The DOI matches its Crossref record; 204 of the 204 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Building on the Foundation of General Strain Theory: Specifying the Types of Strain Most Likely to Lead to Crime and Delinquency
Abstract
General strain theory (GST) is usually tested by examining the effect of strain on crime. Researchers, however, have little guidance when it comes to selecting among the many hundreds of types of strain and have trouble explaining why only some of them are related to crime. This article builds on GST by describing the characteristics of strainful events and conditions that influence their relationship to crime. Strains are said to be most likely to result in crime when they (1) are seen as unjust, (2) are seen as high in magnitude, (3) are associated with low social control, and (4) create some pressure or incentive to engage in criminal coping. Drawing on these characteristics, it is predicted that some types of strain will not be related to crime, including types that have dominated the research on strain theory, and that others will be related to crime, including types that have been neglected by empirical researchers.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Logic of Collective Action.
Golembiewski, R. T., & Olson, M. (1966) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091298 · Cited by 11,364
Social Theory and Social Structure
Ross, E. J., & Merton, R. K. (1958) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3709394 · Cited by 10,315
(1973) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 10,144
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9781503621794 · Cited by 10,127
Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy
Moffitt, T. E. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.4.674 · Cited by 9,987
Hapeman, D. E. (1991) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1991.10484817 · Cited by 9,373
The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice
Lind, E. A., & Tyler, T. R. (1988) · Critical Issues in Social Justice · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2115-4 · Cited by 6,585
Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency
Sykes, G. M., & Matza, D. (1957) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089195 · Cited by 5,845
Coleman, J. L., & Dworkin, R. M. (1978) · California Law Review · doi:10.2307/3479972 · Cited by 5,460
Gibbons, D. C., & Hirschi, T. (1970) · The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science · doi:10.2307/1142213 · Cited by 5,215
Cited by
STRAIN, PERSONALITY TRAITS, AND DELINQUENCY: EXTENDING GENERAL STRAIN THEORY
AGNEW, R., BREZINA, T., WRIGHT, J. P., & CULLEN, F. T. (2002) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00949.x · Cited by 666
Self-citationOffline Consequences of Online Victimization: School Violence and Delinquency
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2007) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1300/j202v06n03_06 · Cited by 619
Agnew, R. (2002) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418820200095371 · Cited by 398
Self-citationPersonal relative deprivation, delay discounting, and gambling.
Callan, M. J., Shead, N. W., & Olson, J. M. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024778 · Cited by 364
Gender and general strain theory: A preliminary test of Broidy and Agnew's gender/GST hypotheses
Piquero, N. L., & Sealock, M. D. (2004) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418820400095761 · Cited by 301
Metadata
- Authors
- AGNEW, R.
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 319-361
- ISSN
- 0022-4278 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-731X
- OpenAlex
- W2141206318
- Cited by
- 1,603
- References
- 204
- FWCI
- 43.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Building on the Foundation of General Strain Theory: Specifying the Types of Strain Most Likely to Lead to Crime and Delinquency. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0022427801038004001
- The paper
- AGNEW, R. (2001). Building on the Foundation of General Strain Theory: Specifying the Types of Strain Most Likely to Lead to Crime and Delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427801038004001
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.