The Role of Exopolysaccharides in Oral Biofilms

Cugini, C.; Shanmugam, M.; Landge, N.; Ramasubbu, N.

doi:10.1177/0022034519845001

Cited by 124Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensingOral microbiology and periodontitis researchPolysaccharides Composition and Applications

The Role of Exopolysaccharides in Oral Biofilms

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Cugini, C., Shanmugam, M., Landge, N., Ramasubbu, N.·2019·Journal of Dental Research

DOI 10.1177/0022034519845001PMC PMC6589894

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Abstract

The oral cavity contains a rich consortium of exopolysaccharide-producing microbes. These extracellular polysaccharides comprise a major component of the oral biofilm. Together with extracellular proteins, DNA, and lipids, they form the biofilm matrix, which contributes to bacterial colonization, biofilm formation and maintenance, and pathogenesis. While a number of oral microbes have been studied in detail with regard to biofilm formation and pathogenesis, the exopolysaccharides have been well characterized for only select organisms, namely Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Studies on the exopolysaccharides of other oral organisms, however, are in their infancy. In this review, we present the current research on exopolysaccharides of oral microbes regarding their biosynthesis, regulation, contributions to biofilm formation and stability of the matrix, and immune evasion. In addition, insight into the role of exopolysaccharides in biofilms is highlighted through the evaluation of emerging techniques such as pH probing of biofilm colonies, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance for macromolecular interactions within biofilms, and super-resolution microscopy analysis of biofilm development. Finally, exopolysaccharide as a potential nutrient source for species within a biofilm is discussed.

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Exopolysaccharides create chemical and metabolic gradients within biofilms that affect chemical and nutrient cycling as well as diffusion, thus altering the microenvironment and pH within the biofilm consortium.
“Furthermore, exopolysaccharides create chemical and metabolic gradients within biofilms that affect chemical and nutrient cycling as well as diffusion, thus altering the microenvironment and pH within biofilms consortium.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [187]

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Authors: Cugini, C., Shanmugam, M., Landge, N., & Ramasubbu, N.
Affiliations: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
Corresponding author: Ramasubbu, N.
ORCID: Cugini, C.
Ramasubbu, N.
Venue: Journal of Dental Research
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2019-04-22
Volume: 98
Issue: 7
Pages: 739-745
ISSN: 0022-0345 (ISSN-L)
1544-0591
DOI: 10.1177/0022034519845001
PMC: PMC6589894
OpenAlex: W2941974751
Cited by: 124
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 0.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Dental Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R21DE027125, DE022544)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Keywords: exopolysaccharides, dental plaque, biofilm matrix, Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, gene expression regulation, bacterial colonization, pathogenesis, immune evasion, solid-state NMR, super-resolution microscopy
MeSH terms: Humans, Mouth, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Biofilms

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The Role of Exopolysaccharides in Oral Biofilms

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