Cited by 981Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionMotivation and Self-Concept in SportsHuman Behavior and Motivation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Independent Effects of Goal Contents and Motives on Well-Being: It’s Both What You Pursue and Why You Pursue It

Sheldon, Kennon M., Ryan, Richard M., Deci, Edward L., Kasser, Tim·2004·Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

DOI 10.1177/0146167203261883

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The assertion that both the content of goals and the motives behind goals affect psychological well-being has been controversial. Three studies examined this issue directly, showing that both what goals people pursue (i.e., whether they strive for extrinsic vs. intrinsic goal contents) and why people pursue them (i.e., whether they strive for autonomous vs. controlled motives) make significant independent contributions to psychological well-being. The pattern emerged in between-person and within-person studies of cross-sectional well-being and also emerged in a year-long study of prospective change in well-being. Implications for prescriptive theories of happiness are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0146167203261883

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68 · Cited by 54,599
Self-citation
The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01 · Cited by 34,210
Self-citation
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
The satisfaction with life scale
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 · Cited by 31,768
Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7 · Cited by 26,772
Self-citation
The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245
Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior
Miller, K. A. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1988) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2070638 · Cited by 15,406
Self-citation
On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 · Cited by 11,567
Self-citation
Untitled work
(1973) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 10,144
Well-being : the foundations of hedonic psychology
Kahneman, D. J., Diener, E. F., & Schwarz, N. (1999) · Cited by 7,472

Show all 48 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497 · DOI · Paper page
10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.56 · DOI
10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68 · DOI · Paper page
10.1037/0022-3514.68.3.531 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 980

Happiness and thrift: When (spending) less is (hedonically) more
Chancellor, J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2011) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2011.02.004 · Cited by 126
Predicting Objectively Assessed Physical Activity From the Content and Regulation of Exercise Goals: Evidence for a Mediational Model
Sebire, S. J., Standage, M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2011) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.33.2.175 · Cited by 111
Why choose a career in nursing?
Jirwe, M., & Rudman, A. (2012) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.05991.x · Cited by 117
Goal motives, well-being, and physical health: An integrative model.
Miquelon, P., & Vallerand, R. J. (2008) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/a0012759 · Cited by 123
Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and academic achievement among Indian adolescents in Canada and India
Areepattamannil, S., Freeman, J. G., & Klinger, D. A. (2011) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-011-9155-1 · Cited by 138
Eudaimonia as a Way of Living: Connecting Aristotle with Self-Determination Theory
Ryan, R. M., & Martela, F. (2016) · International handbooks of quality-of-life · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_7 · Cited by 120
Self-citation
Materialistic cues make us miserable: A meta‐analysis of the experimental evidence for the effects of materialism on individual and societal well‐being
Moldes, O., & Ku, L. (2020) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21387 · Cited by 112
Understanding the impact of intrinsic versus extrinsic goal framing on exercise performance: The conflicting role of task and ego involvement
Vansteenkiste, M., Matos, L., Lens, W., & Soenens, B. (2006) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.04.006 · Cited by 119
The path from intrinsic aspirations to subjective well-being is mediated by changes in basic psychological need satisfaction and autonomous motivation: A large prospective test
Hope, N. H., Holding, A. C., Verner-Filion, J., Sheldon, K. M., & Koestner, R. (2019) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-018-9733-z · Cited by 107
Self-citation
Achievement goals, reasons for goal pursuit, and achievement goal complexes as predictors of beneficial outcomes: Is the influence of goals reducible to reasons?
Sommet, N., & Elliot, A. J. (2017) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000199 · Cited by 120
Goal Motives, Well-Being, and Physical Health: Happiness and Self-Realization as Psychological Resources Under Challenge
Miquelon, P., & Vallerand, R. J. (2006) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-006-9043-8 · Cited by 103
Pursuing goals for us: Relationally autonomous reasons in long-term goal pursuit.
Gore, J. S., & Cross, S. E. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.848 · Cited by 105
More or better: Do the number and specificity of implementation intentions matter in increasing physical activity?
de Vet, E., Oenema, A., & Brug, J. (2011) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.02.008 · Cited by 112
Changes in Teachers’ Involvement Versus Rejection and Links with Academic Motivation During the First Year of Secondary Education: A Multilevel Growth Curve Analysis
Maulana, R., Opdenakker, M., Stroet, K., & Bosker, R. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9921-9 · Cited by 120
The experienced meaning of working with a PhD thesis
Stubb, J., Pyhältö, K., & Lonka, K. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00313831.2011.599422 · Cited by 100
Mindfulness, Interest‐Taking, and Self‐Regulation:A Self‐Determination Theory Perspective on the Role of Awareness in Optimal Functioning
Rigby, C. S., Schultz, P. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118294895.ch12 · Cited by 107
Self-citation
When earning is beneficial for learning: The relation of employment and leisure activities to academic outcomes
Derous, E., & Ryan, A. M. (2008) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.02.003 · Cited by 108
Life Aspirations, Personality Traits and Subjective Well–Being in A Spanish Sample
Romero, E., Fraguela, J. A. G., & Villar, P. (2011) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.815 · Cited by 107
Anxious Uncertainty and Reactive Approach Motivation (RAM) for Religious, Idealistic, and Lifestyle Extremes
McGregor, I., Prentice, M. S., & Nash, K. A. (2013) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12028 · Cited by 97
Starting Off on the Best Foot: A Review of Message Framing and Message Tailoring, and Recommendations for the Comprehensive Messaging Strategy for Sustained Behavior Change
Pope, J. P., Pelletier, L. G., & Guertin, C. (2017) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2017.1331305 · Cited by 96
Self in Learning: Chinese Adolescents' Goals and Sense of Agency
Li, J. (2006) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00883.x · Cited by 96
Unemployed individuals' work values and job flexibility: An explanation from expectancy-value theory and self-determination theory
van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., & de Witte, H. (2010) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2009.00391.x · Cited by 102
The Relation of Self-Determination and Achievement Goals to Taiwanese Eighth Graders' Behavioral and Emotional Engagement in Schoolwork
Shih, S. (2008) · The Elementary School Journal · doi:10.1086/528974 · Cited by 102
The role of daily autonomous and controlled educational goals in students’ academic emotion states: An experience sampling method approach
Ketonen, E. E., Dietrich, J., Moeller, J., Salmela‐Aro, K., & Lonka, K. (2017) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2017.07.003 · Cited by 103
Individual Motivation and Parental Influence on Adolescents’ Experiences of Interest in Free Time: A Longitudinal Examination
Sharp, E. H., Caldwell, L. L., Graham, J. A., & Ridenour, T. A. (2006) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9045-6 · Cited by 98
The Four‐Domain Development Diagram: A Guide for Holistic Design of Effective Learning Experiences for the Twenty‐first Century Engineer
Vanasupa, L. S., Stolk, J. D., & Herter, R. J. (2009) · Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/j.2168-9830.2009.tb01006.x · Cited by 93
Self-control and the reasons behind our goals.
Converse, B. A., Juarez, L., & Hennecke, M. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000188 · Cited by 98
Income security, social comparisons and materialism
Chatterjee, D., Kumar, M., & Dayma, K. K. (2019) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijbm-04-2018-0096 · Cited by 91
Feeling Free and Having an Authentic Inner Compass as Important Aspects of the Need for Autonomy in Emerging Adults’ Interactions With Their Mothers
Assor, A., Cohen, R., Ezra, O., & Yu, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635118 · Cited by 91
The development of personality across the lifespan
Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.015 · Cited by 89
Constitutive and instrumental goal orientations and their relations with eudaimonic and hedonic well-being
Fowers, B. J., Mollica, C. O., & Procacci, E. N. (2010) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439761003630045 · Cited by 110
Student teachers' achievement goal orientations during teacher studies: Antecedents, correlates and outcomes
Malmberg, L. (2008) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2008.06.003 · Cited by 101
High-performance work systems and job satisfaction: a multilevel model
Chas, R. G., Neira‐Fontela, E., & Neira, C. V. (2016) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-04-2013-0127 · Cited by 87
Temperament and brain networks of attention
Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0254 · Cited by 95
Parental Influences on Low-Income, First-Generation Students’ Motivation on the Path to College
Mitchall, A. M., & Jaeger, A. J. (2018) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.2018.1437664 · Cited by 113
Indigenous Insights into Ethical Leadership: A Study of Māori Leaders
Haar, J. M., Roche, M., & Brougham, D. R. (2018) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-018-3869-3 · Cited by 83
The Enigma of Being Yourself: A Critical Examination of the Concept of Authenticity
Jongman-Sereno, K. P., & Leary, M. R. (2018) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000157 · Cited by 83
Personality and emotion
Reisenzein, R., & Weber, H. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.007 · Cited by 84
Development and validation of the solution-focused inventory
Grant, A. M., Cavanagh, M. J., Kleitman, S., Spence, G. B., Lakota, M., & Yu, N. (2012) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2012.697184 · Cited by 81
Motivational Determinants of Students’ Academic Functioning: The Role of Autonomy-support, Autonomous Motivation, and Perceived Competence
Jeno, L. M., Nyléhn, J., Hole, T. N., Raaheim, A., Velle, G., & Vandvik, V. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00313831.2021.1990125 · Cited by 105
Suicidal Thinking and Perfectionism: The Role of Goal Adjustment and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems (BIS/BAS)
O’Connor, R. C., & Forgan, G. S. (2007) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-007-0057-2 · Cited by 77
Measuring the “Why” of Interaction
Brühlmann, F., Vollenwyder, B., Opwis, K., & Mekler, E. D. (2018) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3173680 · Cited by 84
Age and Gender Differences in Eudaimonic, Hedonic, and Extrinsic Motivations
LeFebvre, A., & Huta, V. (2020) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00319-4 · Cited by 77
Acting in our interests: Relational self-construal and goal motivation across cultures
Gore, J. S., Cross, S. E., & Kanagawa, C. (2008) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-008-9113-1 · Cited by 77
Understanding user acceptance of battery swapping service of sustainable transport: An empirical study of a battery swap station for electric scooters, Taiwan
Huang, F.-H. (2019) · International Journal of Sustainable Transportation · doi:10.1080/15568318.2018.1547464 · Cited by 78
Consumption and Subjective Wellbeing: Exploring Basic Needs, Social Comparison, Social Integration and Hedonism in Peru
Guillén-Royo, M. (2008) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9248-1 · Cited by 75
Experiencing student learning and tourism training in a 3D virtual world: An exploratory study
Huang, Y., Backman, S. J., Chang, L.-L., Backman, K. F., & McGuire, F. A. (2013) · Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport & Tourism Education · doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2013.09.007 · Cited by 81
The effect of self-determined motivation on household energy consumption behaviour in a metropolitan area in southern China
Cheung, L. T. O., Chow, A. S. Y., Fok, L., Yu, K.-M., & Chou, K. (2016) · Energy Efficiency · doi:10.1007/s12053-016-9472-5 · Cited by 77
How challenging was your work today? The role of autonomous work motivation
Tadić Vujčić, M., Oerlemans, W. G. M., & Bakker, A. B. (2017) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2016.1208653 · Cited by 72
Wellbeing Supportive Design – Research-Based Guidelines for Supporting Psychological Wellbeing in User Experience
Peters, D. (2022) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2022.2089812 · Cited by 92
Psychological causes, correlates, and consequences of materialism
Shrum, L. J., Chaplin, L. N., & Lowrey, T. M. (2021) · Consumer Psychology Review · doi:10.1002/arcp.1077 · Cited by 78
Material and Consumer Identities
Dittmar, H. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_31 · Cited by 76
Life Goals and Well-Being: Are Extrinsic Aspirations Always Detrimental to Well-Being?
Brdar, I., Rijavec, M., & Miljković, D. (2009) · University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE) · Cited by 71
The moral worth of sport reconsidered: Contributions of recreational sport and competitive sport to life aspirations and psychological well-being
Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., & Hagger, M. S. (2007) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410600959954 · Cited by 79
Turning ideas into products: subjective well-being in co-creation
Pera, R., & Viglia, G. (2015) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642069.2015.1015521 · Cited by 66
An exploratory investigation of aspirational consumption at the bottom of the pyramid
Gupta, S., & Srivastav, P. (2015) · Journal of International Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1080/08961530.2015.1055873 · Cited by 69
When and why is helping others good for well‐being? The role of belief in reciprocity and conformity to society's expectations
Oarga, C., Stavrova, O., & Fetchenhauer, D. (2015) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2092 · Cited by 75
Values, Goals, and Motivations Associated with Psychopathy
Glenn, A. L., Efferson, L. M., Iyer, R., & Graham, J. (2017) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2017.36.2.108 · Cited by 65
Positive Psychotherapy
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. (2018) · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.001.0001 · Cited by 77
To have or to learn? The effects of materialism on British and Chinese children’s learning.
Ku, L., Dittmar, H., & Banerjee, R. A. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036038 · Cited by 71
Do sources of meaning differentially predict search for meaning, presence of meaning, and wellbeing?
Grouden, M. E., & Jose, P. E. (2015) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v5i1.3 · Cited by 65
A metamodel approach towards self-determination theory: a study of New Zealand managers' organisational citizenship behaviours
Roche, M., & Haar, J. M. (2013) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2013.770779 · Cited by 84
Entrepreneurs' Well-Being: A Bibliometric Review
García, J. C. S., Vargas-Morúa, G., & Hernández-Sánchez, B. R. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01696 · Cited by 70
ICT Exposure and the Level of Wellbeing and Progress: A Cross Country Analysis
Maiti, D., & Awasthi, A. (2019) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-019-02153-5 · Cited by 67
We’ll Always Have Paris
Gilovich, T. D., & Kumar, A. (2014) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2014.10.002 · Cited by 65
Do people ruminate because they haven’t digested their goals? The relations of rumination and reflection to goal internalization and ambivalence
Thomsen, D. K., Tønnesvang, J., Schnieber, A., & Olesen, M. H. (2011) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-011-9209-x · Cited by 74
Effective self-regulation change techniques to promote mental wellbeing among adolescents: a meta-analysis
van Genugten, L., Dusseldorp, E., Massey, E. K., & van Empelen, P. (2016) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2016.1252934 · Cited by 71
Self-regulation of unattainable goals in suicide attempters: The relationship between goal disengagement, goal reengagement and suicidal ideation
O'Connor, R. C., Fraser, L., Whyte, M.-C., MacHale, S., & Masterton, G. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.11.001 · Cited by 62
The unique contributions of motivations to maintain a relationship and motivations toward relational activities to relationship well-being
Gaine, G. S., & Guardia, J. G. L. (2009) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-009-9120-x · Cited by 62
Optimal experience and self-determination at school: Joining perspectives
Bassi, M., & Fave, A. D. (2011) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-011-9268-z · Cited by 61
“I just feel so guilty”: The role of introjected regulation in linking appearance goals for exercise with women’s body image
Hurst, M., Dittmar, H., Banerjee, R. A., & Bond, R. (2017) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.12.002 · Cited by 69
The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on entrepreneurial intentions
Arshad, M., Farooq, O., & Farooq, M. (2018) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-04-2016-0248 · Cited by 70
Aspiring to physical health: The role of aspirations for physical health in facilitating long-term tobacco abstinence
Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2008) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2008.08.015 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Why individuals want money is what matters: Using self-determination theory to explain the differential relationship between motives for making money and employee psychological health
Landry, A. T., Kindlein, J., Trépanier, S., Forest, J., Zigarmi, D., Houson, D., & Brodbeck, F. C. (2016) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-015-9532-8 · Cited by 74
Editorial position paper: how virtual is your research?
Jozef Colpaert, B. (2020) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2020.1824059 · Cited by 60
Self-regulation and control in personality functioning
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.027 · Cited by 59
Traits, personal strivings and well-being
Romero, E., Villar, P., Luengo, M. Á., & Fraguela, J. A. G. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.03.006 · Cited by 59
Happiness, Healing, Enhancement: Your Casebook Collection For Applying Positive Psychology in Therapy
Burns, G. W. (2009) · Cited by 59
Optimal Self–esteem is Contingent: Intrinsic versus Extrinsic and Upward versus Downward Contingencies
Vonk, R., & Smit, H. (2011) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.817 · Cited by 62
Self-Regulatory Responses to Unattainable Goals: The Role of Goal Motives
Ntoumanis, N., Healy, L. C., Sedikides, C., Smith, A., & Duda, J. L. (2014) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2014.889033 · Cited by 59
Goal pursuit and eudaimonic well-being among university students: Metacognition as the mediator.
Kiaei, Y. A., & Reio, T. G. (2014) · Behavioral Development · doi:10.1037/h0101085 · Cited by 57
How Couple’s Relationship Lasts Over Time? A Model for Marital Satisfaction
de Abreu-Afonso, J., Ramos, M. M., Garcia, I. Q., & Leal, I. M. P. (2021) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941211000651 · Cited by 57
Self-Regulation and Students Well-Being: A Systematic Review 2010–2020
Rodríguez, S., González-Suárez, R., Vieites, T., Piñeiro, I., & Díaz-Freire, F. M. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14042346 · Cited by 100
Engagement scolaire, bien-être personnel et autodétermination chez des étudiants à l’université.
Brault‐Labbé, A., & Dubé, L. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/a0017385 · Cited by 80
Assessing Disruptions in Meaning: Development of the Global Meaning Violation Scale
Park, C. L., Riley, K. E., George, L. S., Gutierrez, I. A., Hale, A. E., Cho, D., & Braun, T. D. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9794-9 · Cited by 67
The impact of COVID-19 on destination visit intention and local food consumption
Dedeoğlu, B. B., Mariani, M. M., Shi, F., & Okumuş, B. (2022) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-04-2021-0421 · Cited by 56
Predicting self-concept, interest and achievement for first-year students: The seeds of lifelong learning
Fryer, L. K. (2015) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2015.01.007 · Cited by 59
Antecedents, Boundary Conditions and Consequences of Flow
Barthelmäs, M., & Keller, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53468-4_3 · Cited by 54
Updating Allport's and Batson's Framework of Religious Orientations: A Reevaluation from the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory and Wulff's Social Cognitive Model
Neyrinck, B., Lens, W., Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2010) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2010.01520.x · Cited by 54
Teacher motivation from a goal content perspective: Beginning teachers’ goals for teaching
Mansfield, C. F., & Beltman, S. (2013) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2013.09.010 · Cited by 54
Whole-Life Career Self-Management: A Conceptual Framework
Hirschi, A., Zacher, H., & Shockley, K. M. (2020) · Journal of Career Development · doi:10.1177/0894845320957729 · Cited by 72
Documenting different domains of promotion of autonomy in families
Manzi, C., Regalia, C., Pelucchi, S., & Fincham, F. D. (2011) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.10.011 · Cited by 53
What Do We Really Need? Goals and Values, Security, and the Perception of Consumer Necessity
Norris, J. I., & Williams, C. (2016) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20855 · Cited by 54
Personality and riskier sexual behaviour: Motivational mediators
Ingledew, D. K., & Ferguson, E. (2007) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/14768320600941004 · Cited by 57
Reconnaissance au travail : validation d’une échelle de mesure dans le contexte des entreprises
Fall, A. (2015) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2015.07.001 · Cited by 63
Beyond the ‘extinction of experience’ – Novel pathways between nature experience and support for nature conservation
Dean, A. J., Barnett, A. G., Wilson, K. A., & Turrell, G. (2019) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.02.002 · Cited by 55
Personality in cross-cultural perspective
Dragūns, J. G. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.035 · Cited by 51
Value Fulfillment from a Cybernetic Perspective: A New Psychological Theory of Well-Being
DeYoung, C. G., & Tiberius, V. (2022) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683221083777 · Cited by 70
Promoting career preparedness and intrinsic work-goal motivation: RCT intervention
Salmela‐Aro, K., Mutanen, P., & Vuori, J. (2011) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.07.001 · Cited by 61
A longitudinal diary study of the effects of causalityorientations on exercise-related affect
Kwan, B. M., Hooper, A. E. C., Magnan, R. E., & Bryan, A. D. (2011) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2010.534238 · Cited by 54

Authors: Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Kasser, T.
Affiliations: University of Missouri (US)
University of Rochester (US)
Knox College (US)
Corresponding author: Sheldon, Kennon M.
ORCID: Sheldon, Kennon M.
Ryan, Richard M.
Deci, Edward L.
Kasser, Tim
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2004-04
Volume: 30
Issue: 4
Pages: 475-486
ISSN: 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
1552-7433
DOI: 10.1177/0146167203261883
OpenAlex: W2122394990
Cited by: 981
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 125 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 51
FWCI: 27.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH053385, MH-53385)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
Keywords: goal content, psychological well-being, intrinsic goals, extrinsic goals, autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, self-determination theory, happiness, within-person change
MeSH terms: Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Goals, Happiness, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Prospective Studies, Self Concept

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Independent Effects of Goal Contents and Motives on Well-Being: It’s Both What You Pursue and Why You Pursue It

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks