Cited by 3,352Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchGenomics and Phylogenetic StudiesGut microbiota and health

The Human Oral Microbiome

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Dewhirst, Floyd E., Chen, Tuste, Izard, Jacques, Paster, Bruce J., Tanner, Anne C. R., Yu, Wen-Han, Lakshmanan, Abirami, Wade, William G.·2010·Journal of Bacteriology

Abstract

The human oral cavity contains a number of different habitats, including the teeth, gingival sulcus, tongue, cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tonsils, which are colonized by bacteria. The oral microbiome is comprised of over 600 prevalent taxa at the species level, with distinct subsets predominating at different habitats. The oral microbiome has been extensively characterized by cultivation and culture-independent molecular methods such as 16S rRNA cloning. Unfortunately, the vast majority of unnamed oral taxa are referenced by clone numbers or 16S rRNA GenBank accession numbers, often without taxonomic anchors. The first aim of this research was to collect 16S rRNA gene sequences into a curated phylogeny-based database, the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD), and make it web accessible ( www.homd.org ). The HOMD includes 619 taxa in 13 phyla, as follows: Actinobacteria , Bacteroidetes , Chlamydiae , Chloroflexi , Euryarchaeota , Firmicutes , Fusobacteria , Proteobacteria , Spirochaetes , SR1, Synergistetes , Tenericutes , and TM7. The second aim was to analyze 36,043 16S rRNA gene clones isolated from studies of the oral microbiota to determine the relative abundance of taxa and identify novel candidate taxa. The analysis identified 1,179 taxa, of which 24% were named, 8% were cultivated but unnamed, and 68% were uncultivated phylotypes. Upon validation, 434 novel, nonsingleton taxa will be added to the HOMD. The number of taxa needed to account for 90%, 95%, or 99% of the clones examined is 259, 413, and 875, respectively. The HOMD is the first curated description of a human-associated microbiome and provides tools for use in understanding the role of the microbiome in health and disease.

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  • It is estimated that about 50% of oral bacterial species are resistant to cultivation.

    “It is estimated that about 50% of oral bacterial species are resistant to cultivation (Dewhirst et al., 2010)”
  • Other core members with greater than 1% abundance across at least 80% of samples from one or more sites included Pasteurellaceae, Gemella, Veillonella, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Neisseria, Capnocytophaga, Corynebacterium, Actinomyces, Lactobacillales, and Lachnospiraceae.

    “Other core members with greater than 1% abundance across at least 80% of samples from 1 or more sites, included those from the family Pasteurellaceae, those from the genera Gemella, Veillonella, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Neisseria, Capnocytophaga, Corynebacterium, and Actinomyces, and those from the orders Lactobacillales and Lachnospiraceae.160”
  • The main genus among intraoral sites, at greater than 10% abundance and present in more than 75% of samples, was Streptococcus, specifically Streptococcus oralis, S mitis, and Streptococcus peroris.

    “Moreover, the Human Microbiome Project found that the main genus among intraoral sites, at greater than 10% abundance and present in more than 75% of samples, was Streptococcus, specifically Streptococcus oralis, S mitis, and Streptococcus peroris.”
  • The oral cavity houses the second largest microbiota in the human body and can include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea.

    “The oral cavity houses the second largest microbiota in the human body and can include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea (Dewhirst et al., 2010).”

    From Oral Microbiome and SARS-CoV-2: Beware of Lung Co-infection (2020) · cites this paper as Dewhirst et al., 2010

  • Most of the above mentioned microbiota can be found in the human oral cavity.

    “Most of above mentioned microbiota can be found in human oral cavity (Dewhirst et al., 2010)”

    From Oral Microbiome and SARS-CoV-2: Beware of Lung Co-infection (2020) · cites this paper as Dewhirst et al., 2010

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Authors
Dewhirst, F. E., Chen, T., Izard, J., Paster, B. J., Tanner, A. C. R., Yu, W.-H., Lakshmanan, A., & Wade, W. G.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • The Forsyth Institute (US)
  • King's College London (GB)
Venue
Journal of Bacteriology
Published
2010-10
Volume
192
Issue
19
Pages
5002-5017
ISSN
  • 0021-9193 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-5530
OpenAlex
W2121748291
Cited by
3,352
References
75
Citations by year
2026: 188 · 2025: 232 · 2024: 250 · 2023: 290 · 2022: 276 · 2021: 327 · 2020: 325 · 2019: 246 · 2018: 193 · 2017: 211 · 2016: 152 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 183 · 2013: 106 · 2012: 108
FWCI
111.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Bacteriology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE017106, DE-015847, U01DE016937, DE-016937, R01DE015847, R37DE016937, R21DE017106, R01DE016937)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords
oral microbiota, 16S rRNA gene sequences, bacterial diversity, bacterial phylogeny, novel bacterial taxa, bacterial abundance
MeSH terms
Bacteria, Chlamydia, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Mouth, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Spirochaetales, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Metagenome

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