Comparison of health and social characteristics of people leaving New York City jails by age, gender, and race/ethnicity: Implications for public health interventions
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: We compared health and social needs by gender, age, and race/ ethnicity of people leaving New York City jails and assessed the implication of these differences for the development of jail reentry programs. METHODS: Surveys were completed with 1,946 individuals (536 men, 704 women, and 706 adolescent males) between 1997 and 2004. Structured questionnaires captured data on demographic, criminal justice, substance use, and health characteristics. Bivariate comparisons were performed to determine variations between men and women, men and male adolescents, and non-Latino black and Hispanic/Latino respondents. RESULTS: The majority of participants were black and Hispanic/Latino, reported high levels of substance use, had high rates of recidivism, and experienced difficult living circumstances. Compared with men, women were more likely to be homeless, use illicit drugs, report drug charges at index arrest, have health problems, and be parents. Adolescent males were more likely than men to rely on illegal activities for income and to have used marijuana and alcohol recently, and were less likely to report homelessness or health problems. Ethnic/racial differences between black and Hispanic/Latino respondents within gender and age groups were smaller than differences among these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Jails concentrate individuals with multifaceted health and social problems, providing opportunities to engage at-risk populations in comprehensive reentry programs. Gender, age, and ethnic/racial differences among incarcerated populations require that interventions be tailored to the specific needs of these different groups.
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Previous research on people leaving jail found differences between ethnic groups concerning patterns of drug use, health problems, and priority needs, suggesting that different intervention priorities may be necessary for different ethnic groups.
“previous research on people leaving jail found differences between ethnic groups concerning patterns of drug use, health problems, and priority needs, suggesting that different intervention priorities may be necessary for different ethnic groups (Freudenberg, Moseley, Labriola, Daniels, & Murrill, 2007).”
From Reentry Programs for Adult Male Offender Recidivism and Reintegration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2018) · cites this paper as Freudenberg, Moseley, Labriola, Daniels, & Murrill, 2007
Between adolescence and the early adult years, both HIV/STI risk and drug use increase significantly among the incarcerated.
“Between adolescence and the early adult years, both HIV/STI risk and drug use increase significantly among the incarcerated [1, 11]”
From Reducing drug use, human immunodeficiency virus risk, and recidivism among young men leaving jail: Evaluation of the REAL MEN re-entry program (2010) · cites this paper as [1]
Many adolescents are incarcerated on drug use or sales charges.
“Many adolescents are incarcerated on drug use or sales charges [1,2]”
From Reducing drug use, human immunodeficiency virus risk, and recidivism among young men leaving jail: Evaluation of the REAL MEN re-entry program (2010) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Freudenberg, N., Moseley, J., Labriola, M., Daniels, J., & Murrill, C.
- Affiliations
- Hunter College (US)
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (US)
- Corresponding author
- Freudenberg, Nicholas
- Venue
- Public Health Reports®
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 733-743
- ISSN
- 0033-3549 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2877
- PMC
- PMC1997241
- OpenAlex
- W2171666594
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 16 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 11.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Public Health Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Keywords
- prison population, health needs, social needs, gender differences, age differences, racial and ethnic disparities, substance use, recidivism, homelessness, adolescent boys, women prisoners, public health interventions, New York City jails
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Ethnicity, Female, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Male, New York City, Prisoners, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sexual Behavior, Sex Factors, Social Support, Sociology, Public Health Practice, Substance-Related Disorders
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