Cited by 217Social and Intergroup PsychologyGender and Feminist StudiesGender Diversity and Inequality

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Motivated to Penalize: Women's Strategic Rejection of Successful Women

Parks-Stamm, Elizabeth J., Heilman, Madeline E., Hearns, Krystle A.·2008·Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

DOI 10.1177/0146167207310027

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Abstract

Two studies tested the hypothesis that females penalize women who succeed in male gender-typed jobs to salvage their own self-views regarding competence. The authors proposed that women are motivated to penalize successful women (i.e., characterize them as unlikable and interpersonally hostile) to minimize the self-evaluative consequences of social comparison with a highly successful female target. Results supported the hypothesis. Whereas both male and female participants penalized successful women, blocking this penalization reduced female—but not male—participants' self-ratings of competence (Study 1). Moreover, positive feedback provided to female participants about their potential to succeed (Study 2) weakened negative reactions to successful women without costs to subsequent self-ratings of competence. These results suggest that the interpersonal derogation of successful women by other women functions as a self-protective strategy against threatening upward social comparisons.

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Authors: Parks-Stamm, E. J., Heilman, M. E., & Hearns, K. A.
Affiliations: New York University,
New York University (US)
ORCID: Heilman, Madeline E.
Hearns, Krystle A.
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2007-12-04
Volume: 34
Issue: 2
Pages: 237-247
ISSN: 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
1552-7433
DOI: 10.1177/0146167207310027
OpenAlex: W2026070355
Cited by: 217
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 16.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Diversity and Inequality
Keywords: perceived competence, upward social comparison, self-protection strategies, gender stereotypes, positive feedback, interpersonal hostility, women's self-concept
MeSH terms: Achievement, Attitude, Career Mobility, Female, Hostility, Humans, Male, Motivation, New York City, Prejudice, Self Concept, United States, Universities

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Motivated to Penalize: Women's Strategic Rejection of Successful Women

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