The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Business Power and Social Policy: Employers and the Formation of the American Welfare State
Abstract
A number of scholars have highlighted the role of employers in shaping the development of the welfare state. Yet the results of this research have often been ambiguous or disputed because of insufficient attention to theoretical, conceptual, and methodological problems in the study of political influence. This article considers three of these problems in turn: the failure to distinguish and investigate multiple mechanisms of exercising influence, the misspecification of preferences, and the inference of influence from ex post correlation between actor preferences and outcomes. We demonstrate the importance of each through a reexamination of the early development of the American welfare state. The striking feature we suggest is neither business dominance nor weakness but marked variation in influence over time and across institutional settings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research
King, G., Keohane, R. O., & Verba, S. (1994) · Princeton University Press · doi:10.1515/9781400821211 · Cited by 7,225
Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States.
Kessler-Harris, A., & Skocpol, T. (1993) · The Journal of American History · doi:10.2307/2080420 · Cited by 1,954
Political Power and Social Classes.
Lewis, L. S., & Poulantzas, N. (1976) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2064120 · Cited by 1,476
Power and Poverty: Theory and Practice.
Keiser, R. L., Bachrach, P., & Baratz, M. S. (1972) · Man · doi:10.2307/2800984 · Cited by 1,217
Politics, Economics, and Welfare
Dahl, R. A., & Lindblom, C. E. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781351308168 · Cited by 705
The divided welfare state: the battle over public and private social benefits in the United States
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-4730 · Cited by 630
System Effects: Complexity in Political and Social Life
Vaughan, D., & Jervis, R. (2000) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2654457 · Cited by 515
European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration
Hoffmann, S. H., Leibfried, S., & Pierson, P. (1996) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20047530 · Cited by 408
Self-citationThe Bias of American Federalism: The Limits of Welfare-State Development in the Progressive Era
Robertson, D. (1989) · Journal of Policy History · doi:10.1017/s0898030600003523 · Cited by 28
Mirror Images: Political Structure and Early Railroad Policy in the United States and Prussia
Dunlavy, C. A. (1991) · Studies in American Political Development · doi:10.1017/s0898588x00000158 · Cited by 7
Cited by
Social Protection and the Formation of Skills: A Reinterpretation of the Welfare State
Estevez‐Abe, M., Iversen, T., & Soskice, D. (2001) · Varieties of Capitalism · doi:10.1093/0199247757.003.0004 · Cited by 1,568
KORPI, W., & PALME, J. (2003) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000789 · Cited by 1,121
Korpi, W. (2006) · World Politics · doi:10.1353/wp.2006.0026 · Cited by 757
Ideas, institutions, and policy change
Béland, D. (2009) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501760902983382 · Cited by 629
Capitalism, Democracy, and Welfare
Iversen, T. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511758645 · Cited by 620
Metadata
- Authors
- HACKER, J. S., & PIERSON, P.
- Venue
- Politics & Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 277-325
- ISSN
- 0032-3292 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7514
- OpenAlex
- W2015303421
- Cited by
- 548
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 70.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Business Power and Social Policy: Employers and the Formation of the American Welfare State. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0032329202030002004
- The paper
- HACKER, J. S., & PIERSON, P. (2002). Business Power and Social Policy: Employers and the Formation of the American Welfare State. Politics & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329202030002004
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.