The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Work-Family Conflict, Enrichment, and Balance under “Levels” and “Episodes” Approaches
Abstract
In this review, the authors differentiate work—family (WF) research that conceptualizes and measures conflict as a consolidated level versus as a conflict event or episode. They critique the “levels” literature in the areas of conflict, enrichment, and balance. They next review the WF “episodes” literature for the first time. They then introduce a framework that clarifies definitional inconsistencies and integrates the key constructs in the WF literature in a new way. This framework proposes that an employee’s mental conceptualizations relevant to WF roles can be discrepant with actual role enactment or with another mental conceptualization. These discrepancies form one’s level of WF balance or imbalance. The authors recommend that researchers adopt WF balance as the central levels construct, which changes primarily through the occurrence of WF conflict episodes and WF enrichment episodes. They finally discuss research and practical implications of this framework.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The theory of planned behavior
Ajzen, I. (1991) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · Cited by 90,587
Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.3.513 · Cited by 18,187
Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign
Karasek, R. A. (1979) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392498 · Cited by 12,597
Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400 · Cited by 3,864
When Work and Family are Allies: A Theory of Work-Family Enrichment
Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2006.19379625 · Cited by 3,837
The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self
Steele, C. M. (1988) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60229-4 · Cited by 3,697
The ripple effect: emotional contagion and its influence on group behavior
Barsade, S. G. (2002) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3094912 · Cited by 3,361
All in a Day's Work: Boundaries and Micro Role Transitions
Ashforth, B. E., Kreiner, G. E., & Fugate, M. (2000) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/259305 · Cited by 3,039
Optimal experience in work and leisure.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & LeFevre, J. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.56.5.815 · Cited by 1,943
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, J. H., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2006) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2005.02.002 · Cited by 1,269
Cited by
Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Suñe, A., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2014) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.010 · Cited by 965
Shockley, K. M., Shen, W., DeNunzio, M. M., Arvan, M. L., & Knudsen, E. A. (2017) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000246 · Cited by 451
Butts, M. M., Becker, W. J., & Boswell, W. R. (2015) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2014.0170 · Cited by 353
Casper, W. J., Vaziri, H., Wayne, J. H., DeHauw, S., & Greenhaus, J. (2018) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000259 · Cited by 348
Wayne, J. H., Butts, M. M., Casper, W. J., & Allen, T. D. (2017) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12132 · Cited by 293
Metadata
- Authors
- Maertz, C. P., & Boyar, S. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Management
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-09-14
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-98
- ISSN
- 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1211
- OpenAlex
- W2075693605
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 33.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Work-Family Conflict, Enrichment, and Balance under “Levels” and “Episodes” Approaches. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0149206310382455
- The paper
- Maertz, C. P., & Boyar, S. L. (2011). Work-Family Conflict, Enrichment, and Balance under “Levels” and “Episodes” Approaches. Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310382455
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.