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Transfer of Training: A Meta-Analytic Review
Abstract
Although transfer of learning was among the very first issues addressed by early psychologists, the extant literature remains characterized by inconsistent measurement of transfer and significant variability in findings. This article presents a meta-analysis of 89 empirical studies that explore the impact of predictive factors (e.g., trainee characteristics, work environment, training interventions) on the transfer of training to different tasks and contexts. We also examine moderator effects of the relationships between these predictors and transfer. Results confirmed positive relationships between transfer and predictors such as cognitive ability, conscientiousness, motivation, and a supportive work environment. Several moderators had significant effects on transfer relationships, including the nature of the training objectives. Specifically, most predictor variables examined (e.g., motivation, work environment) had stronger relationships to transfer when the focus of training was on open (e.g., leadership development) as opposed to closed (e.g., computer software) skills. Other moderators related to the measurement of transfer also influenced transfer relationships, including situations in which transfer outcomes were obtained by the same source in the same measurement context— which consistently inflated transfer relationships. Findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for future research and training practice.
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“les conclusions de Baldwin et Ford évoquées en 1988 ont été reconfirmées dans une publication plus récente (Blume, Ford, Baldwin et Huang, 2010).”
From Enseignement explicite et développement decompétences : antinomie ou nécessité? (2020) · cites this paper as Blume, Ford, Baldwin et Huang, 2010
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Kauffeld, S., & Massenberg, A. (2018) · Management for professionals · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72757-8_8 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., Baldwin, T. T., & Huang, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- Indiana University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Management
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-12-16
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1065-1105
- ISSN
- 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1211
- OpenAlex
- W2165041900
- Cited by
- 1,477
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 106 · 2025: 100 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 125 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 99 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 88 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 33.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Management (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation
- Social Sciences › Education › Innovative Education and Learning Practices
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Competency Development and Evaluation
- Keywords
- transfer of training, transfer of learning, cognitive ability, conscientiousness, motivation, supportive work environment, training program, leadership development training, trainee characteristics
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