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Cited by 353

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Variation of Individualism and Collectivism within and between 20 Countries: A Typological Analysis

Green, Eva G. T., Deschamps, Jean-Claude, Páez, Dario·2005·Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
DOI 10.1177/0022022104273654
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Abstract

With data from a 20-nation study (N = 2,533), the authors investigated how individual patterns of endorsement of individualist and collectivist attitudes are distributed within and across national contexts. A cluster analysis performed on individual scores of self-reliance (individualist dimension), group-oriented interdependence (collectivist dimension), and competitiveness (individualist or collectivist dimension) yielded a typology of four constrained combinations of these dimensions. Despite the prevalence of a typology group within a given country, variability was observed in all countries. Self-reliant non-competitors and interdependent non-competitors were prevalent among participants from Western nations, whereas self-reliant competitors and interdependent competitors were more common in non-Western countries. These findings emphasize the benefits for cross-cultural research of a typological approach based on combinations of individualist and collectivist dimensions.

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Cites

Show all 77 references

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Metadata

Authors
Green, E. G. T., Deschamps, J.-C., & Páez, D.
Venue
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2005-05
Volume
36
Issue
3
Pages
321-339
ISSN
  • 0022-0221 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-5422
DOI
10.1177/0022022104273654
OpenAlex
W2169056203
Cited by
353
References
77
FWCI
11.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Variation of Individualism and Collectivism within and between 20 Countries: A Typological Analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0022022104273654
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Green, E. G. T., Deschamps, J.-C., & Páez, D. (2005). Variation of Individualism and Collectivism within and between 20 Countries: A Typological Analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022104273654

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.