Cited by 1,477Human Resource Development and Performance EvaluationInnovative Education and Learning PracticesCompetency Development and Evaluation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 144 of the 144 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Transfer of Training: A Meta-Analytic Review

Abstract

Although transfer of learning was among the very first issues addressed by early psychologists, the extant literature remains characterized by inconsistent measurement of transfer and significant variability in findings. This article presents a meta-analysis of 89 empirical studies that explore the impact of predictive factors (e.g., trainee characteristics, work environment, training interventions) on the transfer of training to different tasks and contexts. We also examine moderator effects of the relationships between these predictors and transfer. Results confirmed positive relationships between transfer and predictors such as cognitive ability, conscientiousness, motivation, and a supportive work environment. Several moderators had significant effects on transfer relationships, including the nature of the training objectives. Specifically, most predictor variables examined (e.g., motivation, work environment) had stronger relationships to transfer when the focus of training was on open (e.g., leadership development) as opposed to closed (e.g., computer software) skills. Other moderators related to the measurement of transfer also influenced transfer relationships, including situations in which transfer outcomes were obtained by the same source in the same measurement context— which consistently inflated transfer relationships. Findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for future research and training practice.

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Crossref · 10.1177/0149206309352880

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Research works printed but not linked: 28

  1. Al-Ammar, S.A., 1995, The influence of individual and organizational characteristics on training motivation and effectiveness. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  2. Ameel, L.J., 1992, Transfer of training for a basic sales skills training program
  3. Becker, B.E., 1998, Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, 16, 53
  4. Borowski, J.L., 2001, The social influence of work organizations on training transfer. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  5. Brittain, C.R., 2000, The effect of a supportive organizational environment on transfer of training in child welfare organizations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  6. Brown, T.C., Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management
  7. Casper, B., 2005, The positive transfer of learned skills from training to changed behaviors at the job. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  8. Clasen, P.S., 1997, Expectancy theory predictions of the transfer of training skills to the job. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  9. Cruz, B.J., 1995, An empirical investigation of the validity of self-report assessment versus and instructionally aligned assessment to measure training transfer. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  10. Essary, V.L., 2001, The influences of self-efficacy on training transfer. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  11. 10.1177/014920639502100101 · DOI
  12. Grose, R.F., 1963, Transfer of learning: An enduring problem in psychology
  13. Guardiola, R.J., 2001, A transfer of training evaluation study: Investigating differences between goal setting and relapse prevention. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  14. Holladay, C.L., Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology
  15. Loh, V., Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology
  16. Madera, J., Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology
  17. Martineau, J.W., 1995, A contextual examination of the effectiveness of a supervisory skills training program. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  18. Merriam, S.B., 2005, PAACE Journal of Lifelong Learning, 14, 1
  19. Mohamed, M.A.K., 1994, An investigation of the contextual factors affecting transfer of training, and the role of management values in contextual change: The case of the United Arab Emirates public sector. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  20. Myers, S.D., 1998, The role of person, outcome, environmental, and learning variables in training effectiveness. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  21. Naowaruttanavanit, M., 2002, Relationships of collective efficacy, cynicism, and motivation to transfer on transfer of training in Thailand. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  22. Paradise, A., 2007, State of the Industry: ASTD’s Annual Review of Trends in Workplace Learning and Performance
  23. Poteet, M.L., 1997, The training transfer process: An examination of the role of individual, motivational, and work environmental factors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  24. Ramirez, A.E., 2000, Individual, attitudinal, and organizational influences on training effectiveness: A test of Noe’s's model. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  25. 10.1002/hrdq.2.abs · DOI
  26. 10.1037/0033-2909.99.3.400 · DOI
  27. Switzer, K.C., 2005, Applied Human Resource Management Research, 10, 21
  28. Weissbein, D.A., 2000, Improving training effectiveness through motivation: Creating a psychological states intervention. Unpublished doctoral dissertation

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Metadata

Authors
Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., Baldwin, T. T., & Huang, J. L.
Affiliations
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Michigan State University (US)
  • Indiana University (US)
Venue
Journal of Management
Published
2009-12-16
Volume
36
Issue
4
Pages
1065-1105
ISSN
  • 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-1211
OpenAlex
W2165041900
Cited by
1,477
References
144
Citations by year
2026: 106 · 2025: 100 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 125 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 99 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 88 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 50
FWCI
33.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Management (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation
  • Social Sciences › Education › Innovative Education and Learning Practices
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Competency Development and Evaluation
Keywords
transfer of training, transfer of learning, cognitive ability, conscientiousness, motivation, supportive work environment, training program, leadership development training, trainee characteristics

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