Cited by 264Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchCOVID-19 and Mental HealthMental Health Treatment and Access

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Vicarious Racism and Vigilance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Implications Among Asian and Black Americans

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Chae, David H., Yip, Tiffany, Martz, Connor D., Chung, Kara, Richeson, Jennifer A., Hajat, Anjum, Curtis, David S., Rogers, Leoandra Onnie, LaVeist, Thomas A.·2021·Public Health Reports®

DOI 10.1177/00333549211018675PMC PMC8203039

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Abstract

Objectives: Experiences of vicarious racism—hearing about racism directed toward one’s racial group or racist acts committed against other racial group members—and vigilance about racial discrimination have been salient during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined vicarious racism and vigilance in relation to symptoms of depression and anxiety among Asian and Black Americans. Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional study of 604 Asian American and 844 Black American adults aged ≥18 in the United States recruited from 5 US cities from May 21 through July 15, 2020. Multivariable linear regression models examined levels of depression and anxiety by self-reported vicarious racism and vigilance. Results: Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, among both Asian and Black Americans, greater self-reported vicarious racism was associated with more symptoms of depression (Asian: β = 1.92 [95% CI, 0.97-2.87]; Black: β = 1.72 [95% CI, 0.95-2.49]) and anxiety (Asian: β = 2.40 [95% CI, 1.48-3.32]; Black: β = 1.98 [95% CI, 1.17-2.78]). Vigilance was also positively related to symptoms of depression (Asian: β = 1.54 [95% CI, 0.58-2.50]; Black: β = 0.90 [95% CI, 0.12-1.67]) and anxiety (Asian: β = 1.98 [95% CI, 1.05-2.91]; Black: β = 1.64 [95% CI, 0.82-2.45]). Conclusions: Mental health problems are a pressing concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from our study suggest that heightened racist sentiment, harassment, and violence against Asian and Black Americans contribute to increased risk of depression and anxiety via vicarious racism and vigilance. Public health efforts during this period should address endemic racism as well as COVID-19.

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Authors: Chae, D. H., Yip, T., Martz, C. D., Chung, K., Richeson, J. A., Hajat, A., Curtis, D. S., Rogers, L. O., & LaVeist, T. A.
Affiliations: Tulane University (US)
Fordham University (US)
Auburn University (US)
Yale University (US)
University of Washington (US)
University of Utah (US)
Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author: Chae, David H.
ORCID: Chae, David H.
Yip, Tiffany
Martz, Connor D.
Chung, Kara
Richeson, Jennifer A.
Hajat, Anjum
Curtis, David S.
Rogers, Leoandra Onnie
Venue: Public Health Reports®
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2021-05-25
Volume: 136
Issue: 4
Pages: 508-517
ISSN: 0033-3549 (ISSN-L)
1468-2877
DOI: 10.1177/00333549211018675
PMC: PMC8203039
OpenAlex: W3165357914
Cited by: 264
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 11
FWCI: 64.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Public Health Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES007033)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: vicarious racism, sustained attention, COVID-19 pandemic, depression, anxiety, Asian Americans, African Americans, racial discrimination, racism, mental health
MeSH terms: COVID-19, Adult, Anxiety, Asian, Black or African American, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, United States, Linear Models, Racism

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Vicarious Racism and Vigilance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Implications Among Asian and Black Americans

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