The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Experimental Generation of Interpersonal Closeness: A Procedure and Some Preliminary Findings
Abstract
A practical methodology is presented for creating closeness in an experimental context. Whether or not an individual is in a relationship, particular pairings of individuals in the relationship, and circumstances of relationship development become manipulated variables. Over a 45-min period subject pairs carry out self-disclosure and relationship-building tasks that gradually escalate in intensity. Study 1 found greater postinteraction closeness with these tasks versus comparable small-talk tasks. Studies 2 and 3 found no significant closeness effects, inspite of adequate power, for (a) whether pairs were matched for nondisagreement on important attitudes, (b) whether pairs were led to expect mutual liking, or (c) whether getting close was made an explicit goal. These studies also illustrated applications for addressing theoretical issues, yielding provocative tentative findings relating to attachment style and introversion/extraversion.
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In the citing paper
“Social approach motivation is characterized by the desire to connect with others; it encourages behavior directed toward pursuing social connection,(7) including displays of active engagement and responsiveness(9) (e.g., self-disclosure,(10) positive emotional expressions(11)).”
In the citing paper
“controlled laboratory-based relationship-building task previously shown to facilitate interpersonal closeness”
From The affective tie that binds: Examining the contribution of positive emotions and anxiety to relationship formation in social anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Aron, Melinat, Aron, Vallone, & Bator, 1997
In the citing paper
“The conversation task, an abbreviated version of a previously validated relationship-building task (Aron et al., 1997)”
From The affective tie that binds: Examining the contribution of positive emotions and anxiety to relationship formation in social anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Aron et al., 1997
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Erikson, E. H. (2026) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.18614668 · Cited by 13,081
An alternative "description of personality": The Big-Five factor structure.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.59.6.1216 · Cited by 6,652
Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511 · Cited by 6,247 · cited 2×
“of one's mental model of other, these various findings are consistent with Hazan and Shaver's (1987) suggestion that relational experience can have an impact on attachment style.”
MethodResultAttachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.61.2.226 · Cited by 6,009
Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness.
Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596 · Cited by 5,157
Self-citation(1972) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(72)80121-7 · Cited by 4,366
Perry, J. B., & Erikson, E. H. (1965) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/349827 · Cited by 3,847
Review of personality and social psychology
Wheeler, L. S., & Shaver, P. R. (1980) · UMI Books on Demand · Cited by 3,593
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Aron, A., Conference of the International Network on Personal Relationships
- 10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226 · DOI · Paper page
- Derlega, V. J., 1993, Self-disclosure
- Dindia, K., Conference of the International Network on Personal Relationships
- Eysenck, H. J., 1975, Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
- 10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1216 · DOI · Paper page
- McAdams, D. P., 1988, Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research, and interventions, 7
- Reis, H. T., 1988, Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research, and interventions, 367
- Sternberg, R. J., 1988, Construction validation of a triangular theory of love
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Word of mouth and interpersonal communication: A review and directions for future research
Berger, J. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2014.05.002 · Cited by 1,469
The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice.
Wright, S. C., Aron, A. P., McLaughlin‐Volpe, T., & Ropp, S. A. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.73 · Cited by 1,447
“The closeness-building task itself was a procedure developed by Aron et al. (1997) that has been shown to create high levels of interpersonal closeness in stranger dyads over a fairly short period of time.”
BackgroundSelf-citationInclusion with Nature: The Psychology Of Human-Nature Relations
Schultz, P. W. (2002) · Psychology of Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0995-0_4 · Cited by 1,201
The relational-interdependent self-construal and relationships.
Cross, S. E., Bacon, P. L., & Morris, M. L. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.791 · Cited by 1,092
Allen, K., Kern, M. L., Rozek, C. S., McInerney, D. M., & Slavich, G. M. (2021) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530.2021.1883409 · Cited by 1,283
“…social skills, and cognitions (e.g., Durlak et al., 2011; Frydenberg et al., 2004; Walton & Cohen, 2011); (b) their social relationships (e.g., Aron et al., 1997; Kanter et al., 2018); or (c) the environment that individuals inhabit, such as the physical attributes of the workplace, sense of…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Aron, A., Melinat, E., Aron, E. N., Vallone, R. D., & Bator, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- California Graduate School of Family Psychology
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Arizona State University
- Corresponding author
- Aron, Arthur
- ORCID
- Aron, Arthur
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1997-04
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 363-377
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2167393292
- Cited by
- 902
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 113 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 4.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- relationship closeness, self-disclosure, relationship building, small talk, interpersonal attraction, attachment styles, extraversion-introversion
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