Using Analysis of Gini (ANOGI) for Detecting Whether Two Subsamples Represent the Same Universe: The German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) Experience
Open accessAbstract
A wildly discussed shortcoming of panel surveys is a potential bias arising from selective attrition. Based on data of the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), the authors analyze potential artifacts (level, structure, income inequality) by comparing results for two independently drawn panel subsamples started in 1984 and 2000. They apply ANOGI (analysis of Gini) techniques, the equivalent of ANOVA performed with the Gini coefficient. They rearrange, reinterpret, and use the decomposition in the comparison of subpopulations from which the different samples were drawn. Taking into account indicators for income, significant differences between these two samples with respect to income inequality are found in the first year, which start to fade away in Wave 2 and disappear in Wave 3. The authors find credible indication for these differences to be driven by changes in response behavior of short-term panel members rather than by attrition among members of the longer running sample.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Respondents in the German Socio-Economic Panel have a tendency to move away from the endpoints of response scales over time.
“Frick et al. (2006) show that respondents in the German Socio-Economic Panel have a tendency to move away from the endpoints of response scales over time.”
From Measuring Subjective Wellbeing: Recommendations on Measures for use by National Governments (2012) · cites this paper as Frick et al. (2006)
The Results (pp. 25, 30) say that SOEP respondents were more likely to choose the highest life-satisfaction categories in early waves, and the authors report a narrowing difference over time. That supports movement away from the high end of one satisfaction scale, but not a general tendency to move away from both endpoints of response scales. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Statistical Analysis With Missing Data
Lahiff, M., Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289883 · Cited by 17,384 · see citing works
Statistical Analysis with Missing Data
Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (2002) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9781119013563 · Cited by 8,473 · see citing works
Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
Schafer, J. L. (1997) · doi:10.1201/9781439821862 · Cited by 6,012 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For a detailed description of missing data within surveys, see, for example, Little and Rubin (2002) or Schafer (1997).”
Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
Booth, D. E., & Schafer, J. L. (2000) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1271466 · Cited by 5,627 · see citing works
Shao, J., & Tu, D. (1995) · Springer Series in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0795-5 · Cited by 1,985 · see citing works
A Class of Statistics with Asymptotically Normal Distribution
Hoeffding, W. (1948) · The Annals of Mathematical Statistics · doi:10.1214/aoms/1177730196 · Cited by 1,944 · see citing works
Relative Deprivation and Social Justice
Runciman, W. G. (2026) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781042033027 · Cited by 1,823 · see citing works
Inequality Decomposition by Population Subgroups
Shorrocks, A. F. (1984) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913511 · Cited by 943 · see citing works
Introduction to the theory of nonparametric statistics
Randles, R. H., & Wolfe, D. A. (1979) · Krieger eBooks · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Introduction to the Theory of Nonparametric Statistics.
Haigh, J., Randles, R. H., & Wolfe, D. A. (1980) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2982149 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
On the Interpretation and Disaggregation of Gini Coefficients
Pyatt, G. (1976) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2230745 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
A Decomposition Analysis of the Trend in UK Income Inequality
Dilip Mookherjee, B., & Shorrocks, A. F. (1982) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2232673 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
A note on the calculation and interpretation of the Gini index
Lerman, R. I., & Yitzhaki, S. (1984) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/0165-1765(84)90126-5 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Self-citationFactor Components, Population Subgroups and the Computation of the Gini Index of Inequality
Silber, J. (1989) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/1928057 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
The English language public use file of the German Socio-Economic Panel
Burkhauser, R. V., & Wagner, G. G. (1993) · The Journal of Human Resources · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Self-citationArvesen, J. N. (1969) · The Annals of Mathematical Statistics · doi:10.1214/aoms/1177697287 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
INCOME STRATIFICATION AND INCOME INEQUALITY
Yitzhaki, S., & Lerman, R. I. (1991) · Review of Income and Wealth · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00374.x · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving the accuracy of estimates of Gini coefficients
Lerman, R. I., & Yitzhaki, S. (1989) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/0304-4076(89)90074-2 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationEconomic distance and overlapping of distributions
Yitzhaki, S. (1994) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/0304-4076(94)90081-7 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationA Measure Of Association Based On Gin's Mean Difference
Schechtman, E., & Yitzhaki, S. (1987) · Communication in Statistics- Theory and Methods · doi:10.1080/03610928708829359 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citationInequality Measures between Income Distributions with Applications
Dagum, C. (1980) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1911936 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Relative deprivation and economic welfare
Yitzhaki, S. (1982) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/0014-2921(82)90045-9 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationFrick, J. R., & Grabka, M. M. (2005) · Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv · doi:10.1007/s101820500191 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the proper bounds of the Gini correlation
Schechtman, E., & Yitzhaki, S. (1999) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/s0165-1765(99)00033-6 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationComputer Assisted Survey Information Collection
Ziegel, E. R., Couper, M. P., Baker, R. P., Bethlehem, J. G., Clark, C. Z. F., Martin, J. K., Nicholls, W. L., & O'Reilly, J. M. (2000) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1271492 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Respondent Behavior in Panel Studies
Schräpler, J.-P. (2004) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124103262689 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Schupp, J., & Wagner, G. G. (2002) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the Distance between Income Distributions
Shorrocks, A. F. (1982) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1911879 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv
(2005) · Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences · doi:10.1002/0471667196.ess6058.pub2 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Curtis, R. F., & Lasswell, T. E. (1966) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2090947 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Jackknifing two-sample statistics
Schechtman, E., & Wang, S. (2003) · Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference · doi:10.1016/s0378-3758(02)00420-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationLandua, D. (1992) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00286560 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Grabka, M. M., & Frick, J. R. (2003) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationSchräpler, J.-P. (2002) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 21 · see citing works
From PAPI to CAPI: consequences for data quality on the British Household Panel StudyPreprint
Laurie, H. (2003) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Stratification: Measuring and Inference
Schechtman, E. (2005) · Communication in Statistics- Theory and Methods · doi:10.1080/sta-200066440 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationCombining an Ongoing Panel with a New Cross-Sectional SamplePreprint
Spieß, M., & Rendtel, U. (2000) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 40 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Little, Roderick J. A. and Hong-Lin Su. 1989. 'Item Non-Response in Panel Surveys.' Pp. 400-25 in Panel Surveys , edited by D. Kasprzyk, G. Duncan, G. Kalton, and M. P. Singh. New York: John Wiley.
- Rendtel, Ulrich, Gert G. Wagner, and Joachim R. Frick. 1995. 'Eine Strategie zur Kontrolle von L¨ angsschnittgewichtungen in Panelerhebungen-Das Beispiel des Soziooekonomischen Panels (SOEP).' Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv 79(3): 252-77.
- Spiess, Martin and Jan Goebel. 2004. 'A Comparison of Different Imputation Rules.' Pp. 293-316 in Harmonisation of Panel Surveys and Data Quality , edited by M. Ehling and U. Rendtel. Wiesbaden: Federal Statistical Office.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) - Scope, Evolution and Enhancements
Wagner, G., Frick, J., & Schupp, J. (2007) · Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch · doi:10.3790/schm.127.1.139 · Cited by 2,449 · see citing works
Self-citationThe German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) - Evolution, Scope and EnhancementsPreprint
Wagner, G. G., Frick, J. R., & Schupp, J. (2007) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1028709 · Cited by 941 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring Subjective Wellbeing: Recommendations on Measures for use by National Governments
DOLAN, P., & METCALFE, R. (2012) · Journal of Social Policy · doi:10.1017/s0047279411000833 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
The German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) - Scope, Evolution and Enhancements
Wagner, J. (2007) · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Global Inequality of Opportunity: How Much of Our Income Is Determined by Where We Live?
Milanović, B. (2014) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00432 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Wagner, G. G., Göbel, J., Krause, P., Pischner, R., & Sieber, I. (2008) · AStA Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv · doi:10.1007/s11943-008-0050-y · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Cross-National Equivalent File (CNEF) and its Member Country Household Panel Studies
Frick, J. R., Jenkins, S. P., Lillard, D. R., Lipps, O., & Wooden, M. (2007) · Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch · doi:10.3790/schm.127.4.627 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationIncome Satisfaction and Relative Deprivation: An Empirical Link
D’Ambrosio, C., & Frick, J. R. (2006) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-006-0020-0 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationEducational inequality in rural and urban India
Agrawal, T. L. (2013) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2013.05.002 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Panel Conditioning in Longitudinal Social Science Surveys
Warren, J. R., & Halpern-Manners, A. (2012) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124112460374 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Revisiting the evidence for cardinal treatment of ordinal variables
Schröder, C., & Yitzhaki, S. (2017) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2016.12.011 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationIndividual Wellbeing in a Dynamic Perspective
D’Ambrosio, C., & Frick, J. R. (2011) · Economica · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0335.2011.00896.x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationHandling Attrition in Longitudinal Studies: The Case for Refreshment Samples
Deng, Y., Hillygus, D. S., Reiter, J. P., Si, Y., & Zheng, S. (2013) · Statistical Science · doi:10.1214/13-sts414 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Stability and Change of Well Being: An Experimentally Enhanced Latent State-Trait-Error Analysis
Schimmack, U., Krause, P., Wagner, G. G., & Schupp, J. (2009) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9443-8 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring Subjective Wellbeing for Public Policy: Recommendations on MeasuresPreprint
Dolan, P., Layard, R., & Metcalfe, R. (2011) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Economic Growth Evens Out Happiness: Evidence from Six Surveys
Clark, A. E., Flèche, S., & Sénik, C. (2015) · Review of Income and Wealth · doi:10.1111/roiw.12190 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Panel Conditioning and Subjective Well-being
Wooden, M., & Li, N. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0348-1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The World Distribution of Income And Its Inequality, 1970–2009
Liberati, P. (2013) · Review of Income and Wealth · doi:10.1111/roiw.12088 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Measuring Income in Household Panel Surveys for Germany: A Comparison of EU-SILC and SOEPPreprint
Frick, J. R., & Krell, K. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1540662 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Properties of the Extended Gini Measures of Variability and InequalityPreprint
Yitzhaki, S., & Schechtman, E. (2005) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.815564 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationWagner, G. G., Frick, J. R., & Schupp, J. (2006) · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationInequality in housing affordability: Measurement and estimation
Ben‐Shahar, D., & Warszawski, J. (2015) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1177/0042098015572529 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Regional Income Stratification in Unified Germany Using a Gini Decomposition Approach
Frick, J. R., & Goebel, J. (2008) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343400701543181 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationMikrodaten, Gewichtung und Datenstruktur der Längsschnittstudie Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP)
Goebel, J., Grabka, M. M., Krause, P., Kroh, M., Pischner, R., Sieber, I., & Spieß, M. (2008) · Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung · doi:10.3790/vjh.77.3.77 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationWagner, G. G., Frick, J. R., & Schupp, J. (2007) · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationAngel, S., Heuberger, R., & Lamei, N. (2017) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-017-1672-7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Race and Income Distribution: Evidence from the USA , B razil and S outh A frica
Gradín, C. (2014) · Review of Development Economics · doi:10.1111/rode.12070 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The role of interviewer encounters in panel responses on life satisfaction
Chadi, A. (2013) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2013.10.024 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Si, Y., Reiter, J. P., & Hillygus, D. S. (2014) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1093/pan/mpu009 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lagravinese, R., Liberati, P., & Resce, G. (2018) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2018.11.009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Global earnings inequality, 1970–2015
Hammar, O., & Waldenström, D. (2017) · DiVA (Linkoping University) · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Einkommensmessungen in Haushaltspanelstudien für Deutschland: Ein Vergleich von EU-SILC und SOEP
Frick, J. R., & Krell, K. (2011) · AStA Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv · doi:10.1007/s11943-011-0107-1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationSatisfaction with Life and Economic Well-Being: Evidence from Germany
D’Ambrosio, C., Frick, J. R., & Jäntti, M. (2009) · Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch · doi:10.3790/schm.129.2.283 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationRaffinetti, E., Siletti, E., & Vernizzi, A. (2016) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-016-1354-x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Knies, G. (2021) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-021-00457-3 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Identifying monotonic and non-monotonic relationships
Yitzhaki, S., & Schechtman, E. (2012) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2011.12.123 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationThe need for and use of panel data
Andreß, H. (2017) · IZA World of Labor · doi:10.15185/izawol.352 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gornig, M., & Goebel, J. (2016) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1177/0042098016669285 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationThe relationship between the absolute deviation from a quantile and Gini’s mean difference
Yitzhaki, S., & Lambert, P. J. (2013) · METRON · doi:10.1007/s40300-013-0015-y · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationA new Gini correlation between quantitative and qualitative variables
Dang, X., Nguyen, D., Chen, Y., & Zhang, J. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Statistics · doi:10.1111/sjos.12490 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Corrado Gini: the man and the scientist
Giorgi, G. M. (2011) · METRON · doi:10.1007/bf03263547 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Evaluating Supplemental Samples in Longitudinal Research: Replacement and Refreshment Approaches
Taylor, L. K., Tong, X., & Maxwell, S. E. (2019) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273171.2019.1628694 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Does Repeated Measurement Improve Income Data Quality?
Fisher, P. G. (2019) · Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1111/obes.12296 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Barth, A. (2015) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-015-0218-9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Castellano, R., Manna, R., & Punzo, G. (2016) · International Review of Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/02692171.2016.1165653 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
‘Oops…I did it again’: Repeated focusing effects in reports of happiness
Dolan, P., & Metcalfe, R. (2010) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2010.05.008 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The “melting pot”: A success story?
Yitzhaki, S., & Schechtman, E. (2007) · The Journal of Economic Inequality · doi:10.1007/s10888-007-9066-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationGini’s multiple regressions: two approaches and their interaction
Schechtman, E., Pudalov, T., & Yitzhaki, S. (2011) · METRON · doi:10.1007/bf03263550 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationGini Index Decomposition for the Case of Two Subgroups
Costa, M. (2008) · Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation · doi:10.1080/03610910701883916 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
IS THERE ROOM FOR POLARIZATION?
Yitzhaki, S. (2009) · Review of Income and Wealth · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.2009.00360.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal Earnings Inequality, 1970–2015Preprint
Hammar, O., & Waldenström, D. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2971378 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The econometrics of happiness: Are we underestimating the returns to education and income?
Barrington-Leigh, C. P. (2024) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.105052 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
STRATIFICATION AND BETWEEN‐GROUP INEQUALITY: A NEW INTERPRETATION
Monti, M. G., & Santoro, A. (2011) · Review of Income and Wealth · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.2010.00414.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wagner, J. (2003) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cañón, L. A., Román, J. M., & Perdiz, J. V. (2019) · Papers of the Regional Science Association · doi:10.1111/pirs.12503 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Heller, J., & Yitzhaki, S. (2006) · Systematics and Biodiversity · doi:10.1017/s1477200005001921 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationZur Weiterentwicklung von SOEPsurvey und SOEPservice
Silke Anger, B., Frick, J. R., Goebel, J., Grabka, M. M., Groh-Samberg, O., Haas, H., Holst, E., Krause, P., Kroh, M., Lohmann, H., et al. (2008) · Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung · doi:10.3790/vjh.77.3.157 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationRegional Income Stratification in Unified Germany Using a Gini Decomposition ApproachPreprint
Frick, J. R., & Goebel, J. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.875397 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationTransvariation and inequality between subpopulations in the Dagum's Gini index decomposition
Costa, M. (2009) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Gießelmann, M., & Goebel, J. (2013) · Analyse & Kritik · doi:10.1515/auk-2013-0202 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationCaste and Wealth Inequality in IndiaPreprint
Zacharias, A., & Vakulabharanam, V. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1410660 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bestimmt die wirtschaftliche Dynamik der Städte die Intensität der Einkommenspolarisierung?
Goebel, J., Gornig, M., & Häußermann, H. (2012) · Leviathan · doi:10.5771/0340-0425-2012-3-371 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationIncome Sharing within Households: Evidence from Data on Financial Satisfaction
Elsas, S. (2016) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci5030047 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gini’s Multiple Regressions: Two Approaches and Their Interaction
Yitzhaki, S., & Schechtman, E. (2012) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4720-7_20 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationCalculating the Extended Gini Coefficient from Grouped Data - a Covariance PresentationPreprint
Schechtman, E., & Yitzhaki, S. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.890041 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationRente pétrolière et disparité des revenus au Tchad
Gadom, G. D., Sikod, F., & Totouom, A. (2018) · Mondes en développement · doi:10.3917/med.183.0071 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chiang, Y.-S. (2015) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2015.05.026 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Silke Anger, B., Frick, J. R., Goebel, J., Grabka, M. M., Groh-Samberg, O., Haas, H., Holst, E., Krause, P., Kroh, M., Lohmann, H., et al. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1331929 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentifying Monotonic and Non-Monotonic RelationshipsPreprint
Schechtman, E., & Yitzhaki, S. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1685156 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationTaxing fairly or failing badly? Reduced VAT rates and redistribution
Lanterna, F., & Ricci, M. (2025) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112425 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
On the Measurement of the Overall Degree of Income Stratification between Groups
Allanson, P. (2017) · Review of Income and Wealth · doi:10.1111/roiw.12290 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Metric and control of system fairness in heterogeneous networks
Dai, L., Jia, Y., Liang, L., & Chang, Z. (2017) · Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC) · doi:10.23919/apcc.2017.8304079 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gini indices as areas and covariances: what is the difference between the two representations?
Schechtman, E., & Zitikis, C. (2006) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationAccounting for Population Change in the Longitudinal Analysis of Income-Related Health Inequalities
Allanson, P., & Petrie, D. (2013) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1049-2585(2013)0000021009 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Efficient ExamPreprint
Yitzhaki, S. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2267039 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationINCOME POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, DETERMINANTS, AND IMPLICATIONS
Deutsch, J., & Silber, J. (2010) · Review of Income and Wealth · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.2009.00359.x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gini's Multiple RegressionsPreprint
Schechtman, E., & Yitzhaki, S. (2005) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.720641 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Great Recession and Racial Inequality: Evidence from Measures of Economic Well-BeingPreprint
Masterson, T., Zacharias, A., Ríos‐Avila, F., & Wolff, E. N. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2894528 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The econometrics of happiness: Are we underestimating the returns to education and income?Preprint
Barrington-Leigh, C. P. (2018) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1807.11835 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The econometrics of happiness: Are We Underestimating the Returns to Education and Income?Preprint
Barrington-Leigh, C. P. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3355008 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Great Recession and Racial Inequality: Evidence from Measures of Economic Well-Being
Masterson, T., Zacharias, A., Ríos‐Avila, F., & Wolff, E. N. (2019) · Journal of Economic Issues · doi:10.1080/00213624.2019.1664240 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zur verbesserten Erfassung von Nettohaushaltseinkommen und Vermögen in Haushaltssurveys
Schupp, J., Frick, J. R., Goebel, J., Grabka, M. M., Groh-Samberg, O., & Wagner, G. G. (2009) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-531-91752-8_6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationCausality in the Link between Income and Satisfaction : IV Estimation with Internal Instruments
Elsas, S. (2021) · doi:10.20378/irb-51690 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Winners and Losers: The Effects of Monetary Policy on Income and Consumption Inequality
Sen, A., & Sensarma, R. (2025) · Emerging Markets Review · doi:10.1016/j.ememar.2025.101318 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Social Welfare, Relative Deprivation, and the Gini Coefficient
Yitzhaki, S., & Schechtman, E. (2012) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4720-7_13 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationFrick, J. R., & Goebel, J. (2005) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationKapitel 19: Zunehmende Gefährdung des Lebensstandards im Alter
Wiegel, C., & Holler, M. (2016) · doi:10.3278/6004498w019 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Patterns and impact of longitudinal measurement error for welfare receipt
Eggs, J. (2016) · doi:10.3278/300923w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Multidisciplinary Household Panel Studies Under Academic DirectionPreprint
Schupp, J., & Frick, J. R. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1639330 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Relationship between the Gini and the Mean Absolute DeviationPreprint
Yitzhaki, S., & Lambert, P. J. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1945705 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationTracing the Curvature of a Regression CurvePreprint
Hur, D. B., Frantskevich, L., Schechtman, E., & Yitzhaki, S. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1629121 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationGoebel, J., & Gornig, M. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2611607 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationPooling and Sharing Income within Households: A Satisfaction ApproachPreprint
Elsas, S. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2331331 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Monitoring Attitudes Over Time: Real Change or the Result of Repeated Interviewing?
Kraemer, F., Lugtig, P. J., Struminskaya, B., Silber, H., Weiß, B., & Bošnjak, M. (2025) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/00491241251372503 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Einkommensverteilung und Siedlungsstruktur
Goebel, J., & Gornig, M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-01014-0_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationWelfare Rankings of the Distribution of Earnings in Italy
Liberati, P., & Yitzhaki, S. (2013) · Journal of Income Distribution · doi:10.25071/1874-6322.35091 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationBelastung oder Wohlfahrtsvorteil? Die Wohnkostensituation von Familien in Deutschland
Elsas, S., & Rinklake, A. (2024) · Sozialer Fortschritt · doi:10.3790/sfo.2024.1438203 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Urban Inequalities and Diversities in Germany
Krause, P. (2024) · The urban book series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-59746-6_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An Application in Statistics: ANOGI
Yitzhaki, S., & Schechtman, E. (2012) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4720-7_22 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Frick, J. R., Goebel, J., Schechtman, E., Wagner, G. G., & Yitzhaki, S.
- Affiliations
- German Institute for Economic Research (DE)
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Venue
- Sociological Methods & Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 427-468
- ISSN
- 0049-1241 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8294
- OpenAlex
- W2015236479
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 30.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- smr.sagepub.com
- Locations
- Sociological Methods & Research (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- EconStor Open Access Articles (submittedVersion)
- Econstor (Econstor) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Universität zu Köln
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Income, Poverty, and Inequality
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques
- Keywords
- selective attrition, panel survey, German Socio-Economic Panel, income inequality, Gini coefficient decomposition, response behavior, attrition bias
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
