The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ecosystem as Structure: An Actionable Construct for Strategy
Open accessAbstract
Over the past 20 years, the term “ecosystem” has become pervasive in discussions of strategy, both scholarly and applied. Its rise has mirrored an increasing interest and concern among both researchers and managers with interdependence across organizations and activities. This article presents a structuralist approach to conceptualizing the ecosystem construct. It presents a clear definition of the ecosystem construct, a grammar for characterizing ecosystem structure, and a characterization of the distinctive aspects of ecosystem strategy. This approach offers an explicit examination of the relationship among ecosystems and a host of alternative constructs (business models, platforms, coopetition, multisided markets, networks, technology systems, supply chains, value networks) that helps characterize where the ecosystem construct adds, and does not add, insight for the strategy literature.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Here the focal platform actor requires specific capabilities to form and orchestrate the surrounding ecosystem (Helfat & Raubitschek, 2018), enforces governance principles and fosters generativity, allowing the complementors to undertake discrete actions to contribute to the platforms' value proposition (Adner, 2017;Jacobides et al., 2018;Teece, 2018).”
From Digital platform ecosystems in flux: From proprietary digital platforms to wide-spanning ecosystems (2023) · cites this paper as Adner, 2017
In the citing paper
“After boundary resources have been created, complementors must be attracted to the platform to foster ecosystem generation (Adner, 2017).”
From Digital platform ecosystems in flux: From proprietary digital platforms to wide-spanning ecosystems (2023) · cites this paper as Adner, 2017
Citations
Cites
(1994) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/0002-8223(94)92216-0 · Cited by 46,726
A resource‐based view of the firm
Wernerfelt, B. (1984) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250050207 · Cited by 25,635
Coase, R. H. (1937) · Economica · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x · Cited by 23,972
An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.
Loasby, B. J., Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (1983) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2232409 · Cited by 21,426
Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors
(1980) · Journal of Sustainable Competitive Intelligence · doi:10.24883/iberoamericanic.v2i2.38 · Cited by 16,592
Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance
Porter, M. E. (1985) · Cited by 14,725
Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications.
O'Brien, D. P., & Williamson, O. E. (1976) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2230812 · Cited by 13,469
The Relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage
Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1998.1255632 · Cited by 12,810
An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change
Berkowitz, M. K., Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (1983) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1058233 · Cited by 10,888
PORTER, Competitive advantage, creating and sustaining superior performance
Weil, K. E. (1985) · Revista de Administração de Empresas · doi:10.1590/s0034-75901985000200009 · Cited by 10,458
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Adner R., 2000, Mastering strategy: The complete MBA companion in strategy
- Adner R., 2006, Harvard Business Review, 84, 98
- Adner R., 2013, The wide lens: What successful innovators see that others miss
- Adner R., 2016, Harvard Business Review, 94, 60
- Brandenburger A. M., 1996, Co-opetition
- 10.2307/259056 · DOI
- Milgrom P., 1990, American Economic Review, 80, 511
- Parker G. G., 2016, Platform revolution
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,001
Gregori, P., Schwarz, E. J., & Holzmann, P. (2025) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-025-01071-w · Cited by 15
Effectiveness of Ecosystem Strategies for the Sustainability of Marketplace Platform Ecosystems
Inoue, Y., Hashimoto, M., & Takenaka, T. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11205866 · Cited by 16
Future scenarios for the Brazilian electricity sector: PV as a new driving force?
Martelli, V., Chimenti, P. C. P. D. S., & Nogueira, A. R. R. (2020) · Futures · doi:10.1016/j.futures.2020.102555 · Cited by 15
The Development of Ecosystem Concept in Economy
Каленов, О. (2021) · Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics · doi:10.21686/2413-2829-2021-1-37-46 · Cited by 15
Agency in Circular City Ecosystems—A Rationalities Perspective
Hirvensalo, A., Teerikangas, S. P., Reynolds, N., Kalliomäki, H., Mäntysalo, R., Mattila, H., & Granqvist, K. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13052544 · Cited by 15
Stakeholder Management and Social Responsibility
Nicolescu, O., & Nicolescu, C. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003217701 · Cited by 17
Llamzon, R. B., Tan, F. T. C., & Carter, L. D. (2021) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102450 · Cited by 15
Valuing value in urban live music ecologies: negotiating the impact of live music in the Netherlands
van der Hoeven, A., Everts, R., Mulder, M., Berkers, P., Hitters, E., & Rutten, P. (2021) · Journal of Cultural Economy · doi:10.1080/17530350.2021.2002175 · Cited by 15
Piller, F. T., & Nitsch, V. (2022) · Contributions to management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07734-0_1 · Cited by 15
Lingens, B., Seeholzer, V., & Gassmann, O. (2022) · Industry and Innovation · doi:10.1080/13662716.2022.2123307 · Cited by 15
A study of the factors which influence digital transformation in Kibs companies
Marino-Romero, J. A., Palos‐Sánchez, P. R., Martín‐Velicia, F. A., & Rodrigues, R. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993972 · Cited by 15
Papachristos, G., Jain, N., Burman, E., Zimmermann, N., Wu, X., Liu, P., Mumovic, D., Lin, B., Davies, M., & Edkins, A. (2020) · Construction Management and Economics · doi:10.1080/01446193.2020.1748212 · Cited by 17
New perspectives on consumer adoption and diffusion of innovations
Kristensson, P., Pedersen, P. E., & Thorbjørnsen, H. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.048 · Cited by 15
Towards transformative innovation ecosystems: a systemic approach to responsible innovation
Neudert, P., Smolka, M., & Böschen, S. (2024) · Journal of Responsible Innovation · doi:10.1080/23299460.2024.2414482 · Cited by 14
Bai, O., Shi, Y., & Wu, F. (2025) · Urban Policy and Research · doi:10.1080/08111146.2025.2456258 · Cited by 14
The new industry playbook: digital service innovation in multi-platform ecosystems
Ahmed, T., & Kowalkowski, C. (2025) · Journal of Enterprise Information Management · doi:10.1108/jeim-05-2024-0240 · Cited by 16
Circular innovation ecosystem orchestrators: a capabilities-as-routines-bundles framework
Battistella, C., & Attanasio, G. (2025) · Industry and Innovation · doi:10.1080/13662716.2025.2524517 · Cited by 14
Shetty, S. S., Suvarna, S., & Aithal, P. S. (2025) · Poornaprajna International Journal of Teaching & Research Case Studies (PIJTRCS) · doi:10.64818/pijtrcs.3107.8494.0035 · Cited by 14
Bin‐Nashwan, S. A., Riyadh, H. A., Khlifi, S., & Haladu, A. (2026) · Journal of Intellectual Capital · doi:10.1108/jic-06-2025-0200 · Cited by 14
Ceci, G., Ancona, A., Iovanella, A., & Veglianti, E. (2026) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2026.100973 · Cited by 14
Zhang, Y., & Roelfsema, H. J. (2020) · Entrepreneurship Research Journal · doi:10.1515/erj-2019-0265 · Cited by 14
Yang, J., Min, Z., Zhang, M., & Yao, K. Z. (2021) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2021.62 · Cited by 14
Leveraging supplier involvement for fueling manufacturers' firm creativity
Cheng, C. C. J., & Sheu, C. (2022) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.10.014 · Cited by 14
Alexander Bogdanov’s system methodology from the perspective of the modern economic worldview
Kleiner, G. B. (2023) · Voprosy Ekonomiki · doi:10.32609/0042-8736-2023-3-24-39 · Cited by 14
Boehme, T., Fan, J. P.-O., Birtchnell, T., Aitken, J., Turner, N. W., & Deakins, E. (2023) · Supply Chain Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/scm-02-2023-0113 · Cited by 14
Mapping the landscape: unveiling the structural dynamics of industry platforms
Alghani, K. A., Kohtamäki, M., & Kraus, S. (2024) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-09-2023-0748 · Cited by 19
E-commerce ecosystems as catalysts for sustainability: A multi-case analysis
Wulfert, T., Woroch, R., Strobel, G., Schoormann, T., & Banh, L. (2024) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-024-00733-z · Cited by 14
da Rosa, F. S., Lunkes, R. J., Schäfer, J. D., & Codesso, M. M. (2024) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2024.2438233 · Cited by 14
SynDEc: A Synthetic Data Ecosystem
Karst, F., Li, M. M., & Leimeister, J. M. (2025) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-024-00746-8 · Cited by 14
Strengthening capital-intensive companies in technology competition through innovation platforms
Jaspers, D., & Proff, H. (2025) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-01-2024-0050 · Cited by 14
Kortus, L., Gutmann, T., & Kreutzer, M. (2025) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/radm.12741 · Cited by 15
On the Evolution of Service Ecosystems: A Study of the Emerging API Economy
Basole, R. C. (2018) · Service science: research and innovations in the service economy · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98512-1_21 · Cited by 14
Human Capital Ecosystem Construction in an Emerging Rugby Market
McLeod, C. M., & Nite, C. (2019) · Journal of Sport Management · doi:10.1123/jsm.2018-0265 · Cited by 14
Basole, R. C. (2020) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2020.702 · Cited by 14
The diamond model: A French luxury cluster model embedded in regional heritage
Rispal, M. H., & Blancheton, B. (2020) · Journal of Small Business Management · doi:10.1080/00472778.2020.1716588 · Cited by 14
Technology rewind: The emergence of the analog entrepreneurial ecosystem
Roundy, P. T. (2021) · Journal of General Management · doi:10.1177/03063070211023448 · Cited by 15
Towards sustainable feasibility studies for P2X investments
Matinmikko, J., Kinnunen, S.-K., Sinkkonen, T., & Kärri, T. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132641 · Cited by 14
Moerchel, A., Tietze, P. D. F., Aristodemou, L., & Vimalnath, P. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2022.3184254 · Cited by 14
Business model design and mass customization capability: is supply chain integration a missing link?
Cheng, J., Zhao, S., Feng, T., & Sheng, H. (2022) · Business Process Management Journal · doi:10.1108/bpmj-12-2021-0778 · Cited by 14
Digital innovation in platform-based ecosystems
Isckia, T., de Reuver, M., & Lescop, D. (2018) · International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems (MEDES) · doi:10.1145/3281375.3281377 · Cited by 14
A Study of Key Indicators of Development for University-Based Entrepreneurship Ecosystems in Taiwan
Hsieh, R.-M., & Kelley, D. J. (2019) · Entrepreneurship Research Journal · doi:10.1515/erj-2018-0331 · Cited by 14
Stakeholders of the Multimodal Freight Transport Ecosystem in Polish–Czech–Slovak Cross-Border Area
Kramarz, M., Knop, L., Przybylska, E., & Dohn, K. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14082242 · Cited by 14
Li, M., Yuan, N., & Du, W. (2025) · Economic Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.eap.2025.08.022 · Cited by 13
Ecosystem Orchestration Work in the Digital Transformation of Ecosystems
Gomes, L. A. D. V., Chaparro, X. A. F., Silva, L. E. N., Maniçoba, R. F., & Farago, F. E. (2025) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/radm.70022 · Cited by 14
СУТНІСТЬ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОСИСТЕМ БІЗНЕСУ В НОВІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ
Лемешко, М. (2021) · Економіка та суспільство · doi:10.32782/2524-0072/2021-34-49 · Cited by 13
Zhang, H., Wang, W., & Gupta, S. (2023) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.05.011 · Cited by 13
Wang, L., Kong, X., Wang, W., & Gong, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Production Research · doi:10.1080/00207543.2023.2235019 · Cited by 13
Preparing ecosystems for platformization: Insights from multiple case studies
Hu, Y., Zheng, S., Chong, A. Y., Lim, E. T. K., & Tan, C. (2023) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12467 · Cited by 14
Gisca, O., Matinmikko‐Blue, M., Ahokangas, P., Yrjölä, S., & Gordon, J. (2023) · Telecommunications Policy · doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102651 · Cited by 13
Building a Blockchain-Based Platform for Interbank Collaboration
Spahiu, E., Spagnoletti, P., & Sposito, A. (2024) · International Journal of Electronic Commerce · doi:10.1080/10864415.2024.2332051 · Cited by 13
Barbosa, N. M., Hellmeister, P. I., de Mello, A. M., & Braz, A. C. (2024) · RAUSP Management Journal · doi:10.1108/rausp-09-2023-0187 · Cited by 16
Farooq, M., & Çan, Ö. (2024) · Journal of global entrepreneurship research · doi:10.1007/s40497-024-00386-4 · Cited by 13
Moradi, M., Hepsø, V., & Schiefloe, P. M. (2024) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2024.100523 · Cited by 14
Dynamics of actors in innovation ecosystems' analytical structures
Coletto, C., Caliari, L., de Souza, D. B., & de Menezes, D. C. (2024) · Innovation & Management Review · doi:10.1108/inmr-11-2022-0150 · Cited by 13
Universities as Keystone Orchestrators during Innovation Ecosystem Nascence
Mbitse, Y., Salomo, S., & zu Knyphausen‐Aufseß, D. (2024) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2023.0047 · Cited by 13
Inside-out and outside-in: How entrepreneurial ecosystems can build legitimacy through signaling
Donaldson, C., Villagrasa, J., & Theodoraki, C. (2024) · Journal of Small Business Management · doi:10.1080/00472778.2024.2394499 · Cited by 13
Reflecting back and looking forward: A systematic literature review of SME–university collaborations
Cao, Z., Verreynne, M., & de Oliveira, R. T. (2024) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/ijmr.12393 · Cited by 13
The global internet market(s): a reconstruction of the views of the industry
Simon, J. P. (2020) · Digital Policy Regulation and Governance · doi:10.1108/dprg-10-2019-0092 · Cited by 13
Rupčić, N., Majić, T., & Stjepandić, J. (2020) · Journal of Industrial Integration and Management · doi:10.1142/s2424862220500086 · Cited by 13
Discontinuous Change in Organizations and Fields
Gaba, V., & Meyer, A. D. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198845973.013.22 · Cited by 13
A company’s relational strategy: Linkage between strategic choices, attributes, and outcomes
Zakrzewska-Bielawska, A., & Lewicka, D. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254531 · Cited by 13
Ates, A. (2022) · International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management · doi:10.1108/ijppm-08-2021-0489 · Cited by 13
Transitioning to a Circular Economy
Bank, W. (2022) · The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank) · doi:10.1596/37331 · Cited by 18
Wulfert, T., & Karger, E. (2022) · Corporate Ownership and Control · doi:10.22495/cocv20i1art17 · Cited by 13
Value Creation and Commercialization in Insular Ecosystems
Lopes, J. M., Farinha, L. M. D. C., & Ferreira, J. J. (2018) · International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development · doi:10.4018/ijsesd.2018070107 · Cited by 13
Towards an Ecosystem of Domain Specific Languages for Threat Modeling
Hacks, S., & Katsikeas, S. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79382-1_1 · Cited by 13
Eriksson, T., Näppä, A., & Robertson, J. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/j.scaman.2022.101211 · Cited by 13
Innovation Management Theory Evolution MapPreprint
Bouwer, L. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3222848 · Cited by 13
Gao, T., Wang, S., Chen, B., & Yang, L. (2024) · China Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2023.102111 · Cited by 12
Open Innovation in Regional Innovation Clusters and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Radziwon, A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192899798.013.25 · Cited by 12
Du, Q., Sun, Z., & Chen, S. (2024) · Asia Pacific Business Review · doi:10.1080/13602381.2024.2338173 · Cited by 12
Wang, L., Zhang, W., White, S., & Fan, H. (2024) · Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal · doi:10.1002/sej.1518 · Cited by 13
Özkan, B., Jungerius, N., Adalı, O. E., & Türetken, O. (2025) · Production Planning & Control · doi:10.1080/09537287.2025.2456965 · Cited by 12
Opportunities and challenges of blockchain for multi-sided platforms
Bendig, D., & Charlet, M. (2025) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-025-00765-z · Cited by 12
Orchestrating Value Co-Creation in Business Ecosystems
Burkhalter, M., Betz, C., Auge-Dickhut, S., & Jung, R. (2021) · Sustainable finance · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52275-9_16 · Cited by 12
Rethinking the legal regulation of Internet platform monopoly in China
He, Q. (2022) · Policy & Internet · doi:10.1002/poi3.304 · Cited by 12
Fit for solving the grand challenges? From organization design choices to ecosystem solutions
Ambos, T. C., & Tatarinov, K. (2023) · Journal of Organization Design · doi:10.1007/s41469-023-00148-8 · Cited by 12
Newaz, M. T., Chandna, V., Dass, M., & Arnett, D. B. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114192 · Cited by 15
Exploring performance heterogeneity: Integrative insights from strategic management and marketing
Wilden, R., Leiblein, M. J., & Lin, N. (2024) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103834 · Cited by 12
Conceptualising innovation platforms through innovation ecosystems perspective
Dondofema, R. A., & Grobbelaar, S. S. S. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) · doi:10.1109/ice.2019.8792668 · Cited by 12
Shaikh, I. A., & Randhawa, K. (2022) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtac019 · Cited by 12
Restoring ecosystem brands: The role of sustainability-led innovation
Cortez, R. M., Freytag, P. V., & Ingstrup, M. B. (2022) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.05.021 · Cited by 12
Digitalization and Platformization in Romania Based on the Digital Platform Economy Index 2020
Apostol, Ş. (2023) · Central European Business Review · doi:10.18267/j.cebr.333 · Cited by 11
Overcoming the Productivity Paradox in the Public Sector by Managing Deliberate Learning
Bjerke-Busch, L. S., & Thorp, S. O. (2023) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2023.2225510 · Cited by 11
Lebec, L., & Dudau, A. I. (2023) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2023.2238724 · Cited by 11
Casper, S., Miozzo, M., & Storz, C. (2023) · Industry and Innovation · doi:10.1080/13662716.2023.2254261 · Cited by 13
Startup engagement: a strategy framework for established companies
Bagno, R. B., O’Connor, G. C., Salerno, M. S., & de Melo, J. C. F. (2023) · Innovation & Management Review · doi:10.1108/inmr-07-2022-0093 · Cited by 11
Synergistic evolution mechanisms for improving open government data ecosystems using the Haken model
Fang, J., & Zhao, L. (2024) · Library & Information Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.lisr.2024.101284 · Cited by 11
A bibliometric analysis of B Corps and sustainable business ecosystems
Alonso‐Martínez, D., & Álvarez, N. G. (2024) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.2906 · Cited by 11
Christmann, A.-S., Graf‐Drasch, V., & Schäfer, R. (2024) · Business & Information Systems Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12599-024-00863-w · Cited by 11
History and future of business ecosystem: a bibliometric analysis and visualization
Xia, Z., Yang, Y., & Chen, Y. (2024) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-024-05318-6 · Cited by 11
Wang, J. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2024.3470309 · Cited by 11
Teaching for paradigm shifts: Supporting the drivers of radical creativity in management education
Eloranta, V., Hakanen, E., & Shaw, C. M. (2024) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2024.100641 · Cited by 11
Shi, X., Jimenez, W. D. C., Shi, Y., Zhang, Y., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Journal of Supply Chain Management · doi:10.1111/jscm.12335 · Cited by 11
Zhang, Y., & Hao, S. (2024) · Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management · doi:10.1108/jmtm-05-2024-0255 · Cited by 11
Shengxi, Y., Jia-ming, Y., & Jiang, W. (2024) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/radm.12739 · Cited by 11
Koilo, V. (2025) · Businesses · doi:10.3390/businesses5010012 · Cited by 11
Brüggemann, P., Martinez, L. F., & Pauwels, K. H. (2025) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-025-09960-8 · Cited by 12
Ammann, J., & Heß, T. (2025) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-025-00775-x · Cited by 11
Xu, X., & Yuan, H. (2025) · Asia Pacific Business Review · doi:10.1080/13602381.2025.2496511 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Adner, R.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Adner, Ron
- ORCID
- Adner, Ron
- Venue
- Journal of Management
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-11-24
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-58
- ISSN
- 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1211
- OpenAlex
- W2551675031
- Cited by
- 2,600
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 557 · 2025: 407 · 2024: 341 · 2023: 258 · 2022: 270 · 2021: 306 · 2020: 215 · 2019: 140 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 32
- FWCI
- 195.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Management (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Digital Platforms and Economics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategy and Innovation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Innovation and Knowledge Management
- Keywords
- ecosystem strategy, ecosystem structure, structuralist approach, business models, platforms, coopetition, multi-sided markets, value networks, supply chain, technical systems, networks
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review