The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ecosystem as Structure: An Actionable Construct for Strategy
Open accessAbstract
Over the past 20 years, the term “ecosystem” has become pervasive in discussions of strategy, both scholarly and applied. Its rise has mirrored an increasing interest and concern among both researchers and managers with interdependence across organizations and activities. This article presents a structuralist approach to conceptualizing the ecosystem construct. It presents a clear definition of the ecosystem construct, a grammar for characterizing ecosystem structure, and a characterization of the distinctive aspects of ecosystem strategy. This approach offers an explicit examination of the relationship among ecosystems and a host of alternative constructs (business models, platforms, coopetition, multisided markets, networks, technology systems, supply chains, value networks) that helps characterize where the ecosystem construct adds, and does not add, insight for the strategy literature.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Here the focal platform actor requires specific capabilities to form and orchestrate the surrounding ecosystem (Helfat & Raubitschek, 2018), enforces governance principles and fosters generativity, allowing the complementors to undertake discrete actions to contribute to the platforms' value proposition (Adner, 2017;Jacobides et al., 2018;Teece, 2018).”
From Digital platform ecosystems in flux: From proprietary digital platforms to wide-spanning ecosystems (2023) · cites this paper as Adner, 2017
In the citing paper
“After boundary resources have been created, complementors must be attracted to the platform to foster ecosystem generation (Adner, 2017).”
From Digital platform ecosystems in flux: From proprietary digital platforms to wide-spanning ecosystems (2023) · cites this paper as Adner, 2017
Citations
Cites
(1994) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/0002-8223(94)92216-0 · Cited by 46,726
A resource‐based view of the firm
Wernerfelt, B. (1984) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250050207 · Cited by 25,635
Coase, R. H. (1937) · Economica · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x · Cited by 23,972
An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.
Loasby, B. J., Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (1983) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2232409 · Cited by 21,426
Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors
(1980) · Journal of Sustainable Competitive Intelligence · doi:10.24883/iberoamericanic.v2i2.38 · Cited by 16,592
Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance
Porter, M. E. (1985) · Cited by 14,725
Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications.
O'Brien, D. P., & Williamson, O. E. (1976) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2230812 · Cited by 13,469
The Relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage
Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1998.1255632 · Cited by 12,810
An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change
Berkowitz, M. K., Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (1983) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1058233 · Cited by 10,888
PORTER, Competitive advantage, creating and sustaining superior performance
Weil, K. E. (1985) · Revista de Administração de Empresas · doi:10.1590/s0034-75901985000200009 · Cited by 10,458
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Adner R., 2000, Mastering strategy: The complete MBA companion in strategy
- Adner R., 2006, Harvard Business Review, 84, 98
- Adner R., 2013, The wide lens: What successful innovators see that others miss
- Adner R., 2016, Harvard Business Review, 94, 60
- Brandenburger A. M., 1996, Co-opetition
- 10.2307/259056 · DOI
- Milgrom P., 1990, American Economic Review, 80, 511
- Parker G. G., 2016, Platform revolution
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,001
Havinga, F., Mahdad, M., & Dolfsma, W. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137455 · Cited by 25
Boundary resource management in innovation ecosystems: The case of e-commerce
Wulfert, T. (2023) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-023-00651-6 · Cited by 27
How do omnichannel strategies contribute to value-based healthcare? An orchestra-based analysis
PAIOLA, M. U., Khvatova, T., Schiavone, F., & Ferraris, A. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114175 · Cited by 27
Shi, J., & Wang, Y. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2024.3355235 · Cited by 27
Platformizers, Orchestrators, and Guardians: Three Types of B2B Platform Business Models
Ritala, P., & Jovanovic, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57511-2_4 · Cited by 30
One for all and all for one? The bliss and torment in communal entrepreneurship
Boyaval, M., & Herbert, M. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.06.023 · Cited by 29
Supplier, Tailor, and Facilitator: Typology of Platform Business Models
Kim, J., & Min, J. (2019) · Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity · doi:10.3390/joitmc5030057 · Cited by 29
Platform Growth Model: The Four Stages of Growth Model
Kim, J., & Yoo, J. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11205562 · Cited by 27
Yildirim, A., Clarysse, B., & Wright, M. (2021) · Industry and Innovation · doi:10.1080/13662716.2021.2007760 · Cited by 26
Roundy, P. T., & Im, S. (2024) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1007/s10490-024-09951-7 · Cited by 26
The evolution paths of neutral host businesses: Antecedents, strategies, and business models
Lähteenmäki, J. (2021) · Telecommunications Policy · doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102201 · Cited by 26
Tsvetkova, A., Hellström, M., & Ringbom, H. (2021) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.09.007 · Cited by 30
Micheli, P. G., & Muctor, G. (2021) · International Journal of Operations & Production Management · doi:10.1108/ijopm-05-2021-0317 · Cited by 26
An Evolutionary Analysis of Relational Governance in an Innovation Ecosystem
Liu, B., Shao, Y., Liu, G., & Ni, D. (2022) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440221093044 · Cited by 26
Wu, M., Liu, Y. D., Jasimuddin, S. M., & Zhang, Z. (2022) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2022.102026 · Cited by 27
Fan, X., Shan, X., Day, S. J., & Shou, Y. (2022) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/imds-12-2021-0798 · Cited by 26
Nogueira, L. A., Kringelum, L. B., Olsen, J., Jørgensen, F. A., & Vangelsten, B. V. (2022) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.13296 · Cited by 26
Modelling Digital Transformation Within the Financial Sector
Ajigini, O. A., & Chinamasa, T. J. W. (2023) · Information Resources Management Journal · doi:10.4018/irmj.320642 · Cited by 30
Yun, J. J., Zhao, X., Gaudio, G. D., Corte, V. D., & Sadoi, Y. (2023) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-07-2023-0607 · Cited by 26
Going digital EMNEs: The role of digital maturity capability
Fleury, A., Fleury, M. T. L., Oliveira, L., & Leão, P. (2024) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2024.102271 · Cited by 26
Innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Structure, Boundaries, and Dynamics
Bernardi, P. D., & Azucar, D. (2019) · Contributions to management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33502-1_3 · Cited by 26
Polidoro, F., & Yang, W. (2024) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.3601 · Cited by 28
Ilyas, I. M., Kansikas, J., & Fayolle, A. J.-C. (2024) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101029 · Cited by 25
Secundo, G., Turi, I. D., Garzoni, A., Posa, M., & Barile, D. (2025) · Journal of Knowledge Management · doi:10.1108/jkm-02-2024-0244 · Cited by 26
Benefiting from modularity within and across firm boundaries
Tee, R. (2019) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtz007 · Cited by 25
Going beyond the hype: conceptualising “media ecosystem” for media management research
Kostovska, I., Raats, T., Donders, K., & Ballon, P. (2020) · Journal of Media Business Studies · doi:10.1080/16522354.2020.1765668 · Cited by 25
Overview of Sharing Economy at the Base of the Pyramid
Qureshi, I., Bhatt, B., & Shukla, D. M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-2414-8_1 · Cited by 25
Zou, H., Qin, H., He, D., & Sun, J. M. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3119846 · Cited by 25
Grimpe, C., Sofka, W., & Distel, A. P. (2021) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-021-00582-6 · Cited by 25
The market-shaping potential of a crisis
Pedersen, C. L., & Ritter, T. (2022) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.03.008 · Cited by 25
Malherbe, M. (2022) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2022.10.002 · Cited by 25
Cloud computing ecosystem model: evaluation and role clusters
Floerecke, S., Lehner, F., & Schweikl, S. (2020) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-020-00419-2 · Cited by 25
The Emergence of Platform-Dependent Entrepreneurs: Power Asymmetries, Risk, and UncertaintyPreprint
Cutolo, D., & Kenney, M. F. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3372560 · Cited by 32
New Perspectives on Base of the Pyramid Strategies
Dentchev, N. A., Michelini, L., Verbeke, A. C., Hall, J. K., & Hillemann, J. (2022) · Business & Society · doi:10.1177/00076503221125420 · Cited by 25
Circular Economy and Digital Technology‐Enabled Innovation: Advances, Applications and Prospects
Frank, A. G., Batista, L. C., Chaudhuri, A., Subramaniam, N., Subramanian, A. M., Dora, M. K., & Ritala, P. (2025) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/radm.70003 · Cited by 25
Finance for sustainability: A systematic review on crowdfunding for renewable energy projects
Mukherjee, A., Griffiths, P., Sinha, P., & Deol, S. (2024) · Review of Financial Economics · doi:10.1002/rfe.1211 · Cited by 24
Opening the black box of transition towards a sustainable business model
Atkova, I., Galkina, T., Yang, M., Leposky, T., & Ahokangas, P. (2025) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102499 · Cited by 24
The Performative Power of Words: How Business Model Innovators Use Framing for Strategic Advantage
Snihur, Y., Thomas, L. D. W., & Burgelman, R. A. (2018) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-78769-431-620181002 · Cited by 28
Koch-Ørvad, N., Thuesen, C., Koch, C., & Berker, T. (2019) · Project Management Journal · doi:10.1177/8756972819870623 · Cited by 24
Meaningful analysis of innovation, business and entrepreneurial ecosystem concepts
Burda, Y. D., Volkova, I. O., & Gavrikova, E. (2020) · Russian Management Journal · doi:10.21638/spbu18.2020.104 · Cited by 24
Absorptive Capacity in a Two-Sector Neo-Schumpeterian Model: A New Role for Innovation Policy
Almudí, I., Fatás‐Villafranca, F., Fernández‐Márquez, C. M., Potts, J., & Vàzquez, F. J. (2018) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtz052 · Cited by 24
The value of entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial ecosystem: Evidence from 265 cities in China
Yang, J., & Zhang, M. (2021) · Growth and Change · doi:10.1111/grow.12543 · Cited by 26
Towards an evolutionary view of innovation diffusion in open innovation ecosystems
Xiong, B., Lim, E. T. K., Tan, C., Zhao, Z., & Yu, Y. (2022) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/imds-11-2021-0686 · Cited by 24
Bartolacci, F., Cardoni, A., Łasak, P., & Sadkowski, W. (2022) · Journal of Entrepreneurship Management and Innovation · doi:10.7341/20221844 · Cited by 24
The Role of IoT and IIoT in Supplier and Customer Continuous Improvement Interface
Kumar, V., Sharma, N. K., Mittal, A., & Verma, P. (2023) · EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19711-6_7 · Cited by 24
Cultivating Regional Innovation Ecosystems in the Digital Age: Case Studies of Four Cites in China
Yi, C., Ma, L., Liu, Z., Liang, K., & Huang, X. (2023) · Science Technology and Society · doi:10.1177/09717218231160425 · Cited by 24
Liu, J., Ning, L., & Gao, Q. (2023) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-06-2023-0987 · Cited by 24
Marchese, S., Gastaldi, L., & Mariano Corso, A. (2025) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-11-2024-1405 · Cited by 23
Gawer, A., & Harracá, M. (2025) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2025.105300 · Cited by 23
The “Tango Argentino”: A Metaphor for Understanding Effectuation Processes
Pattinson, S., Ciesielska, M., Preece, D., Nicholson, J. D., & Alexandersson, A. (2018) · Journal of Management Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1056492618776102 · Cited by 23
Designing platform ecosystems for collaboration, innovation and growth
Singal, A. K. (2021) · Benchmarking An International Journal · doi:10.1108/bij-12-2020-0619 · Cited by 23
The triple helix and the quality of the startup ecosystem: a global view
Chaparro, X. A. F., Takahashi, C. K., & de Figueiredo, J. C. B. (2022) · Revista de Gestão · doi:10.1108/rege-04-2021-0077 · Cited by 23
Boyer, J., & Kökösy, A. (2022) · The Journal of Risk Finance · doi:10.1108/jrf-12-2021-0193 · Cited by 25
da Fonseca, L. N. M., Kogut, C. S., & da Rocha, Â. (2023) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-023-00510-8 · Cited by 23
Castell, C., Kiefer, J., Schubach, S., Schumann, J. H., Graf‐Vlachy, L., & Konig, A. S. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113911 · Cited by 25
Jacobides, M. G., Candelon, F., Krayer, L., Round, K., & Chen, W. (2023) · Industry and Innovation · doi:10.1080/13662716.2023.2279051 · Cited by 23
EXPLORING EMERGING ECOSYSTEM BOUNDARIES: DEFINING ‘THE GAME’
Phillips, M., & Srai, J. S. (2018) · International Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1142/s1363919618400121 · Cited by 23
Huang, J., Wang, H., Wu, J., Yang, Z., Hu, X., & Bao, M. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12041320 · Cited by 23
DIY Laboratories and business innovation ecosystems: The case of pharmaceutical industry
Wu, Q., & He, Q. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120336 · Cited by 23
Open Team Production, the New Cooperative Firm, and Hybrid Advantage
Berti, M., & Pitelis, C. N. (2021) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2019.0416 · Cited by 27
Innovation ecosystems in B2B contexts: Owning the space
Pattinson, S., Nicholson, J. D., Ehret, M., Velu, C. K., & Ryan, P. A. (2022) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.11.004 · Cited by 23
Kolagar, M. (2024) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.3855 · Cited by 22
Reed, J. E., Svedberg, P., & Nygren, J. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/56836 · Cited by 22
Aagaard, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57511-2 · Cited by 26
Pomegbe, W. W. K., Li, W., Dogbe, C. S. K., & Otoo, C. O. A. (2021) · Cross Cultural & Strategic Management · doi:10.1108/ccsm-01-2020-0013 · Cited by 22
Hybridity of social enterprise models and ecosystems
Neverauskienė, L. O., & Pranskeviciute, I. (2021) · JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES · doi:10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/3 · Cited by 22
Shi, X., Luo, Y., Hong, H., Rong, K., & Shi, Y. (2021) · Management and Organization Review · doi:10.1017/mor.2021.39 · Cited by 22
An ecosystem view of social entrepreneurship through the perspective of systems thinking
Bhardwaj, R., Srivastava, S., Bindra, S., & Sangwan, S. (2022) · Systems Research and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/sres.2835 · Cited by 23
Kostopoulos, K. C., Syrigos, E. D., & Kuusela, P. (2022) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102269 · Cited by 22
Principles of the ecosystem approach: Possibilities for modeling educational ecosystems
Kicherova, M. N., & Trifonova, I. S. (2023) · Science for Education Today · doi:10.15293/2658-6762.2303.03 · Cited by 22
Complementors as ecosystem actors: a systematic review
Carst, A. E., & Hu, Y. (2023) · Management Review Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11301-023-00368-y · Cited by 27
Toh, P. K., & Pyun, E. (2023) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.3562 · Cited by 22
Soft Governance Across Digital Platforms Using Transparency
Doshi, A. R., & Schmidt, W. (2024) · Strategy Science · doi:10.1287/stsc.2023.0006 · Cited by 22
Coccia, M. (2024) · Contributions to management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58359-9_5 · Cited by 22
Digital marketing ecosystems and global market expansion: current state and future research agenda
Nim, N., Pedada, K., & Hewett, K. (2024) · International Marketing Review · doi:10.1108/imr-04-2024-0108 · Cited by 22
University as an Ecosystem: Institutes of Interdisciplinary Management
Kleiner, G. B. (2019) · Journal of Institutional Studies · doi:10.17835/2076-6297.2019.11.3.054-063 · Cited by 22
Aaltonen, P. H. M. (2020) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101664 · Cited by 22
Critical success factors of total quality management in autonomous driving business models
Wang, Z., & Meckl, R. (2020) · Cogent Engineering · doi:10.1080/23311916.2020.1767018 · Cited by 22
Service robots and innovation: An ecosystem approach
Mahr, D., Odekerken‐Schröder, G., & Steins, M. M. H. M. G. (2024) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.12756 · Cited by 21
Delineating interorganizational dynamic capabilities: A literature review and a conceptual framework
Sandberg, E., Kindström, D., & Haag, L. (2021) · Journal of Inter-Organizational Relationships · doi:10.1080/26943980.2021.1939224 · Cited by 21
Huy, P. Q., & Phuc, V. K. (2022) · Economies · doi:10.3390/economies10080185 · Cited by 27
Applying an ecosystem lens to low-carbon energy transitions: A conceptual framework
Speich, M., & Ulli‐Beer, S. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136429 · Cited by 21
Liva, G., Micheli, M., Schade, S., Kotsev, A., Gori, M., & Codagnone, C. (2023) · Data & Policy · doi:10.1017/dap.2023.13 · Cited by 25
Hou, X., Gao, X., Yin, S., & Li, J. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0289408 · Cited by 21
How can regional innovation ecosystem affect innovation level? an Fs QCA analysis
Xu, D., & Yu, B. (2023) · Technology Analysis and Strategic Management · doi:10.1080/09537325.2023.2242504 · Cited by 22
How Do Innovation Ecosystems Emerge? The Case of Nanotechnology in Israel
Drori, I., & Lavie, D. (2023) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.13026 · Cited by 21
Su, H., Li, L., Tian, S., Cao, Z., & Ma, Q. (2024) · Information Technology and Management · doi:10.1007/s10799-024-00423-4 · Cited by 24
Aarland, M. (2024) · Information and Computer Security · doi:10.1108/ics-10-2023-0198 · Cited by 24
Shaping Emotional Labor Practices in the Sharing Economy
Bucher, E. L., Fieseler, C., Lutz, C., & Newlands, G. (2020) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0733-558x20200000066004 · Cited by 21
Firm innovation system: Paths for enhancing corporate indigenous innovation capability
Chen, J., Yin, X., & Li, J. (2020) · Frontiers of Engineering Management · doi:10.1007/s42524-020-0116-2 · Cited by 21
Guest Editorial: Foresight in Strategy and Innovation Management
Ehls, D., Gordon, A. V., Herstatt, C., & Rohrbeck, R. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2021.3077342 · Cited by 21
Building local ecosystems for social innovation
OECD (2021) · OECD local economic and employment development (LEED) working papers · doi:10.1787/bef867cd-en · Cited by 26
A Bibliometric Analysis on Supply Chain Collaboration
Tripathi, V., Singh, K., Parihar, S., & Srivastava, S. K. (2022) · Purushartha - A Journal of Management Ethics and Spirituality · doi:10.21844/16202115205 · Cited by 20
Schmeisser, B., Saebi, T., Schotter, A. P. J., & Gooderham, P. (2025) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2025.101695 · Cited by 20
Gomes, L. A. D. V., Fleury, A. L., de Oliveira, M. G., & Facin, A. L. F. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120885 · Cited by 24
Why Multibusiness Corporations Split: CEO Strategizing as the Ecosystem Evolves
Burgelman, R. A., Snihur, Y., & Thomas, L. D. W. (2021) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063211027623 · Cited by 22
Transitioning to Platform-based Services and Business Models in a B2B Environment
Matzner, M., Pauli, T., Marx, E., Anke, J., Pöppelbuß, J., Fielt, E., Gregor, S. D., Sun, R., Hydle, K. M., AAS, T. H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Service Management Research · doi:10.15358/2511-8676-2021-3-143 · Cited by 20
Explaining the nonalignment of ecosystem partners: A structuralist approach
Malherbe, M., & Tellier, A. (2022) · Strategic Organization · doi:10.1177/14761270221084224 · Cited by 20
Jin, Z., Zeng, S., Chen, H., & Jonathan Jingsheng, S. H. I. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121747 · Cited by 20
Saniossian, J., Lecocq, X., & Beaucourt, C. (2022) · M n gement · doi:10.37725/mgmt.v25.4202 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Adner, R.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Adner, Ron
- ORCID
- Adner, Ron
- Venue
- Journal of Management
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-11-24
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-58
- ISSN
- 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1211
- OpenAlex
- W2551675031
- Cited by
- 2,600
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 557 · 2025: 407 · 2024: 341 · 2023: 258 · 2022: 270 · 2021: 306 · 2020: 215 · 2019: 140 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 32
- FWCI
- 195.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Management (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Digital Platforms and Economics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategy and Innovation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Innovation and Knowledge Management
- Keywords
- ecosystem strategy, ecosystem structure, structuralist approach, business models, platforms, coopetition, multi-sided markets, value networks, supply chain, technical systems, networks
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review