The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Conceptual and methodological considerations in the study of trust and suspicion
Abstract
Trust and suspicion appear to underlie many social interactions. Thus it is not surprising that they occupy an important role in various efforts to account for the stability or instability of a wide variety of human relationships. One of the earliest systematic formulations of these concepts appeared in this journal over a decade ago (cf. Deutsch, 1958). Yet little progress has been made since then toward a more satisfactory conceptualization of trust and suspicion. This paper is devoted to the examination of both the theoretical and the methodological considerations relevant to the empirical study of trust and suspicion.
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“It is supposed that the disposition to trust is not based on previous experience or hence on personal traits (Rotter, 1967; Kee and Knox, 1970).”
From How Culture and Trustworthiness Interact in Different E-Commerce Contexts: A Comparative Analysis of Consumers' Intention to Purchase on Platforms of Different Origins (2021) · cites this paper as Kee and Knox, 1970
In the citing paper
“The first of these models on trust (Kee & Knox, 1970;R. C. Mayer et al., 1995b;Dietz & Hartog, 2006) stem from social sciences, including organisational science and psychology, and are concerned with interpersonal trust.”
From Trust, distrust, and appropriate reliance in (X)AI: A conceptual clarification of user trust and survey of its empirical evaluation (2025) · cites this paper as Kee & Knox, 1970
Citations
Cites
Deutsch, M. (1958) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/002200275800200401 · Cited by 2,077
Rapoport, A. (1965) · Cited by 946
The Effect of Motivational Orientation upon Trust and Suspicion
Deutsch, M. (1960) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872676001300202 · Cited by 808
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Deutsch, M. (1960) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0046501 · Cited by 267
Solomon, L. F. (1960) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047571 · Cited by 241
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Some descriptive aspects of two-person non-zero-sum games
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Utility theory and additivity analysis of risky choices.
Tversky, A. (1967) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024915 · Cited by 144
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- Douglas, R.D., 1967, The use of shock as payoffs in the Prisoner's Dilemma
- Garfinkel, H., 1963, A conception of, and experiments with "trust" as a condition of stable concerted actions
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- D.M. Messick., 1967, The development of cooperative and competitive motives in children
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Cited by
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McAlinden, A., Keenan, M., & Gallen, J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191967399.005.0001
Victim/Survivors of Non-Recent Institutional Abuses
McAlinden, A., Keenan, M., & Gallen, J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191967399.003.0004
A Study of Effective Leadership in the Chinese Context
Lau, W. K. (2012) · doi:10.12794/metadc149628
An Exploratory Analysis of Faculty Trust in Higher Education
Shoho, A. R., & Smith, P. A. (2004) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-60752-498-420251011
Combating the dark side: managing performance reinvigoration of long-term relationships
Jüliger, M. (2013) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20131011mj
Trouble with Trust – Can Trust be a Problem in the Auditing Context?
Wallace, T. (2012) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)
Les associations du support à la firme : applications au secteur de l'hôtellerie-restauration
Lefevre, J.-C. (2013) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a1b951b8z7392z434bzac26ze6c8c7506834
Suspicion and CommunicationPreprint
Bruttel, L. V., Fromme, F., & Petrishcheva, V. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6399458
Correa, J. D. P. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/bea4481azdf63z4664z8ab4z09686d069ba6
L'éthique dans les systèmes d'évaluation du personnel : cas des grandes entreprises algériennes.
Kheidous, N. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/fa00628ez2767z45dbz8834z23dc03b252fc
La vulnérabilité des internautes suite au partage de données personnelles en ligne
Khrifech, S. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/525f51cdzcd09z4f43z8cbdz92328410ac30
Xu, N., Jheng, Y. R., Hsu, P.-Y., Ko, Y.-H., & Hsieh, Y.-H. (2026) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440261418746 · Cited by 1
“…Butler (1991) Availability, competence, consistency, discretion, fairness, integrity, loyalty, openness, promise, fulfillment, receptivity Kee and Knox (1970) Competence, motives Lieberman (1981) Competence, integrity Mishra (1996) Competence, openness, caring, reliability manifests in…”
Bruttel, L. V., Fromme, F., & Petrishcheva, V. (2026) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107629
Machine Learning Measure-Supported Empirical Studies: A Survey
Hu, W., Huang, W., Liu, Y., Song, B., Xuan, M., Zhou, S., & Li, X. (2026) · INFORMS journal on computing · doi:10.1287/ijoc.2024.0918
Laney, D., & George, R. K. (1975)
Metadata
- Authors
- Kee, H. W., & Knox, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Conflict Resolution
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1970-09
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 357-366
- ISSN
- 0022-0027 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8766
- OpenAlex
- W2017948180
- Cited by
- 523
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 4.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Conflict Resolution (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- trust, suspicion, interpersonal relationships, relationship stability, conceptualization of trust, trust measurement, social interaction
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