Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 423

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Times They Are a Changin': Marital Status and Health Differentials from 1972 to 2003

Open access
Liu, Hui, Umberson, Debra J.·2008·Journal of Health and Social Behavior
DOI 10.1177/002214650804900301
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Although the meanings and rates of being married, divorced, separated, never-married, and widowed have changed significantly over the past several decades, we know very little about historical trends in the relationship between marital status and health. Our analysis of pooled data from the National Health Interview Survey from 1972 to 2003 shows that the self-rated health of the never-married has improved over the past three decades. Moreover, the gap between the married and the never married has steadily converged over time for men but not for women. In contrast, the self-rated health of the widowed, divorced, and separated worsened over time relative to the married, and the adverse effects of marital dissolution have increased more for women than for men. Our findings highlight the importance of social change in shaping the impact of marital status on self-reported health and challenge long-held assumptions about gender, marital status, and health.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/002214650804900301

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 34 references

Cited by

See all 423

Metadata

Authors
Liu, H., & Umberson, D. J.
Venue
Journal of Health and Social Behavior
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2008-09
Volume
49
Issue
3
Pages
239-253
ISSN
  • 0022-1465 (ISSN-L)
  • 2150-6000
DOI
10.1177/002214650804900301
OpenAlex
W2132336785
Cited by
423
References
34
FWCI
58.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Times They Are a Changin': Marital Status and Health Differentials from 1972 to 2003. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/002214650804900301
The paper
Liu, H., & Umberson, D. J. (2008). The Times They Are a Changin': Marital Status and Health Differentials from 1972 to 2003. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650804900301

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.