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Cited by 2,185Family Dynamics and RelationshipsAttachment and Relationship DynamicsIntergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies

Socioeconomic status, family processes, and individual development

Open access
Conger, Rand D., Conger, Katherine J., Martin, Monica J.·2010·Journal of Marriage and Family
DOI 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00725.xPMC PMC2910915
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Abstract

Research during the past decade shows that social class or socioeconomic status (SES) is related to satisfaction and stability in romantic unions, the quality of parent‐child relationships, and a range of developmental outcomes for adults and children. This review focuses on evidence regarding potential mechanisms proposed to account for these associations. Research findings reported during the past decade demonstrate support for an interactionist model of the relationship between SES and family life, which incorporates assumptions from both the social causation and social selection perspectives. This review concludes with recommendations for future research on SES, family processes, and individual development in terms of important theoretical and methodological issues yet to be addressed.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00725.x

Cites

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  • Children growing up in lower SES families have less access to parental material resources such as income, safe neighborhoods, a stimulating home environment, and academic enhancing resources.

    “Children growing up in lower SES families have less access to parental material resources, such as income, safe neighborhoods, a stimulating home environment, and academic enhancing resources such as internet and computer facilities (Conger et al., 2010; Gershoff et al., 2007; Kaushal et al., 2011; Kalil and Ryan, 2020).”

    From Towards a better understanding of inequity and the psychological processes underlying the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic status (2024) · cites this paper as Conger et al., 2010

    The Investment Model section (page not provided) says families with greater economic resources can invest more in children’s learning and live in more economically advantaged neighborhoods. It supports the broad SES-and-resources claim, but does not specifically establish neighborhood safety or access to internet and computer facilities. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Material resources such as quality education, safe housing, and economic support directly shape a child's opportunities and life outcomes, contributing significantly to upward social mobility.

    “Material resources, such as quality education, safe housing, and economic support, directly shape a child’s opportunities and life outcomes, contributing significantly to upward social mobility (Conger et al., 2010; Gershoff et al., 2007; Kaushal et al., 2011; Kalil and Ryan, 2020).”

    From Towards a better understanding of inequity and the psychological processes underlying the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic status (2024) · cites this paper as Conger et al., 2010

    The Investment Model section (page unavailable) describes how family economic resources support children’s learning, housing, and development, and reports an association between childhood family income and adult academic, financial, and occupational success. It does not specifically establish that housing is safe or that these resources contribute significantly to upward social mobility; the reported adult outcomes do not by themselves show upward movement relative to parents. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The Interactionist Model highlights reciprocal influences and transactional processes between SES, family interactions, and individual development.

    “This model highlights reciprocal influences and transactional processes between SES, family interactions, and individual development (Conger and Donnellan, 2007; Conger et al., 2010), accumulating personal, economic, and social disadvantages or advantages across time and generations.”

    From Towards a better understanding of inequity and the psychological processes underlying the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic status (2024) · cites this paper as Conger et al., 2010

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Berkman LF Kawachi I 2000 Social epidemiology New York Oxford University Press

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Authors
Conger, R. D., Conger, K. J., & Martin, M. J.
Affiliations
University of California, Davis (US)
Corresponding author
Conger, Rand D.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Marriage and Family
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2010-06
Volume
72
Issue
3
Pages
685-704
ISSN
  • 0022-2445 (ISSN-L)
  • 1741-3737
DOI
10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00725.x
PMC
PMC2910915
OpenAlex
W1988075665
Cited by
2,185
References
102
Citations by year
2026: 186 · 2025: 250 · 2024: 214 · 2023: 165 · 2022: 204 · 2021: 192 · 2020: 172 · 2019: 152 · 2018: 142 · 2017: 127 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 80 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 47
FWCI
107.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 17 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Marriage and the Family (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH043270, R01MH051361)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD047573, R01HD051746)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
Keywords
socioeconomic status, family processes, human development, social class, romantic relationships, parent-child relationship, social causation, social selection, interactionist model, family stability, child development

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