The DOI matches its Crossref record; 118 of the 119 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research: Common Errors and Some Comment on Improved Practice
Abstract
Given the proliferation of factor analysis applications in the literature, the present article examines the use of factor analysis in current published research across four psychological journals. Notwithstanding ease of analysis due to computers, the appropriate use of factor analysis requires a series of thoughtful researcher judgments. These judgments directly affect results and interpretations. The authors examine across studies (a) the decisions made while conducting exploratory factor analyses ( N = 60) and (b) the information reported from the analyses. In doing so, they present a review of the current status of factor analytic practice, including comment on common errors in use and reporting. Recommendations are proffered for future practice as regards analytic decisions and reporting in empirical research.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The final solution consisted of 15 items underlying three components that explained 74.3% of the total variance which is above the recommended value of 50% (Henson and Roberts, 2006).”
From Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Questionnaire to Measure Different Types of Cognitive Load (2023) · cites this paper as Henson and Roberts, 2006
Citations
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
Psychometric theory (2nd ed.).
Sitgreaves, R. (1979) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/018882 · Cited by 14,384
The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors
Cattell, R. B. (1966) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10 · Cited by 13,554
LIII. On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space
Pearson, K. (1901) · The London Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science · doi:10.1080/14786440109462720 · Cited by 12,864
The application of electronic computers to factor analysis
Kaiser, H. F. (1960) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446002000116 · Cited by 12,459
Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences
Stevens, J. P. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203843130 · Cited by 10,652
Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research.
Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.4.3.272 · Cited by 9,587
A Rationale and Test for the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis
Horn, J. L. (1965) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289447 · Cited by 8,965
"General Intelligence," Objectively Determined and Measured
Spearman, C. (1904) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1412107 · Cited by 6,207
Sample size in factor analysis.
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.4.1.84 · Cited by 5,497
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- Cattell, R. B., 1967, Multivariate Behavioral Research Monographs, 3, 1
- Fan, X., 1996, Advances in social science methodology, 71
- Gorsuch, R. L., 1983, Factor analysis
- Henson, R. K., 2000, Multiple Linear Regression Viewpoints, 26, 11
- Henson, R. K., 2004, Research in the Schools, 11, 61
- Henson, R. K., 2000, Journal of Research and Development in Education, 33, 284
- Hetzel, R. D., 1996, Advances in social science methodology, 175
- Kieffer, K. M., 1999, Research in the Schools, 6, 75
- Mote, T. A., 1970, Revista Interamericana de Psicologia, 37, 61
- Nunnally, J. C., 1978, Psychometric theory
- Thompson, B., 1991, Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 24, 80
- Thompson, B., 1992, Advances in social science methodology, 81
- Thompson, B., 2000, Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics, 207
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Five-Step Guide for Novices
Williams, B. A., Onsman, A., & Brown, T. (2010) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine · doi:10.33151/ajp.8.3.93 · Cited by 2,967
Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Guide to Best Practice
Watkins, M. W. (2018) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798418771807 · Cited by 2,218
El análisis factorial exploratorio de los ítems: una guía práctica, revisada y actualizada
Lloret-Segura, S., Traver, A. F., Hernández, A., & Tomás-Marco, I. (2014) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.30.3.199361 · Cited by 2,164
How to factor-analyze your data right: do’s, don’ts, and how-to’s.
Matsunaga, M. (2010) · International journal of psychological research · doi:10.21500/20112084.854 · Cited by 1,431
Howard, M. C. (2016) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2015.1087664 · Cited by 1,349
Metadata
- Authors
- Henson, R. K., & Roberts, J. K.
- Affiliations
- University of North Texas (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- ORCID
- Henson, Robin K.
- Venue
- Educational and Psychological Measurement
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 393-416
- ISSN
- 0013-1644 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3888
- OpenAlex
- W2097665571
- Cited by
- 2,454
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 129 · 2025: 164 · 2024: 186 · 2023: 182 · 2022: 184 · 2021: 217 · 2020: 203 · 2019: 163 · 2018: 147 · 2017: 148 · 2016: 137 · 2015: 133 · 2014: 125 · 2013: 74 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 44.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational and Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Keywords
- exploratory factor analysis, psychology journals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review