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Validation of a Short Index of Self-Actualization
Abstract
This research reports the development of a 15-item index of self-actualization that will be useful in research contexts. The index is based primarily on modified items from the most widely accepted measure of self-actualization, the Personal Orientation Inventory. The index had a significant correlation with this inventory (r = .67, p < .001). It also correlated as expected with measures of self-esteem, rational behavior and beliefs, neuroticism, and extraversion. The index discriminated between groups of people nominated as self-actualizing and as non-self-actualizing. There were no problems with response sets, and the index was resistant to "faking good." Weaknesses of the scale are discussed as well as means to overcome these weaknesses.
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Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
Cited by
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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01 · Cited by 34,210
On Energy, Personality, and Health: Subjective Vitality as a Dynamic Reflection of Well‐Being
Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x · Cited by 2,755
Further Examining the American Dream: Differential Correlates of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals
Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167296223006 · Cited by 2,745
Psychological Needs and the Facilitation of Integrative Processes
Ryan, R. M. (1995) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00501.x · Cited by 2,245
A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration
Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.410 · Cited by 2,298
Metadata
- Authors
- Jones, A., & Crandall, R.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1986-03
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 63-73
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2090219857
- Cited by
- 316
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Jones, A., & Crandall, R. (1986). Validation of a Short Index of Self-Actualization. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167286121007
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
