The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Finding the Building in Wayfinding
Abstract
This article uses a limited example to demonstrate that studies of wayfinding and spatial learning can benefit from a more rigorous analytic description of building layout and exploration paths that exhibit their own pattern. In at least one case, search patterns are strongly shaped according to the degree of integration of each space and each choice node of the circulation system within the overall layout. Given this overriding trend, we formulate the idea of a search structure whereby the intelligible properties of layouts interact with navigation rules to produce characteristic patterns of exploration.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Space syntax has been used to study prototypical spatial patterns on a global scale (for example, across different street grids) 166,172 .”
From From cognitive maps to spatial schemas (2023) · cites this paper as [172]
Citations
Cites
Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511597237 · Cited by 4,322
Handbook of environmental psychology
Stokols, D., & Altman, I. (1987) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 2,991
Kuipers, B. J. (1978) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0202_3 · Cited by 772
Styles and Methods of Structuring a City
Appleyard, D. (1970) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/001391657000200106 · Cited by 513
Evaluating Architectural Legibility: Way-Finding in the Built Environment
Weisman, J. (1981) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916581132004 · Cited by 473
Passini, R. (1984) · Cumulative Index of Computer Aided Architectural Design · Cited by 417
Evans, G. W. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.2.259 · Cited by 349
Ideas are in Things: An Application of the Space Syntax Method to Discovering House Genotypes
Hillier, B., Hanson, J., & Graham, H. (1987) · Environment and Planning B Planning and Design · doi:10.1068/b140363 · Cited by 345
Cognitive Mapping in a Complex Building
Moeser, S. D. (1988) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916588201002 · Cited by 201
Environmental Perception and Cognition
Gärling, T., & Golledge, R. G. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0717-4_7 · Cited by 173
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Beaumont, P. B., 1984, Environmental Design Research Association Proceedings, 15, 77
- Carpman, J. R., 1986, Design that cares
- Garling, T., 1981, Design-research interactions: Environmental Design Research Association Proceedings, 12, 69
- Hart, R. A., 1973, Image and environment
- Hillier, B., 1987, Architecture and Behavior/Architecture et Comportment, 3, 233
- Hillier, B., 1984, Designing for building utilization
- Hunt, M. E., 1985, Journal of Architecture and Planning Research, 2, 151
- Lynch, K., 1960, The image of the city
- Peponis, J., Ekistics
- Weisman, G. D., the 1 st International Conference on Building Use and Safety Technology
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A space for place in sociology
Gieryn, T. F. (2000) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.463 · Cited by 2,370
A Review of the Research Literature on Evidence-Based Healthcare Design
Ulrich, R. S., Zimring, C., Zhu, X., DuBose, J. R., Seo, H.-B., Choi, Y.-S., Quan, X., & Joseph, A. (2008) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/193758670800100306 · Cited by 1,588
Self-citationParish, Y. I. H., & Müller, P. (2001) · ACM SIGGRAPH Conference (SIGGRAPH) · doi:10.1145/383259.383292 · Cited by 735
Müller, P. (2006) · ACM SIGGRAPH Conference (SIGGRAPH) · doi:10.1145/1185657.1185716 · Cited by 663
Ulrich, R. S., Quan, X., Joseph, A., Choudhary, R., & Zimring, C. (2004) · Cited by 649
Self-citationSpace Syntax: A Brief Introduction to Its Logic and Analytical Techniques
Bafna, S. (2003) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916502238863 · Cited by 511
Space Syntax And Spatial Cognition
Penn, A. (2003) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916502238864 · Cited by 395
Integration of Space Syntax into GIS: New Perspectives for Urban Morphology
Jiang, B., & Claramunt, C. (2002) · Transactions in GIS · doi:10.1111/1467-9671.00112 · Cited by 371
Maguire, E. A., Frith, C., Burgess, N., Donnett, J. G., & O'Keefe, J. M. (1998) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892998563789 · Cited by 355
Up the down staircase: Wayfinding strategies in multi-level buildings
Hölscher, C., Meilinger, T., Vrachliotis, G., Brösamle, M., & Knauff, M. (2006) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.09.002 · Cited by 350
Turner, A., & Penn, A. (2002) · Environment and Planning B Planning and Design · doi:10.1068/b12850 · Cited by 348
The spatial syntax of urban segregation
Vaughan, L. (2007) · Progress in Planning · doi:10.1016/j.progress.2007.03.001 · Cited by 331
ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1989–1994
Sundstrom, E. D., Bell, P. A., Busby, P. L., & Asmus, C. (1996) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.485 · Cited by 315
A Review of Presence and Performance in Virtual Environments
Nash, E. B., Edwards, G. W., Thompson, J. A., & Barfield, W. (2000) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1207/s15327590ijhc1201_1 · Cited by 307
Effects of Signage and Floor Plan Configuration on Wayfinding Accuracy
O'Neill, M. J. (1991) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916591235002 · Cited by 307
The dynamic nature of cognition during wayfinding
Spiers, H. J., & Maguire, E. A. (2008) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.02.006 · Cited by 232
Evaluation of a Conceptual Model of Architectural Legibility
O’Neill, M. J. (1991) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916591233001 · Cited by 223
The effects of color and light on indoor wayfinding and the evaluation of the perceived environment
Hidayetoğlu, M. L., Yıldırım, K., & Akalın, A. (2011) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2011.09.001 · Cited by 212
Just Down The Road A Piece: The Development of Topological Knowledge of Building Layouts
Haq, S., & Zimring, C. (2003) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916502238868 · Cited by 209
Self-citationSpatial Factors Affecting Wayfinding and Orientation
Dogu, U., & Erkip, F. (2000) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139160021972775 · Cited by 208
Hippocampal and prefrontal processing of network topology to simulate the future
Javadi, A.-H., Emo, B., Howard, L. R., Zisch, F. E., Yu, Y., Knight, R., Pinelo Silva, J., & Spiers, H. J. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14652 · Cited by 207
Carlson, L. A., Hölscher, C., Shipley, T. F., & Dalton, R. (2010) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721410383243 · Cited by 205
Wayfinding: A simple concept, a complex process
Farr, A. C., Kleinschmidt, T., Yarlagadda, P. K. D. V., & Mengersen, K. L. (2012) · Transport Reviews · doi:10.1080/01441647.2012.712555 · Cited by 222
Integrating Knowledge of Vertically Aligned Large-Scale Spaces
Montello, D. R., & Pick, H. L. (1993) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916593253002 · Cited by 201
Integration of space syntax into GIS for modelling urban spaces
Jiang, B., Claramunt, C., & Klarqvist, B. (2000) · International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation · doi:10.1016/s0303-2434(00)85010-2 · Cited by 192
Influences of building design and site design on physical activity
Zimring, C., Joseph, A., Nicoll, G., & Tsepas, S. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.025 · Cited by 184
Self-citationIndividual- and Gender-Related Differences in Indoor Wayfinding
Lawton, C. A., Charleston, S., & Zieles, A. S. (1996) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916596282003 · Cited by 174
The Consumer Retail Search Process: A Conceptual Model and Research Agenda
Titus, P. A., & Everett, P. (1995) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/0092070395232003 · Cited by 169
Burigat, S., & Chittaro, L. (2007) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.07.003 · Cited by 168
Wayfinding in an Unfamiliar Environment
Başkaya, A., Wilson, C., & Özcan, Y. Z. (2004) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916504265445 · Cited by 164
Summers, L., & Johnson, S. D. (2016) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-016-9306-9 · Cited by 154
Do high functioning persons with autism present superior spatial abilities?
Caron, M. L. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.015 · Cited by 159
The role of interior design elements in human responses to crowding.
Evans, G. W., Lepore, S. J., & Schroeder, A. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.41 · Cited by 148
Satisfying shoppers’ psychological needs: From public market to cyber-mall
Ng, C. F. (2003) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(02)00102-0 · Cited by 146
Newman, E. L., Caplan, J. B., Kirschen, M. P., Korolev, I. O., Sekuler, R., & Kahana, M. J. (2006) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.05.013 · Cited by 140
Wayfinding in Healthcare Facilities: Contributions from Environmental Psychology
Devlin, A. S. (2014) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs4040423 · Cited by 139
Linking the Spatial Syntax of Cognitive Maps to the Spatial Syntax of the Environment
Kim, Y. O., & Penn, A. (2004) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916503261384 · Cited by 133
Modelling of urban green space walkability: Eco-friendly walk score calculator
Lwin, K. K., & Murayama, Y. (2011) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2011.05.002 · Cited by 132
Wineman, J., & Peponis, J. (2009) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916509335534 · Cited by 135
Self-citationGeometric accessibility and geographic information: extending desktop GIS to space syntax
Jiang, B., Claramunt, C., & Batty, M. (1999) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/s0198-9715(99)00017-4 · Cited by 128
Wayfinding as a Social Activity
Dalton, R., Hölscher, C., & Montello, D. R. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00142 · Cited by 132
From cognitive maps to spatial schemas
Farzanfar, D., Spiers, H. J., Moscovitch, M., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2023) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-022-00655-9 · Cited by 115
Challenges in Multilevel Wayfinding: A Case Study with the Space Syntax Technique
Hölscher, C., Brösamle, M., & Vrachliotis, G. (2009) · Environment and Planning B Planning and Design · doi:10.1068/b34050t · Cited by 114
Wayfinding in Interior Environments: An Integrative Review
Jamshidi, S., Ensafi, M., & Pati, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.549628 · Cited by 107
Space Syntax in Healthcare Facilities Research: A Review
Haq, S., & Luo, Y. (2012) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/193758671200500409 · Cited by 108
Ruddle, R. A., & Péruch, P. (2003) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.10.001 · Cited by 106
An empirical study of Web browsing behaviour: Towards an effective Website design
Tan, G. W., & Wei, K. (2006) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2006.04.007 · Cited by 102
Technological Assessment of Radio Frequency Identification Technology for Indoor Localization
Pradhan, A. R., Ergen, E., & Akinci, B. (2009) · Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(2009)23:4(230 · Cited by 101
Evaluating Wayfinding Designs in Healthcare Settings through EEG Data and Virtual Response Testing
Kalantari, S., Tripathi, V., Kan, J., Rounds, J. D., Mostafavi, A., Snell, R., & Cruz-Garza, J. G. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101744 · Cited by 107
Nature Routines and Affinity with the Biosphere: A Case Study of Preschool Children in Stockholm
Giusti, M., Barthel, S., & Marcus, L. (2014) · Children Youth and Environments · doi:10.7721/chilyoutenvi.24.3.0016 · Cited by 96
Right-Handers and Americans Favor Turning to the Right
Scharine, A. A., & McBeath, M. K. (2002) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1518/0018720024497916 · Cited by 91
Worldlets---3D thumbnails for wayfinding in virtual environments
Elvins, T. T., Nadeau, D. R., & Kirsh, D. (1997) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) · doi:10.1145/263407.263504 · Cited by 84
Computing a representation of the local environment
Yeap, W. K., & Jefferies, M. E. (1999) · Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00111-8 · Cited by 83
The Application of Space Syntax to Enhance Sociability in Public Urban Spaces: A Systematic Review
Askarizad, R., Daudén, P., & Garau, C. (2024) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi13070227 · Cited by 80
Erkan, İ. (2018) · Architectural Science Review · doi:10.1080/00038628.2018.1523129 · Cited by 82
Vision (im)possible? The effects of in-store signage on customers' visual attention
Otterbring, T., Wästlund, E., Gustafsson, A., & Shams, P. (2014) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.05.002 · Cited by 69
Kuliga, S., Nelligan, B., Dalton, R., Marchette, S. A., Shelton, A. L., Carlson, L. A., & Hölscher, C. (2019) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916519836149 · Cited by 83
The Role of Spatial Reference Frames in Architecture
Werner, S., & Schindler, L. E. (2004) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916503254829 · Cited by 70
Spatial Measures Associated with Stair Use
Nicoll, G. (2007) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-21.4s.346 · Cited by 67
Integrating Indoor and Outdoor Spaces for Pedestrian Navigation Guidance: A Review
Vanclooster, A., de Weghe, N. V., & Maeyer, P. D. (2016) · Transactions in GIS · doi:10.1111/tgis.12178 · Cited by 65
Floor Plan Connectivity Influences Wayfinding Performance in Virtual Environments
Slone, E., Burles, F., Robinson, K. M., Levy, R., & Iaria, G. (2014) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916514533189 · Cited by 64
Indoor space subdivision for indoor navigation
Kruminaite, M., & Sisi Zlatanova, B. (2014) · doi:10.1145/2676528.2676529 · Cited by 60
Jeon, G.-Y., & Hong, W. (2009) · Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries · doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2009.08.008 · Cited by 60
House prices and relative location
Heyman, A. V., & Sommervoll, D. E. (2019) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2019.06.004 · Cited by 57
Architectural features and indoor evacuation wayfinding: The starting point matters
Natapov, A., Parush, A., Laufer, L., & Fisher-Gewirtzman, D. (2021) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105483 · Cited by 57
Long, Y., & Baran, P. K. (2011) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916511402059 · Cited by 55
Developing & using interaction geography in a museum
Shapiro, B. R., Hall, R. P., & Owens, D. A. (2017) · International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning · doi:10.1007/s11412-017-9264-8 · Cited by 60
Schematic Maps as Wayfinding Aids
Casakin, H., Barkowsky, T., Klippel, A., & Freksa, C. (2000) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45460-8_5 · Cited by 56
Investigating the Syntax Line: Configurational Properties and Cognitive Correlates
Haq, S. (2003) · Environment and Planning B Planning and Design · doi:10.1068/b2960 · Cited by 54
Setola, N., Naldi, E., Cocina, G. G., Eide, L. B., Iannuzzi, L., & Daly, D. (2019) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/1937586719826058 · Cited by 54
The effects of correlated colour temperature on wayfinding: A study in a virtual airport environment
Süzer, Ö. K., Olguntürk, N., & Guvenc, D. (2018) · Displays · doi:10.1016/j.displa.2018.01.003 · Cited by 48
Finding the Way Inside: Linking Architectural Design Analysis and Cognitive Processes
Hölscher, C., Meilinger, T., Vrachliotis, G., Brösamle, M., & Knauff, M. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-32255-9_1 · Cited by 48
Seeing the Axial Line: Evidence from Wayfinding Experiments
Emo, B. (2014) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs4030167 · Cited by 46
Shi, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, T., Li, C., & Yuan, S. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12104133 · Cited by 45
Movement in museums: mediating between museum intent and visitor experience
Tzortzi, K. (2014) · Museum Management and Curatorship · doi:10.1080/09647775.2014.939844 · Cited by 45
The effect of trails on first-time and subsequent navigation in a virtual environment
Ruddle, R. A. (2005) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) · doi:10.1109/vr.2005.1492761 · Cited by 45
Spatial decision support systems for hospital layout design: A review
Jia, Z., Nourian, P., Luscuere, P. G., & Wagenaar, C. (2023) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106042 · Cited by 44
Influence of Geometry and Objects on Local Route Choices during Wayfinding
Frankenstein, J., Büchner, S. J., Tenbrink, T., & Hölscher, C. (2010) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14749-4_7 · Cited by 42
Exploring an Absent Presence: Wayfinding as an Embodied Sociocultural Experience
Symonds, P. S., Brown, D. H. K., & Iacono, V. L. (2017) · Sociological Research Online · doi:10.5153/sro.4185 · Cited by 40
Space Syntax: A Network-Based Configurational Approach to Studying Urban Morphology
Rashid, M. (2019) · Modeling and simulation in science, engineering & technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12381-9_10 · Cited by 40
Pouyan, A. E., Ghanbaran, A. H., & Shakibamanesh, A. (2021) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102931 · Cited by 40
Use of Knowledge and Heuristics for Wayfinding in an Artificial Environment
Murakoshi, S., & Kawai, M. (2000) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139160021972784 · Cited by 41
Spatial Choice and Preference in Multilevel Movement Networks
Chang, D. (2002) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916502034005002 · Cited by 39
Elvins, T. T., Nadeau, D. R., Schul, R., & Kirsh, D. (1998) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/274644.274669 · Cited by 39
Developing Visibility Analysis for a Retail Store: A Pilot Study in a Bookstore
Lü, Y., & Seo, H.-B. (2014) · Environment and Planning B Planning and Design · doi:10.1068/b130016p · Cited by 38
Measuring sense of belonging among employees working at a corporate campus
Jaitli, R., & Hua, Y. (2013) · Journal of Corporate Real Estate · doi:10.1108/jcre-04-2012-0005 · Cited by 38
Visibility matters during wayfinding in the vertical
Gath-Morad, M., Thrash, T., Schicker, J., Hölscher, C., Helbing, D., & Aguilar, L. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98439-1 · Cited by 43
CAPTURING INDOOR WAYFINDING STRATEGIES AND DIFFERENCES IN SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE WITH SPACE SYNTAX 043
Hölscher, C., & Brösamle, M. (2007) · Cited by 38
Combination of CPTED and space syntax for the analysis of crime
Matijošaitienė, I. (2015) · Safer Communities · doi:10.1108/sc-05-2015-0013 · Cited by 36
Pre-Occupancy Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction in Hospitals
van der Zwart, J., & van der Voordt, D. J. M. (2015) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/1937586715595506 · Cited by 36
Bridging the Gap in Planning Indoor Pedestrian Facilities
Kalakou, S., & Moura, F. (2014) · Transport Reviews · doi:10.1080/01441647.2014.915441 · Cited by 39
The role of strategic visibility in shaping wayfinding behavior in multilevel buildings
Gath-Morad, M., Grübel, J., Steemers, K., Sailer, K., Ben-Alon, L., Hölscher, C., & Aguilar, L. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-53420-6 · Cited by 40
Chen, M.-S., Ko, Y.-T., & Hsieh, W.-C. (2021) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi10080570 · Cited by 35
Beyond the shortest-path: Towards cognitive occupancy modeling in BIM
Gath-Morad, M., Aguilar, L., Dalton, R., & Hölscher, C. (2022) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104131 · Cited by 39
Identifying Uncertainty States during Wayfinding in Indoor Environments: An EEG Classification Study
Zhu, B., Cruz-Garza, J. G., Yang, Q., Shoaran, M., & Kalantari, S. (2021) · Advanced Engineering Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.aei.2022.101718 · Cited by 34
Wayfinding and Spatial Configuration: evidencefrom street corners
Emo, B., Hölscher, C., Wiener, J. M., & Dalton, R. (2012) · Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) · Cited by 32
A representation of partial spatial knowledge: a cognitive map approach for evacuation simulations
Andresen, E., Chraibi, M., & Seyfried, A. (2018) · Transportmetrica A Transport Science · doi:10.1080/23249935.2018.1432717 · Cited by 33
Architectural spatial layout design for hospitals: A review
Sari, A. O. B., & Jabi, W. (2024) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110835 · Cited by 44
Kalantari, S., & Snell, R. (2017) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/1937586716687714 · Cited by 31
Wayfinding in Natural and Urban Environments: A Comparative Study
Brosset, D., Claramunt, C., & Saux, É. (2008) · Cartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization · doi:10.3138/carto.43.1.021 · Cited by 37
Metadata
- Authors
- Peponis, J., Zimring, C., & Choi, Y. K.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Environment and Behavior
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1990-09
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 555-590
- ISSN
- 0013-9165 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-390X
- OpenAlex
- W2027963659
- Cited by
- 404
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 6.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environment and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics
- Keywords
- wayfinding, spatial learning, building layout, search patterns, cardiovascular system, navigation rules, spatial integration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review