmore, C. R., & Crowell, S. E. (2016) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9529-3 · Cited by 960
“The STAI-Y is a 40-itemmeasure of both state and trait anxiety with excellent reliability (α=.89) and testretest reliability (ρ=.88; Barnes, Harp, and Jung 2002).”
BackgroundGrös, D. F., Antony, M. M., Simms, L. J., & McCabe, R. E. (2007) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.19.4.369 · Cited by 615
“…good internal consistency, test–retest reliability in the STAI Trait, sensitivity to detection of stress in the STAI State, and convergent and discriminant validity (Barnes et al., 2002; Hishinuma et al., 2000; Kabacoff, Segal, Hersen, & Van Hasselt, 1997; Spielberger, 1989; Vautier, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodProfiles of adolescent stress: The development of the adolescent stress questionnaire (ASQ)
Byrne, D. G., Davenport, S. C., & Mazanov, J. (2006) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.04.004 · Cited by 654
Knowles, K. A., & Olatunji, B. O. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101928 · Cited by 533
“A subsequent review found that the average test-retest reliability of the STAI-T was .88 across seven studies published from 1990 to 2000 (Barnes et al., 2002).”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Barnes, L. L. B., Harp, D., & Jung, W. S.
- Affiliations
- Oklahoma State University (US)
- Tulsa Community College (US)
- Bluffton University (US)
- Venue
- Educational and Psychological Measurement
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 603-618
- ISSN
- 0013-1644 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3888
- OpenAlex
- W2171256147
- Cited by
- 947
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational and Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Keywords
- State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, reliability generalization, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, anxiety assessment, score variability, research reporting practices
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