The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Finding the Building in Wayfinding
Abstract
This article uses a limited example to demonstrate that studies of wayfinding and spatial learning can benefit from a more rigorous analytic description of building layout and exploration paths that exhibit their own pattern. In at least one case, search patterns are strongly shaped according to the degree of integration of each space and each choice node of the circulation system within the overall layout. Given this overriding trend, we formulate the idea of a search structure whereby the intelligible properties of layouts interact with navigation rules to produce characteristic patterns of exploration.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Space syntax has been used to study prototypical spatial patterns on a global scale (for example, across different street grids) 166,172 .”
From From cognitive maps to spatial schemas (2023) · cites this paper as [172]
Citations
Cites
Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511597237 · Cited by 4,322
Handbook of environmental psychology
Stokols, D., & Altman, I. (1987) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 2,991
Kuipers, B. J. (1978) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0202_3 · Cited by 772
Styles and Methods of Structuring a City
Appleyard, D. (1970) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/001391657000200106 · Cited by 513
Evaluating Architectural Legibility: Way-Finding in the Built Environment
Weisman, J. (1981) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916581132004 · Cited by 473
Passini, R. (1984) · Cumulative Index of Computer Aided Architectural Design · Cited by 417
Evans, G. W. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.2.259 · Cited by 349
Ideas are in Things: An Application of the Space Syntax Method to Discovering House Genotypes
Hillier, B., Hanson, J., & Graham, H. (1987) · Environment and Planning B Planning and Design · doi:10.1068/b140363 · Cited by 345
Cognitive Mapping in a Complex Building
Moeser, S. D. (1988) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916588201002 · Cited by 201
Environmental Perception and Cognition
Gärling, T., & Golledge, R. G. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0717-4_7 · Cited by 173
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Beaumont, P. B., 1984, Environmental Design Research Association Proceedings, 15, 77
- Carpman, J. R., 1986, Design that cares
- Garling, T., 1981, Design-research interactions: Environmental Design Research Association Proceedings, 12, 69
- Hart, R. A., 1973, Image and environment
- Hillier, B., 1987, Architecture and Behavior/Architecture et Comportment, 3, 233
- Hillier, B., 1984, Designing for building utilization
- Hunt, M. E., 1985, Journal of Architecture and Planning Research, 2, 151
- Lynch, K., 1960, The image of the city
- Peponis, J., Ekistics
- Weisman, G. D., the 1 st International Conference on Building Use and Safety Technology
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 403
Building Analysis from a Spatial Cognition Perspective
Vrachliotis, G., Hölscher, C., & Meilinger, T. (2005) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) · Cited by 2
Zhai, W., & Chen, C. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35702-2_32 · Cited by 1
Touliabah, E. H. E., Mori, S., & Nomura, R. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17020514 · Cited by 3
Qiao, X., Tian, S., Tang, M., He, S., Wang, J., Fan, L., Zhu, Y., Zhang, Z., Du, S. X., Dong, C., et al. (2026) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/83128 · Cited by 1
Kim, J., & Wang, N. (2026) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings16132619 · Cited by 1
Lee, K., Lim, T., Lee, G., & Park, C.-K. (2026) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi15090399 · Cited by 1
Dymarczyk, W. (2012) · Przegląd Organizacji · doi:10.33141/po.2012.11.07 · Cited by 1
Retrieving Hierarchical Information from Maps: The Role of Metric and Configurational Variables
Mora, R. (2011) · The Cartographic Journal · doi:10.1179/174327711x13052866800099 · Cited by 1
A spatial analysis of the JBA headquarters in Splinter Cell: Double Agent
Martín, P. (2011) · International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games (FDG) · doi:10.1145/2159365.2159382 · Cited by 1
Complementary Syntactical Attributes of Wayfinding
Beck, M. P., & Turkienicz, B. (2009) · Cited by 1
Habib, F., & Sashourpour, M. (2012) · Cited by 1
Mekan, Algı ve Biliş Bağlamında Hastane Tasarım Dilini Anlamak: SDÜ Hastanesi Örneği
Güç, B., Gençel, Z., & Karadayı, A. (2013) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · doi:10.19113/sdufbed.40260 · Cited by 1
Hendou, M., Ivani, H., & Nourtaghani, A. (2021) · Haft Hesar Journal of Environmental Studies · doi:10.52547/hafthesar.10.36.5 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of Indoor Paths Based On Indoor Navigation Network Models and Space Syntax Measures
Bilgili, A., Sen, A., & Başaraner, M. (2023) · Geodetski vestnik · doi:10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2023.01.11-39 · Cited by 3
Kentsel Mekanlarda Renk Algısı ve Uygulamaları Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Çin Örneği
Doğan, F. (2023) · Düzce Üniversitesi Orman fakültesi ormancılık dergisi/Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi ormancılık dergisi · doi:10.58816/duzceod.1380408 · Cited by 1
Morphological Analysis of the Kheireddine Palace converted into the Museum of Tunis City
Bouhamed, R. (2023) · IMEKO TC4 International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (MetroArchaeo) · doi:10.21014/tc4-arc-2023.109 · Cited by 1
Research on User Satisfaction in Kayseri Province Primary Health Care Buildings
Baydoğan, M. Ç., & Dursun, S. (2024) · Kent Akademisi · doi:10.35674/kent.1312662 · Cited by 1
Çanakçıoğlu, N. G., & Ünlü, A. (2024) · Open House International · doi:10.1108/ohi-12-2023-0285 · Cited by 4
Track layout design using modified genetic algorithm
Avdagić, Z., Smajevic, A., & Bošković, D. (2008) · IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) · doi:10.1109/isie.2008.4676977 · Cited by 1
The role of visual clues and pathway configuration in legibility of cities.
Shokouhi, M. (2003) · Cited by 1
Evaluating Workplace Constructs Using Computerized Techniques of Space Syntax
Nubani, L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56862-1_11 · Cited by 1
Aksaray Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin Aksaray kent merkezindeki yeme-içme mekânları algısı
Uzun, F. V. (2018) · Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.1501/cogbil_0000000194 · Cited by 3
Malazi, F. T., Malakavarzamani, A., & Sabernejad, J. (2020) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 1
Accessibilty of public urban green spaces within the spatial metropolitan network of Doha, Qatar
Tannous, H. O., Major, M. D., Design, Q. A. P. O. A. A. U., Furlan, R., & Design, Q. A. P. O. A. A. U. (2020) · ISOCARP World Planning Congress · doi:10.47472/kuxq1422 · Cited by 1
COĞRAFYA ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MEKÂNSAL KAVRAMLARA İLİŞKİN BİLİŞSEL YAPILARININ İNCELENMESİ
Şanlı, C. (2021) · Tarih okulu · doi:10.29228/joh.49537 · Cited by 1
The Assessment of Long-Term Care Environments for Wayfinding Design
Davis, R., Calkins, M. P., & Cai, H. (2023) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/19375867231180905 · Cited by 1
User interface design for virtual reality: a research tool for tracking navigation
Vila, J., Beccue, B., & Furness, G. (2002) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.1998.654806 · Cited by 1
An Heuristic Architectural Planning
Heath, T. (1992) · Architectural Science Review · doi:10.1080/00038628.1992.9697316 · Cited by 1
Influences on pedestrian bi-directional route within exhibition spaces
Haywood, J. C. (2014) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-3701 · Cited by 1
Memory of design features in built environments
Julian, K. (2010) · Cited by 1
Pattern of wayfinding and spatial cognition for effective spatial planning of theme park
Hashim, M. S. (2015) · Cited by 1
ASSESSMENT OF TACTILE DESIGNS IN SUPPORT OF WAYFINDING
Kumagai, J. K., & Hawes, V. L. (2005) · Cited by 1
The cognitive roots of space syntax
Vega, R. (2009) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1
Algunos factores fisicos y psicologicos relacionados con la habitabilldad interna de la vivienda.
Landázuri, A. M. (2004) · Medio ambiente y comportamiento humano: Revista Internacional de Psicología Ambiental
Towards a Computational Spatial Knowledge Acquisition Model in Architectural Space
Lyu, J., de Vries, B., & Sun, C. (2013) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38974-0_24
Acil durumlarda hastane sirkülasyon sistemlerinin performansı için bir model
Ünlü, A., Edgü, E., Ülken, G., & Apak, S. (2009)
Lwin, K. K., & Murayama, Y. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54000-7_16
Obstacles Incentivize Human Learning: A Network Theoretic Study
Ramesh, A., Ramesh, S. V., Iyengar, S. R. S., Sekhar, V., & Rangan, C. P. (2012) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) · doi:10.1109/asonam.2012.223
Urban Crime in the City of New Haven: Residential Burglaries
Matijošaitienė, I. (2014) · Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering · doi:10.5755/j01.sace.9.4.7225
Relevant Measures from Environmental Models
Dara-Abrams, D. (2009)
Piccardi, L., Pizzamiglio, M. R., Bianchini, F., Palermo, L., Risetti, M., Zompanti, L., Guariglia, C., & D’Amico, S. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-1750-4_3
Interface of Indoor and Outdoor Spaces in Buildings A Syntactic Comparison of Architectural Schools
Ünlü, A., Edgü, E., Cimsit, F., Şalgamcıoğlu, M. E., & Garip, E. (2009)
Optimization of User Accessibility Using Genetic Algoritm: aDA
Özer, D. G., & Şener, S. M. (2012)
Barkowsky, T., Bilda, Z., & Hölscher, C. (2007)
Wayfinding and environmental cognition in the designed environment
Haq, S., & Girotto, S. (2003)
Representing Large Scale Space - A Computational Theory of Cognitive Maps
Jefferies, M. E., & Yeap, W. K. (1996)
Andrade, E., Orellana, N. D. V., Mesa, J., & Felmer, P. (2015) · Congresso da Sociedade Ibero-americana de Gráfica Digital (SIGraDi) · doi:10.5151/despro-sigradi2015-90347
Applying Cognitive Psychology to Research the Identity-Oriented System of General Hospitals
Li, Y. (2013) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40078-0_30
Spatial representation and learning in real and virtual environments
Luo, Z. (2008) · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · doi:10.32657/10356/13389
Barton, K. R. (2015) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
Field testing of SOSHeart: a mobile app to call for help in emergency
Ponraj, D., & Luo, Z. (2013) · International Convention on Rehabilitation Engineering & Assistive Technology
Navigating in a Three-Dimensional World
Jeffery, K. J. (2011) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9187.003.0006 · Cited by 6
Contemplating space syntax and leadership in daycare settings
Dimkar, A. (2016) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä)
Wong, K., & Ellul, C. (2016) · Lecture notes in geoinformation and cartography · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25691-7_23
SmartRNA: A Road Network Analysis Simulator
Malik, A. S., Tawfik, H. M., & Adeel, M. (2005) · Student Conference on Engineering Sciences and Technology (SCONEST) · doi:10.1109/sconest.2005.4382899
The Influence of Global and Local Spatial Configuration on Wayfinding
Barton, K. R. (2009) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
Meziani, R., & Pai, J. T. (2017) · International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development · doi:10.14246/irspsd.5.3_1
Thienmongko, R. (2018) · Journal of Communications · doi:10.12720/jcm.13.1.15-20
von Stülpnagel, R., Langenfeld, V., & Hölscher, C. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96385-3_11
ودح, ه., نتيفة, ر., & جندي, م. خ. (2018) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Cock, L. D., Ooms, K., de Weghe, N. V., & Maeyer, P. D. (2020) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50726-8_54
Wayfinding and signage for mobility hubs: a case study at Utrecht Central Station.
Petit, E. C. (2019) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Spatial Navigational Patterns Induced by Real and Virtual Architectural Environments
Pechlivanidou-Liakata, A., Kerkidou, M., Zerefos, S. C., Stamenic, M., Mikrou, T., & Doulgerakis, A. (2010) · eCAADe proceedings · doi:10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.755
Addressing the New Pragmatic Methods in Urban Design Discipline
Abusaada, H., & Elshater, A. M. (2020) · Advances in information quality and management · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch083
Learning in healthcare space: Case studies in outpatient diabetes care centers
Althaqib, T. (2021) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)
Kesselheim, W. (2021) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110572933-008
진, 유. 성. (2000) · Journal of Global Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1080/12297119.2000.9707468
Mrak, G. (2021) · Igra ustvarjalnosti - Creativity Game · doi:10.15292/iu-cg.2021.09
ORIENTAÇÃO ESPACIAL E LEGIBILIDADE EM ESPAÇOS ABERTOS E EDIFICAÇÕES COMPLEXAS
de Lima, M. A., Antocheviz, F. B., Reis, A. T. D. L., & Gregoletto, D. (2022) · Revista Projetar - Projeto e Percepção do Ambiente · doi:10.21680/2448-296x.2022v7n3id29030
STUDI PENERAPAN WAYFINDING PADA ARSITEKTUR
Azis, F. A., Dewiyanti, D., & Imaniar, L. N. (2021) · DESA - DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE JOURNAL · doi:10.34010/desa.v2i2.10234
Bayram, Ç., & Ünlü, A. (2023) · ITU Press Press of the Istanbul Technical University · doi:10.58278/0.2023.19
The spatial configuration of local climate zones reveals effects on wayfinding in human walking
Fan, P. Y., Chun, K. P., Tan, M. L., Mah, D. N., Mijić, A., Strickert, G., & Yetemen, Ö. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0289780
Morphological Analysis of the Kheireddine Palace converted into the Museum of Tunis City
Bouhamed, R. (2023) · IMEKO TC4 International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (MetroArchaeo) · doi:10.21014/10.21014/tc4-arc-2023.109
Individual differences in the integration of vertical spaces
Cherep, L. A. (2021) · doi:10.31274/td-20240329-424
Heidari, A. A., Peyvastehgar, Y., & Kiaee, M. (2024) · مجله پژوهش های معماری اسلامی · doi:10.61186/jria.12.1.1
Experimental Study on Verbal Indoor Wayfinding Support
Amoozandeh, K., Winter, S., & Tomko, M. (2024) · ISPRS annals of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences · doi:10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w5-2024-17-2024
Effectiveness of Spatial Connectivity in Public Library
Kustiani, K. , Khidmat, R. P., Shakina, Q. Y., & Rahmatika, M. (2024) · JURNAL ARSITEKTUR · doi:10.36448/ja.v14i2.3560
López, C., Díaz, J. L. P., & Aréyzaga, E. M. (2025) · Salduie · doi:10.26754/ojs_salduie/sald.2025111670
Amer, M., Mashaly, I. A., & Sherif, A. (2025) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113342
Firsandy, B. A., Wulandari, L. D., & Ramdlani, S. (2025) · PLANNING MALAYSIA · doi:10.21837/pm.v23i36.1745
Qiao, X., Tian, S., Tang, M., He, S., Wang, J., Fan, L., Zhu, Y., Zhang, Z., Du, S. X., Dong, C., et al. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.83128
Space Syntax: Mathematics and the Social Logic of Architecture
Dawes, M. J., & Ostwald, M. J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70658-0_6-3
Evidence‐Based Design: History, Issues, and Opportunities
Zimring, C., Lim, L., & Stroebel, R. J. (2026) · doi:10.1002/9781119868019.ch1.3
Self-citationL’influence des caractéristiques du menu des sites web marchand sur les réactions de l’internaute
Sender, T. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8fa58352zfbbcz4a39zb697z19e6f5d57d8b
A Conceptual Framework for Comprehending the Spatial and Communication Layers in R & D Laboratories
Sang, Y. U. (2005) · Architectural research · doi:10.1007/bf03656236
Trimeche, H. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-19495-4_21
Yang, R., Zou, M., Su, S., & Sun, C. (2026) · Advanced Engineering Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.aei.2026.104833
Şuta, O., & Zencirkıran, A. (2026) · Architectural Science Review · doi:10.1080/00038628.2026.2672926
Spatial Configuration and Emergency Department Performance: A Review of Space Syntax Applications
Aldagany, M., Jabi, W., & Latif, E. (2026) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings16132491
From Analysis to Design: The Role of Space Syntax and AI in Healthcare Architecture
Trimeche, H. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Healthcare Systems (ICAHS) · doi:10.1109/icahs66950.2025.11552974
Adult age-group differences in domain-specific environmental appraisal under standardized exposure
LingyuKong, & Seong, D. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1838100
Metadata
- Authors
- Peponis, J., Zimring, C., & Choi, Y. K.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Environment and Behavior
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1990-09
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 555-590
- ISSN
- 0013-9165 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-390X
- OpenAlex
- W2027963659
- Cited by
- 404
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 6.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environment and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics
- Keywords
- wayfinding, spatial learning, building layout, search patterns, cardiovascular system, navigation rules, spatial integration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review